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This research work will review at-hand literature about the use of Quality Circle model to assist teachers in higher education to integrate critical thinking skills into the classroom setting. The study could lead to enhanced insights into human behavior conduct within the educational settings in order to promote greater skills in decision making and problem solving. It is suggested that higher education organizations should begin using quality circles as means of improving communication and collaborative activities among teachers and students. Theory is indispensable in education; therefore, educational decision makers should be able to use this important tool for the daily educational and pedagogical operations.

In addressing the critical challenge of developing sustainable energy solutions for electric vehicle (EV) battery charging, this study introduces an innovative direct current (DC) microgrid system optimized for areas with high solar irradiance, such as Ain El Ibel, Djelfa. The research confronts two primary difficulties: maximizing solar energy utilization in the microgrid system and ensuring system stability and response accuracy for reliable EV charging. To tackle these challenges, the study presents two original achievements. Firstly, it develops a neural network-enhanced Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller, which is further optimized with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to increase the efficiency of solar energy capture. Secondly, it refines the system's reliability through the advanced calibration of a Fractional Order Proportional-Integral (FOPI) controller using the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) technique, marking a notable improvement in microgrid system stability and response accuracy. The integration of a solar panel array, battery storage, and a supercapacitor, coupled with these advanced optimization techniques, exemplifies a significant leap forward in enhancing efficiency and reliability of EV battery charging through renewable energy sources. Comprehensive simulation and evaluation of the system underscore its superiority over conventional methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of combining neural network-based optimization with PSO and GWO. This breakthrough not only advances the field of renewable energy, particularly for solar-powered EV charging stations, but also aligns with global efforts towards sustainable transportation solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic & Regional Studies/Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rock fall accidents in mountainous cliff areas have significant consequences for human life and transportation. This study aimed to evaluate the rockfall hazard in the Cap Aokas cliff region located along the northeast coast of Algeria by identifying the key factors contributing to rockfall occurrence. We employed a combination of kinematic analysis, Matterocking method, and 3D trajectory simulations to determine zones that are susceptible to rockfall mobilization. By using a probabilistic and structural approach in conjunction with photogrammetry, we identified the controlling factors. The kinematic analysis revealed the presence of five discontinuity families, which indicated both plane and wedge failure modes. The 3D trajectory simulations demonstrated that the falling blocks followed the stream direction. We then validated the susceptibility maps generated from the analysis using aerial photos and historical rockfall events. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of rockfall phenomena and provide valuable insights for the development of effective strategies to mitigate rockfall hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Setifian high-plains region, Northeast of Algeria, grapples with challenges in water resource management. As the water demand intensifies across a diverse range of sectors, assessing groundwater quality becomes indispensable. This article responds to the critical need for a thorough assessment of groundwater quality in the Wadi Boussellam sub-watershed. Employing a GIS-based method, we evaluate groundwater geochemistry by estimating the Water Quality Index (WQI), offering a comprehensive overview of water consumption. The analysis of groundwater samples reveals distinct facies, including calcic bicarbonate, calcic chloride, calcic sulfate, and magnesium sulfate, contributing to an enhanced understanding of the hydrochemical composition in the Setif region. Hydrochemical indices, specifically the WQI, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), and Na% are applied to assess groundwater suitability for various applications. The results indicate that most crops are generally suitable for irrigation, though they advise exercising caution with regard to human consumption. This study underscores the significance of regular monitoring to avert groundwater contamination and ensure sustainable use in the Setif region, providing insights that emphasize the ongoing necessity for efforts in water resource management and the preservation of this vital resource's quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the liquid limit (LL) of fine-grained soils is crucial in geotechnical site investigations. For a long time, the Casagrande Percussion Cup (CPC) test has been the standard method for this purpose. Although the Fall Cone Test (FCT) provides more repeatable results compared to the CPC test, its utilization remains limited in Algeria. To assess the effectiveness of the FCT, a comparative study was conducted using mixtures of bentonite and natural soils from Algeria. The choice of bentonite as an additive to soils with low plasticity is in order to formulate new samples with a wide range of plasticity. Our results showed that the LLCONE values slightly exceeded the LLCUP values for natural soil samples with medium plasticity. However, for soils with high and extreme plasticity, the LLCONE values significantly underestimated the LLCUP values. To address this issue, an equation was developed to convert LLCONE measurements to LLCUP values. This equation is consistent with previous literature and could help promote the adoption of the FCT method for geotechnical site investigations in Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores the impact of surface orientation and tilt on incident solar irradiation. It was conducted in M'Sila, an Algerian province, from February to June. A number of experiments were carried out using an experimental setup consisting of a heliometer and a slant changer, which allowed for the variation of the tilt angle. Nineteen tilt angles ranging from 0° to 90° were investigated for the four main directions: North, South, East, and West. The obtained outcomes were statistically analyzed. At east and south orientations, incident solar irradiance rose as a function of tilt angle, reaching a maximum at the optimal angle, and then gradually decreased. Generally, the incident solar irradiance decreased as the tilt angle increased in the case of west and north orientations. The tilt angle of the exposed surface as well as the sun's elevation in the sky affected the amount of intercepted energy significantly at each