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This paper discusses the contributions to this special issue in the context of the African Renaissance and the subsequent need to re-define educational development from a multilingual, multicultural and pan-African perspective. Each contribution offers a different angle to the discussion: a critique of Arabization in Morocco, with questions about whether a new medium of instruction policy will prioritize people's own languages or French; an analysis of urban attitudes in Angola toward a new education policy providing for six mother tongues to be used in lower primary; a description of the challenges for stakeholders in the Seychelles to recognize that Seselwa, a creole, can be an acceptable medium of instruction; and an assessment of the opportunities and limitations in South Africa of classroom trans-languaging between African languages and English. A stronger voice needs to emerge on behalf of African languages and ways of knowing.

Background: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) accounts for the majority of the reported gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) cases. Kongo Central province in the DRC reports a relatively low, yet steady number of cases, and forms a transboundary focus with Angola and the Republic of Congo. This paper describes an intervention aimed at reducing the case burden in Kongo Central by improving passive case detection, complemented with reactive screening. Methodology/Principal findings: At the initiation of this programme in August 2015, 620 health facilities were identified and equipped with Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) for HAT screening. Of these, 603 (97%) reported use of RDTs, and 584 (94%) that continued to use RDTs to the last quarter of 2016 were used in the analysis going forward. Among all health facilities involved, 23 were equipped to confirm HAT by microscopy, and 4 of the latter were equipped to perform molecular testing with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Patients clinically suspected of HAT were tested with an RDT and those with a positive RDT result were referred to the nearest microscopy facility for confirmatory testing. If RDT positive patients were negative by microscopy, they were tested by LAMP, either on fresh blood or blood that was dried on filter paper and transported to a facility performing LAMP. This network of diagnostic facilities reduced the median distance for a patient to travel to a screening facility from 13.7km when the classical card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT) was used as a screening test in the past, to 3.4km. As a consequence, passive case detection was improved by between 30% and 130% compared to the period before. Furthermore, the proportion of HAT cases detected in early stage disease by passive screening increased from 27% to 64%. Reactive screening took place in 20 villages where cases were reported by passive screening, and in 45 villages in the neighbourhood of these villages. Reactive screening was responsible for detection of 40% of cases, of which, 90% were in first stage of the disease. Conclusions: This programme has demonstrated that it is possible to deploy passive screening for HAT at sub-country or country levels in the DRC, and this is made more effective when supplemented with reactive screening. Results and achievements showed an increase in the number of HAT cases detected, the majority of them in early disease, demonstrating that this strategy enables better population coverage and early detection of cases, which is critical in removing the HAT reservoir and interrupting transmission, and could contribute to HAT elimination in regions where it is implemented. Author summary: A number of diagnostic tests for HAT have recently been developed, to improve case detection. We report on the use of these technologies in a strategy to increase coverage and early detection of HAT cases in Kongo Central province of DRC. All 620 health facilities in the focus were equipped with RDTs to test patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of HAT. Among these health facilities, 23 were upgraded to perform confirmatory testing, for a final diagnosis. This strategy has reduced the distance a patient travels to a facility screening for HAT, from 13.7km to 3.4km. From August 2015 to December 2016, the proportion of HAT cases detected, adjusted annually, increased by between 30% and 130% compared to the previous two years, and 64% of them were in early stage disease, compared to 27% previously. This strategy has enabled better population coverage, and when supplemented with reactive screening, the identification of local outbreaks and early detection of most cases, which is critical in removing the HAT reservoir and interrupting transmission, thus contributing to elimination of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Angolan Government has introduced two significant educational reforms which, among other goals, sought to liberate the education system from the colonial epistemologies and Eurocentrism. Though allegedly progress has been made in some sectors such as building school infrastructure and reducing illiteracy, the same cannot be claimed with regard to the curriculum, and in turn the textbooks, which seem unaltered. This paper examines one potent source of cultural politics, namely Portuguese language teaching, that is a compulsory subject at primary schooling level. The article traces semiotic representations in four randomly selected primary schooling textbooks by focusing on anthroponomy, ethnicity/race and occupation, using the postcolonial theory as a theoretical framework. In terms of methodology, the paper makes use of qualitative content analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Eclogites from the Chicundo (Angola) and Lace (S. Africa) kimberlites have been subject to post-equilibrium heating and/or decrease in pressure. These effects, and attendant metasomatism, are here interpreted as taking place during entrainment and transport in the host kimberlites. Phases formed during arrested retrograde reactions include corundum, orthopyroxene and K-feldspar which have previously been reported as uncommon, but well-equilibrated, phases in eclogites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The hydrographic conditions in the south-east Atlantic were investigated during the cruise of R/V Poseidon in April 1999. The area of investigation covers the two major eastern boundary currents of the Southern Atlantic and its convergence in the Angola-Benguela Frontal Zone (ABFZ). Hydrographic measurements have been carried out in combination with current measurements and are supplemented with remote sensing data of sea surface temperature (SST) and wind stress. The Angola Current transported in its surface part less saline water from the great rivers in the north towards the ABFZ. At the same time, south of the front, strong coastal upwelling in the Benguela was observed. At the beginning of April 1999 the ABFZ was found at an unusual southern position. The rapid dynamic response of the ABFZ to wind forcing is discussed on the basis of satellite SST images combined with hydrographic measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Development Research is the property of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reports that false vaccination papers of Eritrean migrants contributed to the yellow fever outbreak in Angola.

