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Examining the statistics of tourism, of real estate sales to foreigners and statistics of mixed marriages, the authors argue that Russians' interest to Turkey has steadily increased not only as a tourist destination but also as an emigration country for Russians. Many Russian citizens who visit Turkey for tourism purposes think about settling down in the country, and some of them buy real estate there. The second main period of the Russian immigration to Turkey is 1990s, after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Due to the number of mixed marriages increased as a result of irregular migration, a new generation grew up with two common cultures. In general, the gender factor appears more prominently in the marriage and migration, and the mixed marriages point out the unimportance of social-cultural differences such as language and religion. After 1980, an increase in foreign population was observed in Turkey especially in coastal areas such as Aegean and Mediterranean regions with tourism activities, and from 2000, these locations, mainly Antalya, have become popular in international migration. Main changes in Turkish legislation on citizenship are closely linked to the economic migration process, including quantitative limits set forth for investments in capital and real estate were dramatically decreased. Turkey has really become an immigration country while before it was an emigration one.The statistical data collected from different sources prove some surveys' conclusions that economic factors are less important than social and geographical ones in the decisions of Russian citizens to migrate to and settle down in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the early 1990s, marriages between Russian women and Turkish men have become more common. Today, Russian brides have the top place among marriage migrants in Turkey. This study aims to reveal the actors, places, motivations and mechanisms of these marriages, which have changed the social fabric significantly. The study emphasizes the direct effects of political-economic structures on mixed marriage and marriage migrations. In this study, in-depth interviews were held with Russian brides and their Turkish husbands in İstanbul and Antalya. The results show that this 30-year-old marriage pattern has evolved substantially over time, mirroring the two countries' political economy, and has created its own system that diverges from the global trend in several ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]