orientation (p<0.05). When the sun was low in the sky, the south orientation was most preferred for an inclination greater than or equal to 25°. The north-facing surfaces with steep slopes (β ≥ 55°) received the least amount of solar radiation. These results hold great importance, particularly in the building sector, as they can be utilized to achieve energy saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given their substantial neutron capture cross-section, extreme hardness, and high chemical and thermal stability, boron-based materials are widely used as building blocks to protect against highly ionizing radiations such as gamma rays and neutrons. Indeed, uncontrolled nuclear radiation exposure can be highly hazardous to radiation workers and the general public. In this sense, this work presents an extensive study and experimental evaluation of the nuclear shielding features of boron carbide (B4C) based nanocomposite, where bisphenol-A based polybenzoxazine (BA-PBz) was used as matrix. The latter was used for its wide range of interesting properties that overcome some of the shortcomings of conventional phenolic resins. A two-pot synthesis process was adopted for the synthesis of (BA-Bz) monomer. Moreover, the boron carbide nanoparticles were treated with a silane (KH-560) coupling agent in order to improve the intramolecular interactions with the polymeric matrix. The neutron shielding studies were carried out at the Nuclear Research reactor of Algeria NUR. The results showed that the developed boron carbide-based nanocomposite exhibits intriguing shielding performances and good thermal stability. The highest performances were obtained at a B4C concentration of 5. wt %, where the macroscopic cross section was found to be (Σ = 3.3878 cm−1) with a screening ratio of (S = 97.78%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Les Cahiers du CREAD is the property of Centre de Rrecherche en Economie Appliquee pour Developpement and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Given their substantial neutron capture cross-section, extreme hardness, and high chemical and thermal stability, boron-based materials are widely used as building blocks to protect against highly ionizing radiations such as gamma rays and neutrons. Indeed, uncontrolled nuclear radiation exposure can be highly hazardous to radiation workers and the public. In this sense, this work presents an extensive study and experimental evaluation of the nuclear shielding features of hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN) based nanocomposite, where bisphenol-A based polybenzoxazine (BA-PBz) was used as matrix. The neutron shielding studies were carried out at the nuclear research reactor of Algeria NUR. The surface treatment of h-BN nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR and XPS techniques. The curing behavior and the degradation phenomena of the nanocomposites were evaluated by DSC-TGA analyses. The distribution of h-BN nanoparticles within the polymer matrix was assessed by TEM and SEM. The results showed that the developed boron nitride-based nanocomposite exhibits intriguing shielding performances and good thermal stability. The DSC-TGA tests exhibit high degradation temperature that reach 279°C. The highest performances were obtained at an h-BN concentration of 7 wt%, where the macroscopic cross was found to be (Σ = 3.844 cm–1) with a screening ratio of (S = 96.12%), equivalent to a mean free path (λ) of 0.138 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the coldest days of 2022 in the Djelfa region, Algeria, were determined using astronomical and climatic data. The timing of sunrise, sunset, and duration of sunlight, as well as changes in solar radiation intensity and air temperature, were analyzed. By converting solar radiation into heat and solving differential equations, the study examined water exit temperature, thermal energy, and total yield as outputs of a renewable energy converter. The effect of different glass coverings on these outputs was also investigated. The coldest day in 2022 was found to be the first day of January, with nine hours and 43 minutes of sunlight, a maximum solar radiation intensity of 670.34 MW/m², and a maximum air temperature of 16.9 °C. The outputs of the solar center followed a parabolic pattern for the first two parameters and increased over time for the remaining outputs, regardless of the glass type. However, using glass with a high emission coefficient, such as clear monochromatic glass, resulted in the highest values for the outputs: 52.57 °C, 7.5 kW, 162 MW, and 70.62%. By understanding solar energy conversion and thermal behavior, the study contributes to energy-efficient designs and renewable integration, aiding in sustainable urban development. Findings can inform decision-makers in optimizing material selection, promoting resilient infrastructure, and advancing sustainable practices for a low-carbon future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sinkhole collapse is one of the major hazards for people and property in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, especially if the bedrock structure is karstic, covered by unconsolidated material. Our study identifies localized deformation that may be caused by a sinkhole activity based on the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) technique in Setifian high plains. For this task; we applied 2-D Wenner and Wenner-Schlumberger transects. The geological and hydrogeological investigations helped calibrate the resistivity model and in this regard, expound on the proneness of the limestone layer to collapse. The obtained model highlights the heterogeneity of the subsurface. The inverted transects allowed the investigation of 20 m depth with Wenner array and 52 m with Wenner-Schlumberger. The Wenner inverted models imaged the chimney and different karst networks until 20 m depth; even as the Wenner-Schlumberger models imaged a new karstic cavity in the limestone layer. Electrical tomography imaging has once again proven its effectiveness in mapping sinkholes based on its ability to detect resistivity. Our research can certainly benefit karst collapse management in other areas of the Setifian high plain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sahara's Nememcha mountains chain suffers from a significant lack of large-scale geological information. In the Bir Later region with complex morpho-structural settings and arid climate conditions; geological maps have not been yet completed by competent authorities. However, this region harbours Algeria's largest phosphate mine; with its reserves estimated at more than one billion tons of ore grading 20% phosphorus pentoxide. Geomatic-based techniques of Multisource Remote Sensing data allow the classification and identification of the lithologic features. The adopted method quarries the spectral signal, the alteration processes, and the thickness of the rocky banks. For this task, we apply Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF), directional filters, and unsupervised classification (K-Means data) techniques to calibrate and correct Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel-2A multispectral images. A petrographic study with field and laboratory work was carried out in order to confirm the machine description of the different facies. The results showed that the proposed lithology classification scheme can achieve accurate classification of all lithologic types, in the Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Holocene deposits of the study area. The lithological map obtained from the GIS-RS-Processing is highly correlated with our field survey. Therefore, multispectral image data (Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel-2A) coupled with an advanced image enhancement technique and field surveys are recommended as a rapid and cost-effective tool for lithologic discrimination and mapping. The experimental results fully demonstrated the advantages of the reliance on laboratory tests in the sensed lithology validation in an arid area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enterococcus genus is one of the opportunistic pathogens and responsible for mastitis in dairy animals. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of enterococci associated with subclinical mastitis in goat, cow and camels in Algeria and to assess their antimicrobial resistance profiles. A total of 374 milk samples from udder quarters were tested for a subclinical mastitis (SCM) using the CMT. The positive samples were subjected to microbiological analysis for identification of Enterococcus spp by biochemical and molecular techniques using 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Eight strains of enterococci were tested to their antibiotic sensitivity profiles. The data revealed that 34, 31% of samples showed presence of SCM, meanwhile Enterococcus spp were occurred in 38.9% of positive milk. According to phenotypic criteria, 50 isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecium 70% (35/50) followed by Enterococcus faecalis 18% (9/50) and 12 % (6/50) were nonenterococci. Only eight isolates were confirmed to be Enterococcus spp using 16S rDNA sequencing technique. The antibiotic susceptibility showed that 85.5 % and 62.5% of Enterococcus feacium were resistant to Oxacillin and Penicillin respectively, while most of isolates were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin. In this study, Vancomycinresistant enterococci (VRE) were found in 37.5% of isolates. Nevertheless, 62.5% of the tested strains displayed multi-drug resistances (MDR) across different patterns. This study highlights virulence and harmfulness of Enterococcus strains isolated from subclinical mastitic milk, which suggest continuous inspection and monitoring of dairy animals in Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heating capacity of an earth to air heat exchanger EAHE equipped with an exterior fan in the arid region like the Southwest of Algeria is investigated experimentally. In-situ measurement of annual undisturbed subsoil vertical temperature profile is shown that it was 28°C at a depth of 1.5 meters. The EAHE made of 66 meters of PVC tube is demonstrated a heating capacity of 13°C and a cooling capacity of 7°C and a big dependence on local climate conditions. Great potentials and thermal comfort with less energy consumption are represented by earth to air or air-ground heat exchanger in the arid regions like the South of Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metal pollution is a challenging concern that threatens the soil environment and human health worldwide. The purpose of this work is to assess the heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb) pollution in the urban and peri-urban soils in and around Setif city, eastern Algeria. The work combines chemical analysis of thirty-six soil samples, statistical valuation and interpretation of chemical data and pollution indices (geoaccumulation index, pollution index, and integrated pollution index) with thematic mapping. The average concentrations (in mg/kg) of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were found < 0.02, 43.35, 43.75, 331.20, and 78.26 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the French regulatory limits (AFNOR U44-041), Cd, Cr, and Cu still non-hazardous at Setif city scale; however, Zn and Pb concentrations are two to three times higher than the background values referred to the Chinese B n standard (GB15618-1995). The pollution indices indicate that Pb and Zn represent the highest threats among the studied pollutants and polluted wide areas of anthropogenic activities located respectively in the oldest district of the city, near the industrial zone and near uncontrolled landfill of domestic and industrial waste. Cu, Pb, and Zn originate seemly from vehicle emission, particles of brakes and tires, and industrial emissions. However, Cr distribution is uncorrelatable with anthropogenic sources. The Cr with an average concentration less than the background value derives seemly from animal feces and organic fertilizers. The integrated pollution index shows that the accumulation of heavy metals in the soils of Setif city from anthropogenic sources reached alarming levels that can disperse into the environment and threaten the human health. The urbanization and industrial development of Setif city are expected to grow and a subsequent heavy metal pollution will be rising prior issue. Corrective measures should be endeavored by the local authorities to mitigate the current environmental situation and a sustainable development plan for the city should be anticipated to guarantee optimal future environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioclimatic design is a design process that takes into account climate and environmental conditions when designing for optimum thermal comfort with minimum outside energy use. The present study intends to highlight the role of the bioclimatic analysis in design operations at both urban and architectural scale in Guelma city, Algeria. As our challenge is to provide a precise analysis of the climatic conditions, we have resorted to several methods and bioclimatic tools using climatic data from the decade from 2008 to 2017. Each tool consists of presenting and following the intersection of one or more climatic parameters with respect to time. As a result, we have located the bioclimatic floor to which Guelma city belongs, the overheating, the under heating and the comfortable zones have been determined. The findings are significant to draw up the main recommendations and requirements for a bioclimatic design for Guelma city in particular and for regions with semi-arid climate in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work investigated the ability of antagonistic microorganisms to inhibit the growth of pathogenic strains responsible for the vascular fusarium wilt of date palm or Bayoud's disease. The objective was to evaluate the antagonistic effect of native strains of Trichoderma longibarchiatum, Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp. and one isolate of Bacillus sp. against four isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis (Foa) under in vitro conditions. The isolates Bacillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were isolated from soil samples of the rhizosphere of date palm of Tamanrasset region in Algeria, these strains were morphologically identified, and a dual culture confrontation was carried out, placing the Foa in the center of the Petri dish