With a predominantly humid tropical climate and a large area for expanding agricultural activities, Angola has in principle favorable conditions for bioenergy production. The focus of this study was to evaluate the availability of suitable land for producing sugarcane. This crop is highly efficient in converting solar energy into biomass for energy purposes in Angola. To this end, this paper outlines a method for data collection, processing, and analysis divided into three sections. The first section uses the GAEZ (Global Agroecological Zones) database and QGIS (Quantum GIS) software (version 3.22.5) to assess land availability for sugarcane cultivation in Angola, classifying the regions' suitability into four levels. The second section supplements this with data from the FAOSTAT database, systematically excluding areas with restrictions, such as protected zones, land already used for other crops, and regions unsuitable for sugarcane. Finally, the third section employs an agricultural yield model to estimate the potential yield of sugarcane based on climatic parameters and the amount of bioenergy (ethanol and bioelectricity) able to be produced in the available land. Under these criteria, this study identified the existence of 6.3 Mha in lands of good agricultural suitability, with water resources, corresponding to 5% of the Angolan territory, distributed in seven provinces of the country, especially in the provinces of Cuando Cubango and Cunene, where 85% of the very suitable land under irrigation is located. Adopting a model of agricultural productivity, assuming irrigation and adequate agricultural practices, such area could produce approximately 956 million tons of sugarcane annually, which is significantly higher than the current production in this country. This amount of feedstock processed using current technology could potentially produce 81.3 GL of ethanol and 176.9 TWh of electricity with low GHG emissions per year, which is able to mitigate, as a whole, circa 60.3 MtCO2-eq/year by displacing gasoline in light vehicles and diesel and natural gas consumed in power generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angolan independence, proclaimed in 1975, instituted a one-party, socialist-oriented revolutionary regime that vowed to create a nation of workers under a secular state with freedom of worship. However, such a framework existed only on paper. A generation gap opposed Protestant, mission-educated leaders to younger agnostic and atheist militants trained in socialist countries. The government acted to circumscribe the public space of churches and enforce compliance with the heavily contested new order, but also promoted certain denominations as a tool to build hegemony. Further complications arise from African religious practices not being deemed religion but tradition, pointing both to superstition and obscurantism on the one hand, and to the cultural corpus of nation-building on the other. This paper posits that the study of secularity in Angola does not fit into the usual theoretical dichotomy but must take into account the intersections and interplay of tradition with both religion and the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Esboços: Historias em Contextos Globias is the property of Esbocos: historias em contextos globais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Critical African Studies is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The authors studied the problem of naphthenate deposits in the oil and gas industry. Currently, there are few ways available to inhibit or dissolve naphthenate deposits in oil facilities. Naphthenate deposits can block pipelines and aggregate in other parts of the installation, i.e., in the separators. In Europe, the issue of deposition on oil rigs is commonly encountered in Norway and the United Kingdom, as well as in some African countries, i.e., Angola and Nigeria. Many tons of chemicals are used to combat naphthenate deposition, usually through inhibition, but also via the dissolution of the scale that precipitates over time. The presented work examines the characteristics of naphthenate fouling, historical ways to inhibit it, and current approaches to the problem, as well as the results of the laboratory testing of naphthenate inhibitors and solvents. The process of the naphthenate creation is as follows. When oil exhibits a high TAN (total acid number) and high content of salty water, naphthenate deposits can emerge via the reaction of naphthenic acids and metal salts (mostly calcium ones). Naphthenates are partially insoluble in water, and they usually float below the oil/water interface. The standard methods of naphthenate inhibition involve lowering the pH of the production water, which can result in serious problems, especially related to corrosion. This study addresses experiments conducted in the laboratory in Poland and on oil rigs in Angola and is based on contemporary knowledge and standards. The objective of this paper was to investigate the most suitable naphthenate inhibitors and solvents, as well as to undertake bottle tests of naphthenate inhibitors with a focus on the main indicators (water clarity, quality of separation surface, and clarity of oil). The use of citric and formic acids in this paper is a novelty, and it is compared with the results obtained with the more commonly used acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, and ABS acid. It was proven that formic acid can effectively inhibit and dissolve naphthenic deposits (99% efficiency of inhibition and 100% efficiency of dissolution). It was found that some acids used in naphthenate inhibition create more deposits than were originally present. Formic acid and ABS acid yielded significantly better results than other types. It is also here hypothesized that there are substances other than acids that can effectively remove naphthenate deposits, and the other novelty of this study is in the use of mutual solvents in the removal of naphthenate salts. Another important outcome is the finding that not only acids but also mutual solvents (EGMBE and isopropyl alcohol) can effectively remove naphthenate deposits. The test results show that formic acid dissolved all of the naphthenates, while citric acid had 97% efficacy, isopropyl alcohol had 95% efficacy, and EGMBE showed 94% efficacy. The impacts of commercial