Search

The article talks about the suffering of more than 800 indigenous civilians of Algeria who were asphyxiated by Marshal of France Aimable-Jean-Jacques Pélissier in 1845. Topics discussed include the practice of massacre by asphyxiation being first perpetrated by French General Louis-Eugène Cavaignac.

The article talks about the suffering of more than 800 indigenous civilians of Algeria who were asphyxiated by Marshal of France Aimable-Jean-Jacques Pélissier in 1845. Topics discussed include the practice of massacre by asphyxiation being first perpetrated by French General Louis-Eugène Cavaignac.

This research paper presents a detailed investigation into the morphometric characteristics of sub-basins within the Naama region of Algeria, aiming to prioritize areas vulnerable to soil erosion and runoff risks. Focusing on five key sub-basins that collectively represent 75% of the Wilaya of Naama, the study employs a comprehensive methodological framework, integrating morphometric analysis (MA), weighted sum analysis (WSA), principal component analysis (PCA), and the novel approach of compositional data analysis (CoDA). Through the rigorous evaluation of sixteen distinct morphometric parameters selected based on their relevance to hydrological and geomorphological processes that influence erosion and runoff, this research provides a nuanced understanding of the factors influencing erosion susceptibility within each sub-basin. The analysis reveals a clear hierarchy of sub-basins based on their calculated compound parameters, effectively classifying them into high, moderate, and low priority categories for targeted intervention and resource allocation. The results highlight the Ain Sefra and Wadi Er Rosafa sub-basins as the highest priority areas, collectively encompassing 31.51% of the wilaya and posing the most significant threats of runoff and soil erosion. This identification allows for the prioritization of conservation efforts and the implementation of tailored management strategies in these critical areas. Furthermore, the integration of multiple prioritization approaches, including the innovative application of CoDA, ensures a robust and comprehensive assessment of the sub-basin landscapes. This multi-faceted approach provides a more nuanced understanding of the complex interplay between various morphometric parameters and their influence on erosion and runoff potential. The findings of this research have significant implications for sustainable land and water resource management within the Naama region. By identifying and prioritizing vulnerable sub-basins, the study provides a crucial foundation for informed decision-making, enabling stakeholders to implement targeted interventions and mitigate the detrimental impacts of soil erosion and excessive runoff. Moreover, the methodological framework presented in this research paper offers a valuable blueprint for similar studies in other regions facing comparable challenges. The cost-effective and time-efficient nature of the approach makes it a practical tool for prioritizing erosion and runoff risks in arid and semi-arid environments worldwide, contributing to the broader goals of environmental sustainability and land degradation neutrality., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval: All authors have read, understood, and complied with the statement on the “Ethical responsibilities of authors.” Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Groundwater serves a range of essential functions such as supplying drinking water, facilitating agricultural practices, and supporting industrial processes. This study examines with multiple methods the quality of groundwater in the agricultural region of Dzira, Algeria. By collecting 38 groundwater samples of different wells and boreholes, valuable awareness of the aptness of groundwater for irrigation in this arid landscape was gained. Most wells met Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) criteria for the total dissolved solids (TDS) and the potential of hydrogen pH, but some areas had higher mineral content and electrical conductivity. Results show significant TDS variations, with 10.81% of wells exceeding limits and acceptable pH levels. Elevated EC values in 67.57% of wells show high salinity, affecting soil and plant growth. Major ions such as Mg 2+ and SO 4 exceeded FAO standards in 43.24% and 64.86% of wells, respectively, highlighting substantial mineral content in the groundwater. Suitability indices reveal that most wells pose low sodium hazards and are generally suitable for irrigation, though some areas face moderate to high restrictions. The irrigation water quality index (IWQI) ranged from 45.36 to 96.30, averaging 80.77, with 54.04% classified as "low restriction," suitable for sandy soils with good permeability but requiring caution on salt-sensitive soils. Hydrogeochemical analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) identifies rapid evaporite dissolution from Triassic saline formations, with a correlation matrix showing associations between TDS and Ca - exceeded FAO standards in 43.24% and 64.86% of wells, respectively, highlighting substantial mineral content in the groundwater. Suitability indices reveal that most wells pose low sodium hazards and are generally suitable for irrigation, though some areas face moderate to high restrictions. The irrigation water quality index (IWQI) ranged from 45.36 to 96.30, averaging 80.77, with 54.04% classified as "low restriction," suitable for sandy soils with good permeability but requiring caution on salt-sensitive soils. Hydrogeochemical analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) identifies rapid evaporite dissolution from Triassic saline formations, with a correlation matrix showing associations between TDS and Ca 2 ⁺, Mg 2 ⁺, Na⁺, Cl⁻, and SO₄ 2 ⁻. This mineralization is likely from gypsum and halite. Zoning maps based on IWQI and other parameters depicted spatial variations in groundwater quality, guiding effective irrigation management strategies. Overall, the study underscores the importance of comprehensive water quality assessment for sustainable agriculture and emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to mitigate potential challenges associated with soil salinity and sodicity. Therefore, these findings can be useful to decision-makers and stakeholders in order to optimize water use and protect this vital resource., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)