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Human trafficking is a global human rights violation, constituting a severe criminal offense that disproportionately affects women and children. Albania, located in Southeastern Europe, has not been immune to this issue. In this paper, we explore the legal provisions and efforts made by the Albanian government to counteract the trafficking of women and children, shedding light on the nation's commitment to addressing this concern. This scientific work delves into the issue of human trafficking, with a specific focus on the trafficking of women and children in the Republic of Albania. It reviews the existing legal provisions aimed at combating trafficking in persons and highlights the challenges and ongoing efforts in addressing this concern. By analyzing the legal framework, law enforcement mechanisms, and recent developments, this article provides an in-depth overview of the situation in Albania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper, the authors aim to make a historical overview at the provisions of criminal legislation in Albania, in defense of officials of the justice system, and in particular judges. The authors in this paper will focus firstly on the regulations made by the Albanian customary law, on the legal protection offered to the officials of the judicial system during the monarchy, during the period of communism in Albania, to look closer, provisions of the current legislation in force. Also, in this paper the authors will focues on a general overview of official statistical data, which highlight the number of cases of criminal prosecution and persons convicted of criminal offenses against judges and the justice system in Albania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scope of this article is twofold, on one hand; it makes an analysis of the current situation of the environment protection through the criminal law in the Albania, by proving a legal landscape on the current criminal conducts as are foreseen by the Criminal Code of Albania. It starts with an introduction which aims to highlight the status play of the increased attention that is being shown for the environmental protection in the global arena. Then it makes an assessment on the definition of the environmental harm, and the technical-legal approaches utilised for the protection of the environment. After that, this article makes a description of the legal concept of environment in Albania and analyses the existing criminal offences as they are foreseen by the Criminal Code. On the other hand, the article makes a preliminary assessment of the new coming reform on the environmental crime in Albania, by trying to identify the problematic issues and their address by the draft-law. The conclusions reached at the end shows the evolution of the concept of environment and its protection, welcomes the new reform by noting the need of the judicial authorities to be trained in order to be fully implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"... Human dignity, rights and freedoms, are the basis of this state, which has the duty to respect and to protect them"1 Rights and fundamental freedoms are rights that arise with every human and have a universal character. Their protection and promotion is the primary obligation of every state and government. These rights and guarantees are not only known for Albanian citizens, but equally to foreigners and persons without citizenship. The whole Albanian legal system is based on principles and constitutional arrangements. This means that the principles of human rights and fundamental freedoms are an integral part of all legislation in general and of each subsidiary law in particular. Limitations of constitutional rights and freedoms may only be imposed by law in the public interest or for the protection of the rights of others. The limitations may never infringe the essence of freedoms and human rights. Since the adoption of the Criminal Code in 1995, judges in Albania have had available a range of sanctions as alternatives to imprisonment, which they could give in the sentence phase. In practice, alternatives to imprisonment are rarely used and the trend has been mainly to imprisonment. Evidence shows that prisons not only rehabilitate, but they also tend to criminalize individuals resulting in repeated offenses. Moreover, the increased population in Albanian prisons over the last decade is a matter of great concern. Prison overcrowding is a phenomenon that is determined by demographic, economic, social and political factors. This is an issue that causes a lot of administrative problems and often affects the behaviour, health and morale of the prisoners. In Albania is used the amnesty and pardon as measures to reduce overcrowding. Amnesties are effective measures to combat overcrowding and are used in many countries. In Albania it is necessary to develop effective care after release from prison. At the same time it is needed a long criminal policy to avoid the use of amnesties as short-term measures to reduce the prison population in Albania. To address the problem of overcrowding in prisons there is a solution that is in accordance with the recommendations outlined in international instruments and aims to change the practice of sentencing by increasing the number of alternatives to imprisonment. The purpose of introducing alternatives to imprisonment is not only addressing the problem of overcrowding in prisons or finding an efficient system of punishment, but the use of alternatives reflects a fundamental change in the approach of the crime, the offenders and their place in the society by changing the focus of punishment, from isolation to restorative justice and reintegration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]