naphthenate inhibitors on the bottle test results and interfacial tension measurements were also investigated. It was shown that commercial naphthenate inhibitors can decrease the interfacial tension between oil and water by more than 30% when used at dosages of 400 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Atlantic Goliath Grouper Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822) occurs on both sides of the Atlantic, from the Carolinas (USA) to Brazil in the western Atlantic and historically from North Senegal to North Angola off of West Africa in the eastern Atlantic. While there are relatively good data on their distribution in the western Atlantic, confirmed occurrences, population status, fishing reports, and trade data are almost non-existent for West Africa. Part of the problem is that tropical West African countries largely lack the wherewithal to fund the research needed to evaluate this species, nor do they have laws, management plans, or viable enforcement measures that might lead to effective population recovery or protection for essential juvenile mangrove habitats. Given the lack of published studies on this species in West Africa, the primary objectives of this paper are (1) to describe all known historical and current anecdotal information available on this species and (2) to encourage the increased monitoring of habitats where viable populations might still occur (i.e., mangroves, oil rigs, and oil platforms). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its immense natural resources, Angola struggles to significantly improve its economy to reduce poverty. Carbon emissions have been increasing over the years, even though the country plans to reduce them by 35% by 2030. This paper attempts to assess the carbon emissions of several sectors (industries, transport, services, and residences) on economic growth, intending to find a balance between environmental protection that requires carbon emissions reduction and economic development that may add to environmental degradation. The study employed time series data on GDP, CO2, CH4, and N2O covering 1971 to 2021 and ARDL and ECM models. This is the first study at the state level in Angola on the relationship between economic development and environmental sustainability considering methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Additionally, the paper assesses the responses of GDP to deviation shock of GDP, CO2, CH4, and N2O by 2032. Phillip Perron and Augmented Dickey-Fuller tests showed that all the data are stationary at the first difference, favoring the application of the ARDL model to explore the short and long-run relationships. The result reveals that methane from agricultural activities and carbon emissions from the building sector and public services contribute to economic growth, whereas carbon emissions from industrial heat systems, non-renewable electricity production, and manufacturing industries harm economic growth. However, no relationship exists between nitrous oxide emissions and economic development. In addition, impulse response function estimates show that appropriate investments can sustain economic development over the years. Therefore, the country should diversify its economy and avoid polluting fuel sources, such as coal. Raising renewable energy's proportion in the total energy mix can support growth while considering the environmental quality. Investments in skills training, academic projects in renewable energy technologies development, agriculture mechanization, and sustainable job creation are recommended. Additionally, investing in quality seeds adapted to climate realities might help lessen climate change's adverse effects and promote growth. Manure manufacturing processes must be improved to reduce agriculture and livestock's methane and nitrous oxide emissions. The country's leaders are encouraged to promote raw material processing industries while insisting on reducing carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Angolan Portuguese, the word xinguilamento refers to possession by the ancestral Ilundu spirits whose manifestation is exhibited through dance. This paper examines the xinguilamento dance practiced at ritual offerings to the sea in Luanda (Angola’s capital), which are often ordered by public entities. Expanding upon the ambiguity of the word xinguilamento – which both refers to the spirit possession and to its imitation – the paper suggests that even the imitations respect some key aspects that insure ritual efficacy, rather than arguing about a distinction between these two kinds of actions. The ethnography of these offerings will indeed be a pretext to presenting a local theory that possession is less defined as a state of altered consciousness than as a potentiality inherent to genealogy. This genealogic potentiality also explains the political efficacy of the offerings themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to present a Mixed Integrative Heuristic Approach (MIHA) for image studies based on textual content (media news) analysis. MIHA was developed during an exploratory study on the image of China and the Chinese in Zambia and Angola. The analyzed database was relatively small (2477 articles), and the material was very heterogeneous, because of the wide scope of topics covered by the texts and the fact that we analyzed content from both English- and Portuguese-language media. To obtain the best possible results, we decided to employ the mixed methods approach for a bottom-up created dictionary, and to design a set of sentiment indexes based on both automatic and manual coding. This paper focuses on the two most important steps of the method development: dictionary building and sentiment indexes design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although a relatively small player in the global arena of international student migration/mobility (ISM), Portugal hosts an increasing number of international students, the vast majority of whom are from its former colonies. This paper shifts the debate on ISM away from the Anglophone world by examining the future mobility intentions and outcomes of students and graduates from Angola and Cape Verde who are or were enrolled in Portuguese universities. Based on 85 interviews with 49 participants, we explore their decision‐making processes about the location of their future careers—back in their home country, in Portugal, or elsewhere. We pay particular attention to how their thinking about their future lives—and where they want to be—changes during the course of their study in Portugal. A close reading of the participants' narratives enables the construction of a fourfold typology of their sociospatial trajectories (fulfilled and envisaged) and the reasons behind them. We label them: (i) maximisers; (ii) dreamers; (iii) globally mobile; and (iv) runners. These categories are not mutually exclusive and, for any given individual, can change