and Bacillus sp. in the two cardinal points. For T. longibarchiatum, Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp. they were confronted against Foa with a dual confrontation, the inhibition rates were determined, and a percentage of inhibition obtained varied from 64.29 to 65.75%; 57.14 to 64.29% and 36.36 to 52.05% for T. longibarchiatum, Penicillium sp and Fusarium sp. respectively. While Bacillus sp. exhibits the lowest percentage of inhibition in this study, and they were less than 16.67%. Comparison of mean value for each pair between T. longibrachiatum, Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp. on one hand and Bacillus sp. on the other hand concluded that there is a highly significant difference between these three fungal isolates and Bacillus sp. concerning inhibition rates with P-value (P <0.0001). Contrary, no significant difference was observed between T. longibrachiatum and Penicillium sp. with P = 0.1895 and the two antagonists show the same letter A in the letter connection ratio, which means no difference in the level of inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Located in the arid climatic zone of Algeria, the region of Ain Sefra is a victim of climatic change, which faces several geographical, ecological, economic and even social problems. The present study investigated the relationships between various drought indices and the evolution of land use elements in Ain Sefra from 1977 to 2017 using the Modified Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index. It was revealed that there is a considerable growth of sands estimated at 286.61% of the area, moving toward the north and northeast of the study area during the last decades. The combination of drought indices and remote sensing seems to be most promising, whose results are valuable tools for guidance and decision support to local and regional authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Upper Jurassic rocks of the El Bayadh Area (Central Saharan Atlas, Algeria) are composed of mixed siliciclastic-carbonate rocks, which were roughly assigned to a Kimmeridgian-Hauterivian age in previous studies. Based on our studies, the succession can be subdivided into five new formations; from base to top: the Theniet Et-Temar, Ksel, Laguremi, Boualem, and the Sfissifa formations. Brachiopod faunas have been recorded from two levels. The lower one is located in the Theniet Et-Temar Formation, and the upper one in the Sfissifa Formation. Two brachiopod species Lacunosella (Lacunosella) arolica and Moeschia alata from the first level and Xestosina arguta from the second level have been recorded for the first time not only in Algeria but also in Africa. Based on the new findings, the age of the studied section can be restricted to the middle Oxfordian at the base and to the upper Kimmeridgian at the top. The stratigraphic successions between the two levels are nearly barren except for dinosaur footprints, which were tentatively assigned to a Lower Cretaceous age by previous workers. However, this succession can be attributed to an upper Oxfordian-lower Kimmeridgian age now based on its brachiopod faunas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives of the work are to understand the challenges related to the technical performance and reliability of crystalline silicon solar cells in hot desert climates, where heat and high UV experienced in the region pose a challenge for the optimal performance. A comprehensive analysis on performance degradation and failure modes of c-Si modules in Algeria desert climate was carried out. Several modules were tested using an IV tracer and visual inspection. The modules have been in the field for considerable time (6 to 11 years). Results revealed some defects, such as; physical material defects, decreasing in the cell shunt resistance and increase in the cell series resistance that have mainly contributed in drop of output power. The hot desert climates affect the performance and lifetime of silicon solar cells negatively. This study is important for accurate prediction of performance, degradation, fatigue failure and reliability of PV panels, especially for PV installation in particular geographic regions as hot climatic zones. • Experiences were carried out at research unit of URER-MS, Algeria. • Performance and degradation analysis for long term reliability was carried. • Assessment consists of I-V curves field measurements and visual inspections. • Output power drop and physical material defect have been discussed. • Increasing in cell series resistance has mainly contributed to degradation performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the anti-termite potential of four Saharan plant extracts, namely, the apple of Sodom or rubber bush, Calotropis procera; pergularia, Pergularia tomentosa; jimsonweed, Datura stramonium, and Egyptian henbane, Hyoscyamus muticus from Bechar (southwest of Algeria) on workers of the harvester termite, Anacanthotermes ochraceus (Isoptera: Hodotermitidae). A direct contact application test was conducted with five fractions from aqueous extracts of each part of plant species (leaves, stems) using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and exhausted fraction. A repellent test was realized with aqueous extracts (10%) of plant species leaves and stems. According to the direct contact application test, all tested plants fractions showed termiticidal activities with different degrees. Butanolic fractions presented the best effects from leaves of C. procera and P. tomentosa with median lethal time (LT50) = 231.03 and 244.96 min, respectively. In the second test, wood samples were exposed to termite attack for four weeks, and the weight loss percentage was determined. The weight loss ranged from 0.034 to 16.90% at concentrations of 10% of plant extracts. The best repellent effect was obtained from leaves of C. procera (weight loss = 0.034%) and leaves of D. stramonium (weight loss = 1.29%). It was concluded that some Saharan plants are a good source of anti-termite compounds, especially C. procera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arid regions around the world are characterized by hard summer and winter seasons, which leads to thermal discomfort. The southwest of Algeria is classified as an arid region, where the temperature in the summer season passes sometimes 50 °C in the shade and reaches negative values in the winter season. In addition, the yearly relative humidity is below 50%. The hard thermal and hygrometric situation requires actions to fulfill the thermal comfort requirements. Air-conditioning systems are a solution, but at the same time, they are responsible for a big amount of energy consumption in the building sector. In the present paper, an experimental investigation is conducted on the performance of a coupled system: earth-to-air heat exchanger and a solar chimney. The main purpose is to reduce costs and maximize the direct effect between the two techniques. The obtained results showed that the new system was able to create two main thermal regimes in the same day. The first one is a 'heating' by increasing the outlet air temperature passing through the buried pipe and solar chimney to reach a maximum gain of 14 °C in day 3. The second thermal regime is the 'cooling' that