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A total of 150 soil samples were collected from 0-30 cm depth and 58 groundwater samples from Bapatla and Karla Palem mandals of Gunutr district, Andhra Pradesh for assessment of properties of soil and quality of groundwater. The textura classes of soils were sandy, loamy sand and sandy loam. Correlation coefficients of soil properties were worked out between ionic composition and physico-chemical properties of soil. The ionic composition of soil and groundwater were predominant with Na+, Cl-, Mg2+, Ca2+ and HCO3 ions, around 44 per cent of soils the study area is under moderate to severe salinity. The soils were grouped based on soil reaction (pH), electrical conductivity (ECe) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), soils under different cropping systems were analysed for salinity and alkalinity. As per the groundwater quality for irrigation 34.48% samples were good, 25.86% samples were marginally saline, 8.62% samples were high SAR saline, 22.41% samples alkali, 8.62% were high SAR alkali. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to assess the soil properties, land use and livelihood options of salt-affected areas in YSR Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India during 2020. One hundred and fifty-eight soil samples in salt-affected mandals were collected at two depths, viz. 0--30 cm and 30--60 cm at 79 locations. They were analysed for different physical and chemical properties. Sandy loam texture was predominant in 56.96% of samples and 35.44% of subsurface samples. This was followed by sandy clay loam in 18.98% surface and 34.20% subsurface samples. pH2 of soil varied from 7.5 to 10.6 and 7.3 to 10.6 for the surface and subsurface soils respectively. ECe was in the range 0.4 --46.0 dS m--1 in surface soils and 0.4--33.0 dS m--1 in the subsurface soils. Residual sodium carbonate of the surface soils was in the range --63.8 to 47.8 meq/l and it was --51.6 to 68.6 meq/l for subsurface samples. Sodium adsorption ratio ranged from 0.78 to 70.0 on the surface and from 0.52 to 65.3 in subsurface soils. Exchangeable sodium percentage range from 0.9 to 80.5 and 0.6 to 75.1 in the surface and subsurface soil samples respectively. Cation exchange capacity 3.17 to 43.26 cmol (p+) kg--1 characterized surface soils, while values 5.94 to 63.51 cmol (p+) kg--1 characterized subsurface soils. The problem soils, namely saline, saline-alkali and alkali soils, were present under various land-use categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism plays a significant role in today's modern economic structure and is been a key driver in social progress. This sector has been identified as the only sector that involves a majority percentage of populace, directly or indirectly, for earning a decent livelihood. This reflects the fact that the tourism is fast turning into a volume game where an ever-burgeoning number of participants are pushing up revenues of industry players (hotels, tour operators, airlines, shipping lines, etc) and thus offers an interesting investment opportunity for long term investors. In this paper we through a light on the service provider perceptions on various parameters relating to their satisfaction on their revenue, Eco tourism and its sustainability. Primary data was collected from 379 Service providers, the data was analysed and the findings and suggestions were made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Assessment and mapping of quality of irrigated groundwater may help the farmers in selection of suitable crops and other agronomic management practices for getting profitable yields without affecting the soil health. The spatial maps of different parameters, prepared using GIS could be valuable for policy makers. Methods: A survey was undertaken during the year 2021 to assess the quality of groundwater for irrigation in various mandals of Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh. A total of 492 samples were collected and GPS locations of sampling points were recorded. The water samples were analyzed for various chemical properties viz., pH, EC, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+ and K+; CO3-2, HCO3-, Cl- and SO4-2. Result: The pH, EC, SAR and RSC in groundwater ranged from 6.7-8.4, 0.4-10.7 (dSm-1), 0.43-36.4 (mmol l-1)1/2, -66.8-15.4 (me l-1). The concentration of cations viz., Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+ and K+ varied from 0.8-28.4, 0-43.2, 0.73-70.1 and 0.001-51.76 me l-1 with mean values of 4.23, 3.86, 5.29 and 0.22 me l-1 respectively. Concentration of anions viz., CO3-2, HCO3-, Cl- and SO4-2 varied from 0-1.8, 0.88-15.4, 0.4-59.6 and 0.21-17.08 me l-1 with an average values of 0.22, 6.42, 5.33 and 2.29 me l-1 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water samples collected from various locations in Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh (AP), India were analysed for quality parameters, namely reaction (pH), salinity, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+; CO- 3 2, HCO-3, Cl- and SO4-2. The pH fell in the range 6.5-8.1, electrical conductivity (EC) from 0.4 to 11.1 (dS m-1), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) from 0.4 to 41.2 (mmol l-1)1/2 and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) from -52.4 to 16.2 (meq l-1). The presence of positively charged ions, namely calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium varied from 0.4 to 46.0, 1.2 to 16.4, 0.76 to 60.1 and 0.002 to 11.78 meq l-1 respectively. The concentration of bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphates varied from 0 to 2.0, 1.0 to 17.6, 0.4 to 76.0 and 0.3 to 14.8 me l-1 respectively. The dominance of ions for majority of the samples was Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg+2 > K+ for positively charged ions and HCO-3 > Cl- > SO4-2 > CO-3 for negatively charged ions. According to classification of irrigation water by the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India, 53.18% water samples is good, 21.88% marginally saline, 0.3% saline, 4.56% high SAR saline, 6.69% marginally alkaline, 7.90% alkaline and 5.47% highly alkaline. Spatial variability of pH, EC, SAR, RSC and groundwater quality in Kadapa district, AP was demonstrated using GIS maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]