over time, demonstrating the complexity of international students' plans and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mulemba Astronomical Observatory, later known as the Mulemba Space Centre was founded in 1958 on Luanda's outskirts in Angola, then an African Portuguese colony, by the polymath Carlos Mar Bettencourt Faria. Being, from all accounts, a charming and knowledgeable individual who was mainly self taught, he managed to build several radio telescopes, a solar observing station, a state-of-the-art electronics laboratory and a satellite tracking facility. Financial support was obtained from a variety of individuals, commercial companies, public institutions and from 1971 onwards Angola's national government. Faria's ambitious plans were nevertheless always thwarted or delayed by lack of funds. In 1973 data started to be collected at the solar station but the whirlwind of 1970s politics had a decisive impact in Angola. Faria's beautiful dream effectively ended when he was assassinated at the Observatory in 1976. In this paper we recall Carlos Bettencourt Faria's life and his battle against all odds to establish a professional-level astronomical observatory in Angola. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To characterize pregnant women admitted to Irene Neto Maternity Hospital, Lubango city, Huíla province, and their pregnancy outcomes. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional facility-based survey between October 2016 and September 2017, involving 500 pregnant women, followed from admission in labor until the end of delivery. Mean (SD) was computed for quantitative variables, while relative and absolute frequencies were determined for categorical variables. Additionally, confidence intervals were estimated. Results: Among pregnant women 18.3% were adolescents (≤ 19 years) and 14.5% had advanced maternal age (≥ 35 years). Illiteracy was reported by 8.2%. One in three (33.6%) had a short stature (< 1.55 m). Malaria was the most frequent infection during pregnancy (16.3%). Upon admission, 18.1% were anemic (Hb < 11 g/dl) and 36.0% had hypertension (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg), contrasting with the few cases reported of chronic hypertension and pregnancy-induced hypertension. There were 15 twin pregnancies. Cesarean section was performed in 25.2% of the women, although there was no medical indication for 23.0% of women having cesareans. Two maternal deaths occurred in our sample. Among live births from singleton pregnancies (97.1%), birth asphyxia (Apgar < 7 at 5 min) was observed in 22.7% and 10.3% had low birth weight (< 2.5 kg). Conclusions: There are very few studies reporting pregnancy outcomes in Angola. This analysis presents data from Huíla province, the second most populous province. We identified characteristics for higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: adolescence, illiteracy, and short stature. Among newborn outcomes, birth asphyxia and low birth weight demand special attention. Further research is needed to explore the non-medical indications for cesarean section and to better understand the twinning rate in Lubango. Significance: The significance of this paper is that it is one of the very few reports contributing for the knowledge of detailed maternal, obstetric and newborn outcomes in Angolan women. Although our study only addresses the outcomes descriptively, it can be used as a first step in monitoring and improving outcomes of Angolan women. Maternal and child health is a key issue to address sustainable development in Angola. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of work has highlighted the centrality of verticality to the making of contemporary urbanism, pushing scholars to begin conceptualising inequality, politics, and planning as multi‐scalar in nature. This paper builds off these interventions to argue that verticality should be understood as a fragile and unstable achievement, a fragility heightened when the oft‐taken for granted workings of the state and private sector, which enable the appearance of verticality as a seamless achievement, fail. Drawing on research conducted in Luanda, Angola, this paper explores how residents, planners, and real estate developers discuss the difficulties of maintaining the experience, materiality, and imaginations of verticality as embodied in the architectural form of the high‐rise. The paper shows that in the context of ongoing urban decay and the seeming abnegation of most state responsibility for provision, urban residents are forced to engage in the production of a DIY verticality—constantly patching and repairing buildings to keep them viable, actions which in turn pull them into relationships of privatized belonging with the city. As such, the paper argues that the material politics of the high‐rise in Luanda both highlights the fragility at the heart of verticality as well as the shifting forms of privatized belonging immanent to this fragility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Em Pauta is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although mobility-related categorization processes are central to migration studies, the ways that mobile populations understand, adapt, or contest them remain understudied. To trace such interpretations across both space and time, this paper explores a migrant trajectory that first crossed national borders within Africa before continuing to Brazil and later proceeding to Canada. The research combines ethnographic insights with the autobiographic reflections of one protagonist, whose perspectives and experiences move between different places, countries, institutions, people, and critical events. Following that individual’s learning processes, this article traces which categories were meaningful in the context of origin, how these changed in the interaction with different authorities, how transformative events played into valorizations, and which signs of categorical dissolution were recognizable during these trajectories. A biographical learning perspective sees not only the aspirations and the ideals but also the pragmatism and skepticism around the impact of mobility-related categories change along such journeys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mağallaẗ Al-Dirāsāt Al-Tārīẖiyyaẗ wa Al-Ḥaḍāriyyaẗ Al-Miṣriyyaẗ is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The theory that property rights increase household income among low-income households is widely acknowledged, yet empirical studies find scarce evidence of this effect. These studies encounter theoretical deficiencies and methodological challenges of endogeneity and selection bias in making causal inference. This paper examines effects of property rights on income using a control group design and propensity score matching. It employs the continuum of property rights as a conceptual framework, applying it to the case of Zango I social housing