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This study is based on a ruderal species: Malva subovata = Lavatera maritima which should normally grow in the littoral, under maritime influence. Its presence in the matorrals is highlighted for the first time. as it has been found far from its natural habitat. The comparison of the different biological and morphological spectra shows the importance of the therophytes that confirms the phenomenon of degradation. This degradation shows a depletion of the floristic procession, especially concerning sylvatic species which have given way to ephemeral therophytes and chamæphytes. Despite the presence of a shrubby layer, it is no longer a question of a forest ecosystem but of a pre-forest ecosystem. To better understand the characteristics of this Malvaceae in terms of resistance and adaptation in matorrals, we often use the phytomass of all anthropozoic formations and more specifically the phytomass of the species that characterize this group. In our case, this is Malva subovata. The results of the morphometric study constitute a basic element for the evaluation of the adaptive potential of our Lavatère against the degradation factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this research paper is to examine empirically the link between public investment in human capital and economic growth in Algeria over the period 1990-2017. In fact, public authorities spend annually considerable funds to make both education and health available for all citizens as they are vital elements for a better life. This political action which is well understood from social perspective should have also some economic benefits especially in terms economic growth. Scholars strongly argued the crucial importance of investing in human capital to spur growth. In this context, the current paper tends to assess the impact of public spending devoted to human capital components on economic growth in Algeria. To do so, the study used annual time series data of government expenditures on these two sectors ranged from 1990 to 2017, and employs for estimation the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. The main finding of this paper is that there is no cointegrating relationship between these two variables in the long run. This result is in line with many previous studies in Algeria as well as in other developing countries. This basically supports the idea that spending on education and health would not inevitably lead to growth. The lessons learnt from the experience of emerging economies denote that there are a series of preliminary conditions that should be set up to make the association between public investment in human capital and growth possible. Government spending alone cannot induce economic growth if corruption prevails and resources are inefficiently allocated. Also, it is the quality of health and education that matters. In Algeria, despite of the considerable funding of education and health sectors, the quality of service offered inside schools and hospitals is still poor. Thus, increasing numbers of doctors leave the country because they believe that work conditions are not suitable. Many Patients also prefer to join foreign hospitals because they believe that local medical service is somewhat unsatisfactory. Likewise, a great number of university students choose to join foreign universities to pursue their higher studies because they consider the quality of local universities is poor. Based on this evidence, policymakers are invited to take into consideration these conditions among others in order to strengthen the impact of public investment in human capital on economic growth in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is devoted to a morphological study of Lavatera maritima in Marsa ben m'hidi region. Results are obtained on the morpho-metric and ecological aspect. To better understand the adaptation of Lavatera maritima a morpho-metric study is required. The morphometric study deals with two main parts: morphological measurements supported by single controlled (ANOVA 1 et 2), to assess the impact of the station on the growth in length of the stems and the size of the tufts of Lavatera maritima and even of the exhibition on the growth of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper ams to study the overall quality of raw milk in the mid-northern region of Algeria. The analysis results showed a decrease in the average temperature for the delivery of 1,54°C with p < 0.001. However, no significant variation (p > 0.05) was observed in almost all the physical and nutritional parameters studied (pH, fat content, and protein content) between M1 and M2. The average contamination by total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), coliforms, yeasts, molds, and different pathogens in samples taken at M1 showed significant changes at M2.This was confirmed by the decrease of reduction time of methylene blue (RTMB), about 54%. The variation was described as follows: (p >0.05) for yeasts and (p <0.05) for molds in M1 and M2, (p <0.05) for TMAB in M1, and (p < 0.001) for TC, FC, and TMAB in M2. The analysis for the detection of Salmonella spp. showed no contamination in all samples tested, while antibiotic residues were detected in 35% of milks delivered. In conclusion, several risk factors have been identified in this study, namely, the effect of the season and the distance between the farm and the dairy unit [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this research was to study the valorization of the date fruit by-product by conversion of date syrup into biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), based on the metabolic capacity of the bacterial strain Bacillus paramycoides to accumulate PHB from date syrup. Total reducing sugars in date syrup was essayed using 3',5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) and HPLC methods. Bacillus paramycoides was isolated from soil of the botanic garden of Skikda university, Algeria. The accumulated PHB was extracted using chloroform. It was quantified as crotonic acid in concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) by spectrophotometry at 300nm. Date syrup is characterized by high levels of total sugars (79.66 g/L) with 31.86 g/L of total reducing sugars. PHB accumulation reached its maximum (104.3 ug/mL) after 96 h of incubation at pH 7 and temperature 37°C using Tryptophane as the nitrogen source and acid pretreated syrup at a concentration of 8%. HPLC analysis on Aminex HPX-87H showed that the produced PHB from date syrup is characterized by a chromatogram peak with a retention time at 22.5 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]