205 results on '"Wilderness areas"'
Search Results
2. The ecological niche of reported rabies cases in Canada is similar to Alaska.
- Author
-
Huettmann, Falk and Hueffer, Karsten
- Subjects
- *
RABIES , *ZOONOSES , *GEOGRAPHIC information systems , *WILDERNESS areas , *ECOLOGICAL models , *ECOLOGICAL niche , *MACHINE learning - Abstract
The ecology of rabies in the circumpolar North is still not well understood. We use machine learning, a geographic information system and data explicit in time and space obtained for reported rabies cases and predictors in Canada to develop an ecological niche model for the distribution of reported rabies cases in the American north (Alaska and Canada). The ecological niche model based on reported rabies cases in Canada predicted reported rabies cases in Alaska, suggesting a rather robust inference and even similar drivers on a continental scale. As found in Alaska, proximity to human infrastructure—specifically along the coast—was a strong predictor in the detection of rabies cases in Canada. Also, this finding highlights the need for a more systematic landscape sampling for rabies infection model predictions to better understand and tackle the ecology of this important zoonotic disease on a landscape scale at some distance from human infrastructure in wilderness areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Biden Blocks Alaska’s Ambler Road.
- Subjects
- *
REPUBLICANS , *ANIMAL populations , *WILDERNESS areas , *PUBLIC lands , *COPPER - Abstract
The Biden administration has effectively halted the controversial Ambler Road project in Alaska, which aimed to create an industrial route through the Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve to access copper and zinc deposits. The Bureau of Land Management cited concerns about irreversible harm to wildlife, particularly caribou herds, as the reason for denying the project. Alaska's Republican senators criticized the decision, while Indigenous groups and conservationists praised it. Additionally, the administration announced increased protection for 13 million acres in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska, which drew mixed reactions from Indigenous groups. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
4. Thermokarst and precipitation drive changes in the area of lakes and ponds in the National Parks of northwestern Alaska, 1984–2018.
- Author
-
Swanson, David K.
- Subjects
THERMOKARST ,NATIONAL parks & reserves ,BODIES of water ,TUNDRAS ,LAKES ,WATER ,WILDERNESS areas - Abstract
Lakes and ponds are important ecosystem components in arctic lowlands, and they are prone to rapid changes in surface area by thermokarst expansion and by sudden lake drainage. The 30 m resolution Landsat record (1984–2018) was used to derive a record of changes in the area of lakes and ponds in the five National Parks of northern Alaska. Surface-water area declined significantly in portions of the study area with ice-rich permafros t and water bodies of thermokarst origin. These declines were associated with rapid lake drainage events resulting from the thermoerosion of outlets. Thermoerosion was probably favored by the record warm mean annual temperatures in the study area, combined with precipitation that fluctuated near long-term normals. The rate of lake loss by rapid drainage was greatest in 2005–2007 and 2018. In landscapes with permafrost of lower ice content and water bodies in depressions of non-thermokarst origin, surface-water area generally fluctuated in response to year-to-year changes in precipitation, without a long-term trend, and lake drainage events were rare. Loss of surface water in ice-rich lowlands is likely to continue as the climate warms, with associated impacts on aquatic wildlife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. ALASKA: OIL'S GROUND ZERO.
- Author
-
Bartholet, Jeffrey, Rogers, Adam, and Hsu, Michael
- Subjects
- *
PETROLEUM prospecting , *WILDERNESS areas , *TRAVEL ,ALASKA description & travel ,ARCTIC National Wildlife Refuge (Alaska) - Abstract
Discusses the controversy over drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska. Description of the area; Discussion of the frontier in the United States; Question of values, and of whether wilderness should be drilled or protected; Question of how much oil is beneath the ANWR coastal plain.
- Published
- 2001
6. Bob's Country.
- Author
-
Engelhard, Michael
- Subjects
WILDERNESS areas ,TAIGAS - Published
- 2019
7. The Trans-Alaska Pipeline.
- Author
-
Sherrill, Robert
- Subjects
TRANS-Alaska Pipeline (Alaska) ,HYDRAULIC structure design & construction ,WILDERNESS areas - Abstract
Presents information on the Trans-Alaska pipeline in Alaska. Role of the pipeline in destroying the wilderness areas in Alaska; Estimates on the quantity of oil supplied; Problems encountered in the construction of the pipeline.