project and Paraiso, a slum, in Luanda. Results show the likelihood that property rights increase tenure security and income through the mechanism of home business activities but not through labour market participation or credit access. In contexts where housing projects for low-income groups depend on the informal sector and are located far from city centres, home business activities can be an important mechanism through which property rights may alleviate poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite being the second largest oil exporter in Africa, Angola continues to lag behind in most macroeconomic and institutional indicators. At least partially, this is a consequence of the Dutch disease, a phenomenon that establishes a clear link between high resource endowments and lack of economic diversity through the loss of international competitiveness in non-resource sectors. In this paper, we use a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model to identify the cointegrated relationship between international oil prices and the real effective exchange rate of the kwanza, which is a striking sign of the presence of the Dutch disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary & Nonprofit Organizations is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper proposes an ethnographic theorization of the relationship between naming, translation, and subject constitution via the analysis of forms of interpellation in colonial Angola. It engages critically with systemic/structural renderings of colonial society that portray social positions as oppositional to argue for a deconstructive approach attentive to historical disjunctions between naming and social positioning. Dwelling on core signifiers in Portuguese and Umbundu, the paper describes the iterative chain of substitutions through which subjects have been constituted, that is, reduced and transformed. For instance, how are the Umbundu status signifiers ocimbundu and ocindele reduced in their respective translations as "black" and "white"? How can translation both re-enact and challenge the constitution of racialized and ethnicized categories of difference? How is this related to transformations in Angolan history? The argument put forth challenges the conventional understanding of social categories in the context of Portuguese colonialism in Angola by arguing that the performativity of naming and translation constitutes subjects via both fixation and displacement. Therefore, the possibility of transformation does not lie in the intentional action of subjects, but in their capacity to operate within the fractures of the relationship between language and society by drawing on disjunctions between signifier and signified, names and social positioning, subjective constitution and sociopolitical context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses Angola's long-run and short-run money demand, identifying its determinants using data from January 2000 to August 2013. A theoretical model is presented and the estimated results show that money mass, income, inflation, exchange rate and interest rates are cointegrated, revealing a long-run equilibrium relationship between these variables. The cointegration relationship is unstable in the short run. The results are in line with the monetary policy undertaken by the Central Bank of Angola and also in line with published papers on money demand. Policy implication is derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific exchange correspondence of the Dundo Museum Biology Laboratory (Angola), included in the archive of António de Barros Machado (1912–2002) and Dora Lustig (1907–1986), constitutes a valuable repository of information for the history of contemporary science, particularly in the field of natural sciences—botany, entomology, mammals, ornithology, primates, reptiles, termites, zoogeography, zoology—and of biology. This paper describes the application of the Records in Contexts model to the correspondence collection, with the aim of representing two realities: its production context and the relationships between scientists. The exploration of the model sought to understand its fundamentals and, simultaneously, model the information, starting by identifying the entities, attributes and relations needed for the collection representation scheme. This study resulted in a modelling exercise of the relations between 11 correspondents and the director of the Dundo Museum Biology Laboratory, Barros Machado, regarding the work on the museum collections which culminated in the publication of scientific articles in Publicações Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola [Cultural Publications of the Diamond Company of Angola]. In the future, it is proposed to apply the same scheme to the description of the remaining scientists in the epistolary collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the composition of families in the parish of São José de Encoge, northern Angola, in the early colonial era, using a series of 'family bulletins' collected by the Portuguese colonial government in 1910. Encoge was one of the earliest centres of coffee cultivation in west-central Africa. While not all local families participated in this economy, the census sheds light on family-based cash-crop production after the abolition of slavery in Angola. The literature on post-slavery labour arrangements in Africa almost unanimously suggests that family-extension strategies predominantly aimed to integrate young women and girls into households, using pawnship and guardianship as important methods. The family bulletins from Encoge provide a means to evaluate this assumption on a quantitative basis in an Angolan context. They indicate that, besides natural reproduction and the adoption of second wives, the incorporation of wards, nephews, and nieces was the most common form of household extension, in which elders showed a remarkable preference for male dependants. The bulletins do not provide clear evidence of the presence of enslaved dependants, although some individuals listed as servants were possibly enslaved. Overall, the data suggest that, contrary to common assumptions about agricultural labour in Africa, family-based cultivation and trade of coffee did not discriminate against men or boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As efforts to harmonize policies globally intensify, developing countries increasingly face pressures to adopt international standards. Yet, we know little about the circumstances under which developing countries manage to circumvent such pressures, or about their strategies to maintain policy space. We explore under which conditions developing countries are willing and able to sustain mock‐compliance, a situation where countries comply on paper but not in practice. Using country comparisons of Angola's, Nigeria's, Tanzania's, and Vietnam's engagement with the Basel banking