is made by reducing the air temperature at the EAHE outlet by 11.6 °C on day 5. It is also observed that the system increases the outlet air relative humidity by 46% due to the condensation phenomena and reduces it sometimes by 45%. The recent model made of the two techniques was able to produce between 3 and 20 Watts of heating/cooling capacity at the outlet of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the Middle Oxfordian sediments of the Theniet Et-Temar Formation in the Central Saharan Atlas (NW Algeria), which was located in the southwestern part of the Tethys Ocean during the Late Jurassic. Using microfacies analysis and δ13C carb isotopes, this research aims to elucidate the sedimentological and isotopic signatures of these sediments. Ten microfacies types were identified and grouped into four facies associations: nearshore (FA1), inner lagoon (FA2), shoal bar (FA3), and outer lagoon (FA4). Sequence stratigraphy, employing the T-R sequence concept, delineates the evolutionary stages of the studied succession into prograding deltaic front facies (LST1), retrogradational open marine facies (TST2), and deltaic plain facies within the highstand systems tract (HST2). Stable carbon isotopes from three sections namely, El Bayadh, Ghassoul, and Sidi Tifour of the Middle Oxfordian (Transversarium Zone) provide insights into carbon cycle perturbations and paleoenvironmental conditions. There are two δ13C carb excursions in the studied sections. A major positive excursion in the El Bayadh, Ghassoul and Sidi Tifour sections shows similar records in both southern (Saudi Arabia, Iraq) and northern Tethys regions (France, Poland, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland, and Uzbekistan). The negative δ13C carb shifts with values of −2.77‰ at the top of the Ghassoul section and −2.28‰ in the middle member of the Sidi Tifour section are coupled with more negative δ18O carb values suggesting alteration of isotopic values due to meteoric diagenesis. The variations in carbon isotopes suggest synchronous changes in the global marine dissolved inorganic carbon pool, potentially influenced by sea level fluctuations, climatic changes, and/or Jurassic dysoxic to anoxic events. • Carbon isotope and microfacies variations are studied from the Middle Oxfordian of Algeria. • Ten microfacies types ranging from nearshore to outer lagoon environments were identified. • Carbon cycle perturbations were recorded from the Oxfordian of Algeria for the first time. • Studied deposits correlate with coeval deposits from N and S Tethyan margins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jurassic Lower Carbonate Group in the Aïn Ouarka area of Western Saharan Atlas, Algeria, is represented by six formations, from base to top: Hettangian Chemarikh Dolostone, Early Sinemurian–Pliensbachian Aïn Ouarka Limestone, Toarcian Aïn Rhezala Limestone, Aalenian–Late Bajocian Raknet El Kahla Limestone Breccia, Late Bajocian Theniet El Klakh, and Late Bajocian–Bathonian Tifkirt Limestone formations. From the microfacies analysis, six microfacies types (MF1–MF6) have been recognized and grouped into three associations developed during a transgressive–regressive cycle: (a) inner ramp facies association; (b) middle ramp facies association; and (c) outer ramp facies association. The mineralogical analysis of the carbonate rocks reveals that they contain mostly low‐Mg calcite associated with ankerite, pyrite, and other detrital minerals such as quartz, chlorite, illite, feldspar (albite), and a few clay minerals. These minerals could be related to the deep fluid and hydrocarbon circulations during deposition. The isotopic data display a variation of δ13C isotopic values between −5.14‰ and +2.21‰ (VPDB) and between −8.12‰ and −4.95‰ for δ18O values (VPDB). The set of δ13C values is similar to the signature of marine dissolved inorganic carbon. First of all, the positive values of δ13C show that the origin of carbon is not from the organic‐rich zone (microbial zone), but probably derived from pore‐water and/or biogenic carbonate precursors. On the other hand, the negative values of δ13C indicate that the carbon may result from organic sources linked to the sulphate reduction bacteria activity, or by a heightened volcanic and/or hydrothermal activities releasing light carbon (12C). The negative δ18O values are not consistent with marine water ambient temperature, but with a possible influence of diagenesis or increasing of temperature by hydrothermal water. This hydrothermal activity is controlled by synsedimentary faults during the Early Jurassic and related to a late pulse of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) volcanism and by regional volcanism during the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian–Bathonian). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Details on the wind potential during a period of about thirteen years in Algeria is given in the present work. The inspection is performed for sixteen regions covering almost all the territory of the country. The density of the mean wind power is determined for the different regions. The maps of annual and seasonal wind energy resources are also established. The characteristics of the wind velocity, as well as the potential of wind power, are determined by the Weibull distribution. From the given results, the highest values of annual mean wind speed and the annual mean wind power density are found in Adrar (P10 = 283.12 W/m² and P50 = 646.91 W/m²), while the lowest values are observed in Skikda (P10 = 40.61 W/m² and P50 = 115.51 W/m², respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geostatistical techniques are usually practical in the development and production stages of mining projects. The Ouenza deposit is the main iron ore sources for the Algerian steel industry. This deposit suffers from heterogeneity in its mineral contents yet essential to obey to the market standards and requirements. The effective exploitation of this type of deposit is a major concern of mine managers. The variability and the content disparity in the iron ore require an in-depth scientific study. To estimate the iron ore reserves of the Ouenza deposit, an ordinary 3D kriging based geostatistical method is used to analyze the 207,723 block value in Surpac 6.2 software. The results have shown a significant variability in the iron content, which can be classified into three classes. The first class (poor ore) from 30 to 40% of iron content; the second class (medium ore) between 40 and 50%, and the third class (rich ore) from 50 to 60%. Their quantitative proportions are estimated at 1.1 MT for poor ore, 4.9 MT for medium and 2.6 MT for rich ore. For the planning of the extraction work, we use a graphic method to obtain a product of regular content during the exploitation phase of the deposit. This method gives countless solutions to exploit this type of deposit without resorting to the installation of processing plants. This is key to effective production development and accurate projection of raw materials for production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thaumetopoea pityocampa is the most important pine defoliator in the Mediterranean basin. Despite being attacked by a number of natural enemies, populations occur frequently