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Acquired 16S rRNA methylases (RMTases) conferring pan-drug resistance to aminoglycosides were searched among enterobacterial isolates recovered in Angola. A total of 36 hospitalized children were screened for rectal colonization using the Superaminoglycoside selective medium. Twenty-two pan-aminoglycoside-resistant enterobacterial isolates were recovered, all of which produced RMTases, i.e., RmtB, ArmA, and RmtC. Highly diverse genetic backgrounds were identified for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, most of which coproduced carbapenemases NDM-1 or NDM-5, respectively., (Copyright © 2018 American Society for Microbiology.)

Background: Oxacillin-susceptible mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus (OS-MRSA) isolates have been increasingly reported worldwide, but data regarding the African continent have not been available., Methods: Between 2010 and 2014, 1462 inpatients and healthcare workers were screened for MRSA nasal carriage in São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) and Angola, two Portuguese-speaking African countries (PALOP countries). We determined the presence of the mecA gene and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolates. OS-MRSA clonal lineages were identified as well as the presence of virulence determinants, including Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL)., Results: Out of 164 S. aureus hospital isolates tested, 29 (17.7%) were mecA positive, but susceptible to oxacillin, showing oxacillin MICs ≤3 mg/L. All OS-MRSA isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and most of them were also resistant to at least two antimicrobials other than β-lactams. The 29 OS-MRSA were distributed into two major clonal lineages: (i) PFGE type B-ST88-SCCmec IVa, associated with spa types t186/t325/t786/t1814/t1951, detected in Angola (n = 5) and STP (n = 10); and (ii) PFGE type C-t451/t648-ST8-SCCmec V, exclusively found in STP (n = 9). OS-MRSA showed at least two virulence determinants. PVL was detected in an isolate recovered in STP., Conclusions: We describe a high prevalence of OS-MRSA among S. aureus strains recovered in two African countries. OS-MRSA in PALOP countries were mainly associated with ST88 and ST8, two prevalent MRSA clonal types in these countries. If direct testing for mecA is not available, cefoxitin susceptibility testing is highly recommended to avoid the misidentification of OS-MRSA., (© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major human pathogen worldwide, and although surveillance studies are available in the most developed countries, data from Angola are inexistent. In June 2012, 295 inpatients and 199 healthcare workers from three hospitals in Luanda, Angola were nasal swabbed for S. aureus and MRSA carriage. A total of 117 individuals (23.7%) were S. aureus nasal carriers, out of which 68 (58.1%) were colonized with MRSA. The majority of the MRSA isolates (74%) belonged to a single clonal lineage, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) A-ST5-IVa associated with three spa types (spa types t105/t311/t11657), followed by PFGE C-ST88-IVa (spa types t186/t325/t786/t1951/t3869) (n=9; 12%); the other 11 MRSA isolates were representatives of 4 additional lineages. Almost half (49%) of the methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates belonged to three major clones: PFGE B-ST508 (spa types t050/t861/t1346/t1574/t2626/t12218), PFGE D-ST45 (spa types t939/t11656), and PFGE E-ST30 (spa types t1202/t9118). MSSA isolates presented a high variability of virulence factors, including Panton-Valentine leukocidine (7.9%). MRSA carriage in Luanda is considerably high, and the major clone corresponds to a worldwide epidemic lineage, so far scarcely reported in Africa. Additional infection control measures in this metropolis are mandatory for a global MRSA control.