standards, we show how three factors combine to produce sustained mock‐compliance: high costs of outright non‐compliance due to outward‐orientated banking sectors; high political costs of substantive compliance; and state control over profitable markets. Our article contributes to theory‐building in the literature on compliance and structural power as well as to broader debates about developing countries' policy autonomy in their engagement with global financial norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between Earlier Stone Age (ESA) hominins and the southern African coastal environment has been poorly investigated, despite the high concentration of open-air sites in marine and fluvial terraces of the coastal plain from c. 1Ma onward during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Southern Africa provides some of the earliest evidence of coastal subsistence strategies since the end of the Middle Pleistocene, during the Middle Stone Age (MSA). These coastal MSA sites showcase the role of coastal environments in the emergence and development of modern human behaviors. Given the high prevalence of coastal ESA sites throughout the region, we seek to question the relationship between hominins and coastal landscapes much earlier in time. In this regard, the +100 m raised beaches of the Benguela Province, Angola, are key areas as they are well-preserved and contain a dense record of prehistoric occupation from the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene, including sites like Dungo, Mormolo, Sombreiro, Macaca and Punta das Vacas. Accordingly, this paper provides a critical review of the coastal ESA record of southern Africa and a detailed presentation of the Dungo IV site, through a qualitative technological analysis coupled with a quantitative inter-site comparison with contemporary southern African coastal plain sites. Through our detailed technological analyses, we highlight the influence of coastal lithological resources on the technical behaviors of hominin groups, and we propose the existence of a "regional adaptive strategy" in a coastal landscape more than 600 000 years ago. Finally, we argue for the integration of coastal landscapes into hominins' territories, suggesting that adaptation to coastal environments is actually a slower process which begins with "territorialization" well before the emergence and development of Homo sapiens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sand dams are simple and effective structures built across ephemeral riverbeds in arid/ semiarid regions to harvest water within sand pores and increase water availability and quality for rural communities. The complex morphological, hydrological, social, and economic conditions that make sand dams a beneficial tool for water resilience are largely influenced by the siting phase. Proper location of a sand dam can reduce communities' travel time to water points, reduce water conflicts, and increase food security through expansion of irrigated agriculture. On the other hand, a misplacement of sand dams can, at worst, increase disparities in water access and increase local conflicts. To approach a viable siting of sand dams, most projects are developed and delivered with the community through a bottom‐up approach. However, in the case of large‐scale projects, remote sensing and biophysical analysis are the dominant approach, leaving the socio‐economic component at the margins of the siting strategy and eventually affecting the benefits to local communities. In this paper, we propose a large‐scale participatory methodology to sand dams siting, which draws on mixed‐methods connecting the conventional top‐down biophysical analysis with bottom‐up participatory research. We first describe the generic approach developed for sand dams siting in Namibe, a semi‐arid region of Southwest of Angola, then we draw on our case to propose a generic approach to large‐scale participatory siting beyond Namibe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a country case study investigating whether home goods prices in Angola are better forecasted with innovations in the money market or with innovations in the real exchange rate. Using monthly data from 2007m03 to 2019m03, we propose a reduced form error correction representation to model the long-run and short-run relationships between money, the exchange rate, terms of trade, and the price level. In the long run, a stable money demand function and a relationship between the real exchange rate and terms of trade are identified. In the short run, results indicate that "excess depreciation" (defined as deviations of the exchange rate from its long-run relationship) outperforms the "excess liquidity" (defined as deviations of money from the level implied by the determinants of money demand) in forecasting changes in home goods prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a demand analysis of Angola seaports from 1996 to 2013 using the Berry, Levinsohn, and Pakes (BLP) demand model. The BLP is a random coefficient Logit demand model that takes into account the endogeneity of the price in the demand equation. The model reveals that seaports on Angola is explained by the average price, the price of maritime transport services, the price of substitute imports by airports, and by the income in the port region. The price is endogenous in demand equation and the endogeneity is taken into account in demand estimation. The price of air transportation is negative, and therefore it is a complementary good. The price of container handling is positive, and therefore it is a substitution good. Policy implication is also derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the mid 19th century, plantations began to spread across multiple geographies of the Global South. This paper discusses this particular institution and phenomena, by focusing on the Atlantic circulation of coffee plants, agronomic knowledge and racialized labour practices. Combining approaches from mobilities studies and history of technology, it argues that plantations are particularly well suited to grasp the dynamics of displacement and resettling, and to connect the global and the local scales. More specifically, this paper follows a group of men, directly or indirectly involved in the trade of enslaved persons from Angola to Brazil, and analyses what travelled along with them, namely, plantation artifacts, technologies and ideas about labour and race. By doing so, it unveils the hidden links between the Paraíba Valley and São Tomé, and shows how plantations moved between these localities, and adapted to different social and natural environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of African Studies is the property of Japan Association for African Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper we study the seasonal and interannual variability of the morphometric characteristics of the Benguela upwelling—shape, area, and