at high density in several areas.Egg parasitism was studied in 27 pine and cedar forests in Algeria, in relation to the host density (tents per tree) and the proportion of forest cover in the landscape.Egg parasitism varied from 2% to 25%, accounted by two parasitoid species, the specialist Baryscapus servadeii and the generalist Ooencyrtus pityocampae.Tent density was negatively correlated with parasitism by B. servadeii but not with that of O. pityocampae. Conversely, parasitism by O. pityocampae increased with the proportion of forest and agricultural cover, but not in the case of B. servadeii.Maximum summer temperature showed no correlation with parasitism rates. Still, temperature frequently exceeded 40 °C during the period of adult parasitoid activity.The low performance of the egg parasitoids at the southern edge of the host range could be explained by the reduced fecundity of the host, climate effects, and phenological mismatching between the parasitoids and the egg development. These and other factors potentially involved the need to be further explored with a long‐term study of population dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Phytopathogenic filamentous fungi are responsible for spoilage of various food products, such as fruits or vegetables, causing significant economic losses. They are also able to produce several mycotoxins in infected plants and fruits, representing a serious risk for human and livestock health. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are considered natural antagonists of these dangerous microorganisms, thanks to the production of a large number of compounds with antifungal properties. In the present study, 45 LAB strains isolated from raw goats', cows' and camels' milk from various regions of Algeria, were tested for antifungal activity against five strains of the phytopathogenic, toxigenic and deteriorating fungal species Alternaria alternata, isolated from the stems, leaves, roots and fruits of tomatoes and carrots. Internal transcribed spacer polymerase chain reaction (ITS-PCR) analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing were used to characterize and identify the LAB isolates that showed various levels of inhibition of fungal growth. Two LAB strains, identified as Enterococcus lactis and E. faecium, had the strongest antifungal activity, suggesting a potential application in food technology as bio-preservatives against phytopathogenic and food-spoilage fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earth to air heat exchanger is a very old technique used 3000 years B.C in arid regions where that was called Qanat. In the present experimental study, the potentials of earth to air heat exchanger to provide thermal comfort for winter weather conditions in South west of Algeria described as arid region are investigated. An EAHE made of 66 meter of PVC tube and buried at 1.5 meter underground in agriculture zone equipped with 33 W fan was studied. Thermal and hygrometric analysis of air passing inside the tube form inlet to outlet was conducted. The results show the system was able to create two thermal regimes: heating regime with a gain of 13 °C (from 00h to 11h and from 17h to 23h) and cooling regime (from 12h to 16h) with 6 °C in the same day. Relative humidity was reduced by 32 % of 90 % of studied cases which stops the development of micro-organism and reducing Internal Air Quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detailed geologic mapping provides valuable informations about the spatial distribution of lithological outcrops and lineaments; required to carry out the necessary investigations of the geologic, geotechnical and hydrogeological data investigation. The unavailability of geologic coverage at meduim scale in the Nementcha mountains has severely hampered geoscientist to develop and test their hypotheses. In order to exploit multispectral datasets for the characterization of surface materials; Sentinel-2A data was used in the discrimination of geological classes along Youks les Bain area, extreme NE of Algeria. Resampling, orthorectification, atmospheric correction, and radiometric normalization have been applied to the Sentinel-2A radiance data, identified as the first and most important step in processing. The 12/4, 11/3 and 8/4 band ratios combination was adopted to discriminate the different lithologies. Then, to reduce redundant information in highly correlated bands, the principal component analysis has been implemented. The directional filters were applied to undertaken the lineamentary mapping. At last the project was exported and processed in GIS spatial database. The result allows the discrimination of the lithological boundaries and help to a better understanding of the local geology of the study area. The project digital databases represents a key tool to support research activities in the West of Tebessa region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many open-cast mines in Algeria are regularly affected by instabilities that disrupt the exploitation activity, such as Chouf Amar's career where recurrent failures are caused by the combined action of a number of predisposition and triggering factors. I this study we uses a commbined- Geomechanical, Kinematical, numerical and limit equilibrium analysis to evaluate the behaviour of the discontinuous rock masses in open pit mine, and we chooses the Chouf Amar career as a case study. We determines nine main sets of discontinuities in the three main facies of the stone-pit. We proved also that the quarry suffers from various types of failures and that blasting declines the values of safety factor. We find out the causes of the 2009 slip-incident. By this combined approaches we have made it possible to optimize operations and to improve career productivity while ensuring the safety of equipment and personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Microbiology is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The toxicity of plants with cyanogenic glycosides is related to the release of cyanide, responsible for much neurological, cardiac and respiratory deterioration. The intoxications with cyanogenic glycosides listed in the poisons center of Algiers occupy a significant proportion of plant poisoning (6%). The determination and quantification of cyanide is an important source of information for assessing the toxicity of these plants. It is for this reason that we initiated a study to determine the level of cyanide in bitter almonds and apricot kernels collected in various regions of the country. Objective: To evaluate the level of cyanide in bitter almonds and apricot kernel samples collected from different areas of Algeria. Method: Analysis of samples collected in June and July was carried out after developing a method for the determination of cyanide using headspace chromatography with a flame ionization detector (HS-GC-FID). After incubation (phosphate buffer at room temperature for 24 h), the cyanide is released by endogenous enzymatic hydrolysis. The cyanide level was determined, in the presence of the acetonitrile used as an internal standard, by chromatography with a RTX-624 capillary column. Results: The hydrogen cyanide rate of samples varies from 182 ppm to 4 146 ppm (mean = 1 372 ppm) for bitter almonds. For the apricot kernels, the rates are from 383 ppm to 2 774 ppm (mean = 1 533 ppm). Conclusion: As an indication, the number that can be responsible for a fatal poisoning by released cyanide varies from 11 to 21 bitter almonds (mean = 16) and from 25 to 211 apricot kernels (mean = 99). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The moisture contents of balance of desorption and adsorption of Kabar Sid El Cheikh leaves (Capparis spinosa .L) were determined at 30, 40, and 50°C using the static gravimetric method. The balance was obtained after 12 days of desorption and 8 days of adsorption. The effect of thermal hysteresis is observed in the range of the tested temperatures. In one hand, for the modeling of sorption isotherms, on the other hand, for the prediction of the hygroscopic behavior, during storage or drying; two mathematical models were tested. The GAB model with three parameters has given best results according to the experimental points in a rather important domain of the activities of the water. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Energy demand has been overgrowing in developing countries. Moreover, the fluctuation of fuel prices is a primary concern faced by many countries that highly rely on conventional power generation to meet the load demand. Hence, the need to use alternative resources, such as renewable energy, is crucial in order to mitigate fossil fuel dependency, while ensuring reductions in carbon dioxide emissions. Algeria—being the largest county in Africa—has experienced a rapid growth in energy demand over the past decade due to the significant increase in residential, commercial, and industry sectors. Currently, the hydrocarbon-rich nation is highly dependent on fossil fuels for electricity generation, with renewable energy only having a small contribution to the country's energy mix. However, the country has massive potential for renewable energy generation, such as solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, and hydropower. Therefore, the government aims to diversify away from fossil fuels and promote renewable energy generation through policies and renewable energy-related programs. The country's Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Development Plan focuses on large scale solar, wind generation as well as geothermal and biomass technologies. This paper provides an update on the current energy position and renewable energy status in Algeria. Moreover, this paper discusses renewable energy (RE) policies and programs that aim to increase the country's renewable energy generation and its implementation status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Mentha spicata (MS) leaves aqueous extracts obtained from different regions (El-Oued, Tebessa and El-Tarf) of Algeria, as well as their in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Methods: Aqueous extracts were obtained from the air-dried leaves of MS by maceration followed by filtration and evaporation using a rotary evaporator. Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminium chloride colorimetric techniques were used to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. The radical DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP tests were used to determine their antioxidant activities, while the in vitro inhibition percentages of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes were used to assess the anti-diabetic activity. Results: The El-Oued's extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (108.94 mg GAE/g dry extract (DE)), while the highest total flavonoid content (0.039 mg QE/g DE) was found in El-Tarf's extract. The radical DPPH and FRAP scavenging activity of the El-Oued extract exhibited the highest inhibition activities (IC50 = 102.5 and 289.5 µg/mL), respectively, while the ABTS inhibition activity of the El-Tarf extract exhibited a maximum IC50 value of 111 ± 2.8 µg/mL. The MS extract of the El-Oued region had the highest α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme activities with IC50 values of 121.4 and 216.9 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The leaves of Mentha spicata exhibit high phenolic and flavonoid contents, along with significant antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. This study reveals that Mentha spicata flavonoid and phenolic contents as well as other properties vary by region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates empirically the reasons for delays in the payment of clean water invoice in Algeria. Using a data set of 27,363 households connected to the water services network and a small-sample survey of 172 household, we estimate several duration models to better understand the main determinants of water invoice time to payment. The delayed payment of water bills could be explained by three determinants: the household financial constraints, the quality of the public service provided, and disincentives through increasing water tariff structure, which is used to manage sustainably the demand for water. This study calls for a modification in the tariff structure to promote equity and water resource protection. It also suggests providing additional efforts to improve the quality of the public water service offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The zoonotic Onchocerca lupi and tick-transmitted filarioids of the genus Cercopithifilaria remain less well known due to the difficulties in accessing to skin samples as target tissues. Here, we proposed a molecular approach reliying on multiplex qPCR assays that allow the rapid identification of filarioids from canine blood, skin, and tick samples. This includes two newly developed duplex qPCR tests, the first one targeting filarial and C. grassii DNA (CanFil-C. grassii). and the second qPCR assay designed for the detection of Cercopithifilaria bainae and Cercopithifilaria sp. II DNAs (C. bainae-C.spII). The third one is a triplex TaqMan cox 1 assay targeting DNA of blood microfilariae (e.g., Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens and Acanthocheilonema reconditum). The novel duplex qPCRs developed were validated in silico and by screening of known DNA collection. The qPCR assays were also used for screening the blood and tick samples of 72 dogs from Algeria. This allowed the identification of canine filariasis infection with 100% of specificity and 89.47% and 100% of sensitivity from naturally infected blood and tick samples, respectively. The prevalences of 26.39% for D. immitis and 5.56% for both D. repens and A. reconditum were reported in blood and tick samples. Cercopithifilaria DNAs were detected only in tick samples, with a prevalence of 4.17% and 5.56% for C. bainae and Cercopithifilaria sp. II, respectively. Co-infections were diagnosed in 6.94% and 13.89% of blood and tick samples, respectively. Whereas all samples were negative for C. grassii DNA. The use of engorged ticks instead of blood and skin samples could be an easier option for the surveillance of all canine filarioids herein investigated. The multiplex qPCR assays herein validated were shown to be useful in the detection of filarial co-infections by overcoming sequencing of positive samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earth-to-air heat exchanger (EAHE) is used for