- Published
- 1973
8. THE LAST GREAT WILDERNESS.
- Author
-
THOMAS JR., E. DONNALL
- Subjects
WILDERNESS areas ,HUNTING - Published
- 2017
9. Copper Mining, the McCarthy Road, and America's Largest National Park.
- Author
-
Wikle, Thomas A.
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL parks & reserves , *MOUNTAINS , *GLACIERS , *WILDERNESS areas - Abstract
The McCarthy Road connects to former copper mining settlements within AlaskaÆs Wrangell‐St. Elias National Park and serves as an example of both public‐private accommodation within the Park as well as historical commemoration in a relatively isolated location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. THE Marshall Plan.
- Author
-
SCOTT, DOUG
- Subjects
WILDERNESS areas ,ESKIMOS in literature ,NATIVE Americans in literature - Abstract
The article focuses on the effort of wilderness activist Robert Marshall in wilderness preservation in Alaska. Particular focus is given to the authorship on the civilization of Eskimos and Native Americans in his book "Arctic Village: A 1930s Portrait of Wiseman, Alaska". His authorship of the motto North to the Future for the Glacier Park in the state is also highlighted.
- Published
- 2016
11. THE ALASKAN WILDERNESS.
- Author
-
Lundy, Rose
- Subjects
SUMMER vacations ,WILDERNESS areas ,PUBLIC lands - Abstract
The author talks about her experience spending a summer in Alaska as an intern at Wrangell-St. Elias National Park. Topics include the humbling experience of attempting to conquer the wilderness, the impossibility of ignoring one's own insignificance when living in a town nestled in dramatic landscapes, and the independence and self-sufficiency provided by hikers' free reign on public land in Alaska.
- Published
- 2016
12. INTO THE WILD.
- Author
-
Fish, Peter
- Subjects
WILDERNESS areas ,WILDLIFE conservation ,BISON ,ALASKA. Dept. of Fish & Game - Abstract
The article focuses on the strategy to conserve bisons in the Alaska wilderness. Topics discussed include monitoring of the bison by Alaska Wildlife Conservation Center's director Mike Miller, search of sages by Alaska Department of Fish and Game wildlife biologist Bob Stephenson, and finding suitable home for bisons in Alaska.
- Published
- 2015
13. THE PLACE WHERE LIFE BEGINS.
- Author
-
Mark, Jason
- Subjects
- *
WILDERNESS areas , *WILDLIFE conservation ,ARCTIC National Wildlife Refuge (Alaska) - Abstract
The article describes the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska. It notes the executive order issued by U.S. President Barack Obama in January 2015 directing the Fish and Wildlife Service to begin managing the entire refuge as wilderness, and called the Congress for a lasting protection of the area. Cites spotted include Brooks Range, a sand bar on the Aichilik River and a view where the Aichilik River meets the Beaufort Sea.
- Published
- 2015
14. FLAGS in the Wilderness.
- Author
-
KASSAR, CHRIS
- Subjects
VETERANS ,FLY fishing ,WILDERNESS areas - Abstract
The article discusses Veterans Expeditions of various military veterans in Togiak Wilderness area in Alaska, including Bradley Noone, Nick Watson and Capt. John Jinishian and mentions their experiences of fly fishing.
- Published
- 2015
15. Congressional Research Service.
- Author
-
Corn, M. Lynne, Ratner, Michael, and Alexander, Kristina
- Subjects
ENERGY development ,ARCTIC National Wildlife Refuge (Alaska) ,WILDERNESS areas ,ALASKA National Interest Lands Conservation Act (1980) - Abstract
The article discusses the U.S. Congressional debate on whether to approve energy development in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in northeastern Alaska. Topics covered include the presidential proposal to designate the area as wilderness, the provision of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980 and the economic and geological factors which have triggered interest in development.