length—using satellite measurements of the ocean surface temperature (sear surface temperature (SST)) for 1985–2016. The northern part of the Benguela Upwelling (NBU) (18°–26° S) is characterized by an increase in area from January to July and a minimum in August–December. In the northernmost part of the upwelling (18°–21° S), the largest area is observed in April–August, while it takes on minimal values in January–February and October–November. These changes are associated with the intensification of the southern Angola current, which occurs in February and October, the effect of which can be traced up to 24° S. The maximum in the southern part (28–32°C) of the Benguela upwelling (SBU) is observed for 1–2 months later in May–June, and SBU practically disappears in September–November. In the autumn months, the jet of the northern current of the Agulhas presses against the coast of Africa, contributing to a sharp decrease in the SBU area. On interannual scales, there is a pronounced variability in the upwelling area and the time of its peak. In this case, there is a trend towards an earlier onset of upwelling after 2010. In the northernmost part of the studied area, high values of the upwelling width (150 km) were observed at latitudes of 19°–22° S up to 2000. Then they sharply decrease and the average width decreases almost three times to 50 km. At the same time, there was a sharp increase in the area by the same amount of ~100 km2 at latitudes 23°–28° S. Thus, there was a sharp change in the upwelling shape, while the total upwelling area remained constant. The weakening and decrease in upwelling in its northernmost part is probably caused by the long-term strengthening of the Angola current, which is observed by altimetry data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I demonstrate how studios producing the Angolan electronic dance music (EDM) kuduro ('hard arse') in the capital Luanda are usefully investigated as social spaces of collective creativity. I triangulate interviews, observations, close listening and ethnographic participation. Researchers often portray kuduro and other EDM styles in the Global South using what I name the 'scarcity-resilience narrative'. This narrative gives short shrift to the rich cultural resources that feed into EDM styles. It perpetuates problematic stereotypes about African people and occludes the deliberate labour that kuduro practitioners ('kuduristas') invest in their craft. As kuduristas routinely affirm that sociability drives their interpersonal creative processes I portray kuduro studios as social spaces and construe kuduro's collective creativity through Extended Mind Theory (EMT). In my analysis, I first introduce kuduro studios in Luanda broadly and then focus on two influential kuduro studios: JUPSON and Guetto Produções. I show how kuduristas mobilise their collective creativity inside the studio by tapping into aesthetic strategies and conventions of the rich popular culture that surrounds them. Via EMT, I portray aesthetic duelling, puto-kota ('elder-younger') relationships, call-and-response and urban vocal strategies as collectively maintained social institutions. Inside the studio, kuduristas translate these rich resources into the sonic materiality of kuduro tracks which, in turn, are designed to achieve maximum audience response through mobilising the social institutions when radiating out into the world. This paper provides the first, fine-grained study of kuduro studios in Luanda. It de-centres the 'scarcity-resilience narrative' of Global South EDM by focusing on collective creativity and, as such, offers a fresh epistemological position on the study of music studios, Global South EDM and popular music in Angola. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban research is becoming more representative of multifaceted urban conditions, but even a more inclusive urban lens often gravitates towards the metropolis. In this paper, I introduce metropolitan bias as the excessive concentration of people, economic activity, resources, and knowledge production in and on an urban system's largest city. I illustrate the dynamics of metropolitan bias in the evolution of the Angolan system of cities and call for a perspective that recognizes the variegated political implications of metropolitan dominance for smaller cities. To this end, I highlight three entry points for future research: economic development, climate change, and governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Educación (Version impresa) is the property of Organizacion de Estados Iberoamericanos (OEI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fire Ecology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper argues that brick-and-mortar retail Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) can benefit significantly from the capabilities of mobile commerce (m-commerce) to respond to the unpredictable changes in the business environment, accommodate new consumer experiences, boost sales of products/services, and achieve a competitive advantage. Consequently, this study explored the potential application of the Technology–Organisation–Environment (TOE) framework for m-commerce by brick-and-mortar retail SMEs. The study adopted the positivist paradigm and followed a cross-sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 263 retail business personnel. The Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) software was used to analyse the data. The findings unveil that all the proposed constructs associated with the organisational context and technological context are critical for the use of m-commerce. The proposed framework provides a fresh set of contextual variables which align with brick-and-mortar retailer operations and mobile commerce practices. It is envisaged that the extended framework may help conventional businesses to understand and identify the requisite factors in the adoption and use of m-commerce and assist business supporters in the process of technological innovation transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of a biodiversity survey in the arid western interior of South Africa, two new species of dionychan spiders were collected and are described herein. The prodidomid genus Namundra Platnick & Bird, 2007, previously known from arid parts of Namibia and Angola, is recorded from South Africa for the first time, and N. murphyi sp. n. is described from a single female. Scanning electron micrographs, based on juvenile specimens only, detail some aspects of the fine morphology of this enigmatic genus for the first time. A new species of the trochanteriid genus Platyoides O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891, P. robertsi sp. n., is described from three females. DNA barcodes (cytochrome oxidase subunit I, COI) are provided for all of the specimens included in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper revisits the