heating and/or cooling of dwelling and buildings in arid regions. In the present paper, experiments are performed to investigate the efficiency of an earth-to-air heat exchanger without external devices (fans, air blowers, etc.). The climatic conditions of the region of Bechar, which is located in the Southwest of Algeria, are considered. The EAHE is made of a PVC pipe with 66 m in length and 0.11 m in diameter. It was buried at a depth of 1.5 m in the agricultural zone, where the annual undisturbed subsoil temperature at 1.5 m is 28 °C. An increase of 19% in the relative humidity (RH) of EAHE has been observed in the humidification regime. While a decrease of 27% in RH has been reached in the dehumidification regime. For the hygrometric regime, the daily working regime was 62.5% of dehumidification (from 00 h to 09 h and from 18 h to 23 h) and 37.5% of humidification (from 10 h to 17 h). The EAHE technique has excellent potential for the enhancement of building hygrometry in arid regions. • The performance of an earth to air heat exchanger is studied by experiments. • The exchanger is used to provide the thermal comfort inside houses in arid regions. • The study is achieved in the region of Bechar, which is located in the Southwest of Algeria. • The studied region is known by its hard environment and arid climate. • The exchanger under investigation acts without external devices (fans, air blower, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hot desert climate affect negatively the performance of c-Si PV panel. • Main degradation mechanism of c-Si PV panel is the encapsulant discoloration. • Increasing of series resistance have mainly contributed to the early degradation. • Performance analysis identifies desert stress factors experienced on c-Si PV panel. Overall objective is a review on main degradation mechanisms and failure modes of silicon solar cells in hot desert climates. Previous study findings were carried out at research unit of renewable energy in Saharan middle, Algeria, are discussed to follow the present study. Most of these studies are focused mainly on I-V curves, field measurements or categorizing photovoltaic failure modes concerning polymeric materials. As a result, a great overview of climate and encapsulant polymer induced PV degradation mechanisms is given. The paper reported the change in electrical performance of silicon solar cells such as output power drop, Pm, increase in cell's series resistance, Rs and decrease in cell's shunt resistance, Rsh. Main degradation mechanisms in photovoltaic modules in hot desert climates are the physical change of the encapsulant material, highlighting by discoloration and the increase in cell's series resistance Rs. Optimal performance and efficiecy of these silicon solar cells are influenced negatively by the harsh environmental conditions of Algerian desert. In present study, a lot of effort was put into finding the publications and appropriate data that can be beneficial in further studies on challenges associated with operating photovoltaic panels in hot desert climates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy is an infinite, unpredictable and enduring energy source among all other incompatible energy options. This work simulates the feasibility of installing a photovoltaic (PV) system isolated with batteries in a typical residential center in M'sila, Algeria, where the study is carried out to assess solar radiation and evaluate the technical and economic aspects of the PV system to supply domestic electrical energy needs. The program has been implemented by PVsyst6. The daily electricity consumption is about 12.6 kWh/day. On an annual basis, the energy that is injected into the grid is 4615 kWh. The average performance ratio (PR) of the Si-poly PV system is operated at 62.9% in the simulated study for the planned location. The maximum electrical energy produced was from June to August, when it reached 354.4 kWh of July. The losses recorded in the study were principally due to temperature of photovoltaic field, which was 12.14%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes the first toxic event (human intoxications and sea urchin mortahty) related to Ostreopsis bloom in Algerian coastal waters. The distribution of Ostreopsis is presented in three rocky beaches of Algiers Wilaya, where several cases of human intoxications were registered during July 2009. The maximum abundances attained by Ostreopsis in other stations of the network established by the Agency for the Protection and Promotion of Algiers Wilaya coasts (APPL) for monitoring HABs species are also presented. We discuss some of the factors that could explain this toxic episode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional pharmacopoeia of Algerian Sahara is very rich on vegetable drugs. The great resources and biodiversity of Algerian Sahara flora seem responsible. A survey of medicinal plants used by the local population of the south west of Algeria for the urinary disorders is reported. Sixty-three plant species belonging to thirty-three families were identified. Their botanical and local names, plant part used, mode of use and ailment treated are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has increased the odds of worsening drought in arid and semiarid dry regions of North Africa. Although the thermal waters have a minimal influence on the yield of aquifers systems, these resources have a great socio-economic value, being widely used for various rheumatologic, dermatologic and psychiatric treatments. Our study aims to characterize the physicochemical parameters and geothermal properties of El Hamma hydrothermal systemin northeastern Algeria. We collected twelve water samples during April 2019 to identify the origin of the thermal groundwater and to evaluate the reservoir temperature in the geothermal system; based on major chemical constituents concentrations, saturation indices, and chemical geothermometer temperatures. We measured temperature, pH, and electric conductivity (EC) conventionalparameters. The temperature of the thermal water sample reaches 52.8 °C, the pH is slightly alkaline, with EC up to 3100 μS/cm. We applied the diagram program to determine the hydrochemical facies, and the equilibrium state of the solid/liquid phase. We used Geothermometers to determine the origin, and temperature at depth of thermal waters. The facies are chlorinated and sodium sulphates; which is mainly related to the dissolution of evaporitic minerals and the weathering of silicates. The geothermometers have given temperatures ranging from 80.73 °C to 126.63 °C for the thermal reservoir. The results have identified the Jurassic limestone at more than 2300 m depths as the main thermal reservoir. Moreover, the application of the International Institute for Geothermal Research (IIRG) diagrams to the hot waters has shown a "γ" diagram type, leading to confirm that the hot solutions are of deep origin, with waters circulating in the basement and carbonate formations. • The chemical facies resulted from the dissolution of evaporates and silicates. • The temperature of the reservoir reaches 127 °C. • The Jurassic limestone is the main thermal reservoir. • The hot solutions are of deep origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]