issue of verb raising in two closely related languages, namely Angolan Portuguese (AP) and Mozambican Portuguese (MP). Cinque's (cartographic) hierarchy of adverbs is used to examine microvariation in these two varieties of Portuguese. The empirical data, gathered through experiments on acceptability rating tasks (to detect the position of the V(erb) in relation to adverbs) and cloze tests (to diagnose the adverbial classes which can be recovered by the elliptical VP), have been collected among university students in Luanda and Maputo, the capitals of Angola and Mozambique, respectively. The cutting points within the functional hierarchy where the V goes, be it mandatorily or optionally, are different in the two languages. In AP, the verb must raise past the frustrative aspect adverb (em vão/à toa 'in vain'), while in MP the verb must raise to the left of the singular completive adverb (tudo 'everything'). The main verb cannot raise past the AspTerminative adverb (já não/não mais 'no longer') in MP. In AP, it can optionally raise over the highest projection in the inflectional domain. Such a difference may explain the recovery of high adverbs in VP-ellipsis structures, only possible in AP. The corollary of the inter-linguistic study developed for Comparative Syntax is the adequacy of the cartographic démarche when it comes to establishment of strict boundaries in the study of microvariation among closely related grammars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background Many studies have assessed the level of bed net coverage in populations at risk of malaria infection. These revealed large variations in bed net use across countries, regions and social strata. Such studies are often aimed at identifying populations with low access to bed nets that should be prioritized in future interventions. However, often spatial differences in malaria endemicity are not taken into account. By ignoring variability in malaria endemicity, these studies prioritize populations with little access to bed nets, even if these happen to live in low endemicity areas. Conversely, populations living in regions with high malaria endemicity will receive a lower priority once a seizable proportion is protected by bed nets. Adequately assigning priorities requires accounting for both the current level of bed net coverage and the local malaria endemicity. Indeed, as shown here for 23 African countries, there is no correlation between the level of bed net coverage and the level of malaria endemicity in a region. Therefore, the need for future interventions can not be assessed based on current bed net coverage alone. This paper proposes the Adjusted Bed net Coverage (ABC) statistic as a measure taking into account both local malaria endemicity and the level of bed net coverage. The measure allows setting priorities for future interventions taking into account both local malaria endemicity and bed net coverage. Methods A mathematical formulation of the ABC as a weighted difference of bed net coverage and malaria endemicity is presented. The formulation is parameterized based on a model of malaria epidemiology Trends Parasitol 25:511-516, 2009. By parameterizing the ABC based on this model, the ABC as used in this paper is proxy for the steady-state malaria burden given the current level of bed net coverage. Data on the bed net coverage in under five year olds and malaria endemicity in 23 Sub- Saharan countries is used to show that the ABC prioritizes different populations than the level of bed net coverage by itself. Data from the following countries was used: Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo Democratic Republic, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The priority order given by the ABC and the bed net coverage are compared at the countries' level, the first level administrative divisions and for five different wealth quintiles. Results Both at national level and at the level of the administrative divisions the ABC suggests a different priority order for selecting countries and divisions for future interventions. When taking into account malaria endemicity, measures assessing equality in access to bed nets across wealth quintiles, such as slopes of inequality, are prone to change. This suggests that when assessing inequality in access to bed nets one should take into account the local malaria endemicity for populations from different wealth quintiles. Conclusion Taking into account malaria endemicity highlights different countries, regions and socio-economic strata for future intervention than the bed net coverage by itself. Therefore, care should be taken to factor out any effects of local malaria endemicity in assessing bed net coverage and in prioritizing populations for further scale-up of bed net coverage. The ABC is proposed as a simple means to do this that is derived from an existing model of malaria epidemiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to focus on the mental health of two immigrants supported by a non-profit organisation on the outskirts of Lisbon. The ethnography sets out the discourse of these users who are also residents of Terraços da Ponte, a social housing neighbourhood, and the workers who try to help them in the context of the non-profit organisation's endeavours. Design/methodology/approach: In order to explore the intersections between these users and state and non-state structures, this investigation relied on intensive fieldwork at a rehabilitated neighbourhood in Lisbon, as well as semi-directive interviews and life stories taken with workers of the institution and the people they were trying to help. Findings: This paper shows how vulnerability has been produced in a social housing neighbourhood on the outskirts of Lisbon and how it connects to neoliberal policies employed by NGOs acting on the field. Research limitations/implications: Any general conclusions about the subject need to take into consideration that this research looks at the work of a specific non-profit organisation during a particular period in time. Practical implications: This research seeks not only to promote a critical approach to the subject, but also to contribute to the production of appropriate health policies for the immigrant population residing in Portugal. Originality/value: The analysis of health and social care practices regarding so-called vulnerable subjects relies heavily on "a mix of good intentions, developmental ambitions, paternalistic attitudes and desire to control deviant populations" (Pussetti and Barros, 2012, p. 47). Although there is not a single solution to this problem, several levels of analysis were explored: the non-profits' goals and inspirations, the workers motivations, the subjects' expectations regarding the kind of help they can get from these services and their ability to exert their own agency despite the conditions governing their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]