- Published
- 2015
16. Influence of ship emissions on air quality and input of contaminants in southern Alaska National Parks and Wilderness Areas during the 2006 tourist season
- Author
-
Mölders, Nicole, Porter, Stacy E., Cahill, Catherine F., and Grell, Georg A.
- Subjects
- *
EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *AIR pollution , *AIR quality , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *WILDERNESS areas , *MATHEMATICAL models , *TOURISTS , *METEOROLOGY - Abstract
Abstract: The impact of ship emissions on air quality in Alaska National Parks and Wilderness Areas was investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model inline coupled with chemistry (WRF/Chem). The visibility and deposition of atmospheric contaminants was analyzed for the length of the 2006 tourist season. WRF/Chem reproduced the meteorological situation well. It seems to have captured the temporal behavior of aerosol concentrations when compared with the few data available. Air quality follows certain predetermined patterns associated with local meteorological conditions and ship emissions. Ship emissions have maximum impacts in Prince William Sound where topography and decaying lows trap pollutants. Along sea-lanes and adjacent coastal areas, NOx, SO2, O3, PAN, HNO3, and PM2.5 increase up to 650 pptv, 325 pptv, 900 pptv, 18 pptv, 10 pptv, and 100 ng m−3. Some of these increases are significant (95% confidence). Enhanced particulate matter concentrations from ship emissions reduce visibility up to 30% in Prince William Sound and 5–25% along sea-lanes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Understanding Wilderness: Humans and Ecology in Alaskan Nature Writing.
- Author
-
McGuire, Rosemary
- Subjects
AUTHORSHIP ,THEMES in poetry ,WILDERNESS areas - Abstract
The article explores the conception of the writers towards the wilderness in Alaska. It discusses the elements of the understanding of wilderness and mentions various authors that provides the American idea of wilderness. Furthermore, views concerning the human role within the natural world is decribed.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Influence of Political Opposition and Compromise on Conservation Outcomes in the Tongass National Forest, Alaska.
- Author
-
BEIER, COLIN M.
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL opposition , *RESEARCH on conservation of natural resources , *CONSERVATION of natural resources , *CONSERVATION of natural resource laws , *POLICY analysis , *GAP analysis (Planning) , *NATURE reserves , *NATURE reserve laws , *INDIGENOUS peoples - Abstract
To understand how a highly contentious policy process influenced a major conservation effort, I examined the origins, compromises, and outcomes of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980 (ANILCA) for the Tongass National Forest. Tongass wilderness designation was among the most controversial issues in the ANILCA debate, and it faced strong opposition from influential lawmakers, land managers, and Alaska residents. To investigate the influence of this opposition on Tongass conservation outcomes, I conducted a gap analysis of Tongass reserves and a policy analysis of the ANILCA debate and traced the influence of specific interests through the amendments, negotiations, and resulting compromises needed to enact ANILCA. Overall, I found that Tongass reserves comprise a broadly representative cross-section of ecosystems and species habitats in southeastern Alaska. Redrawn reserve boundaries, industry subsidies, and special access regulations reflected compromises to minimize the impact of wilderness conservation on mining, timber, and local stakeholder interests, respectively. Fragmentation of the Admiralty Island National Monument—the most ecologically valuable and politically controversial reserve—resulted from compromises with Alaskan Native (indigenous peoples of Alaska) corporations and timber interests. Despite language to accommodate “reasonable access” to wilderness reserves, ongoing access limitations highlight the concerns of Alaska residents that opposed ANILCA several decades ago. More broadly, the Tongass case suggests that early and ambitious conservation action may offset strong political opposition; compromises needed to establish key reserves often exacerbate development impacts in unprotected areas; and efforts to minimize social conflicts are needed to safeguard the long-term viability of conservation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. EFFECTIVENESS OF ECOLOGICAL UNITS FOR STRATIFICATION OF BIRD HABITAT IN YUKON-CHARLEY RIVERS NATIONAL PRESERVE, ALASKA.
- Author
-
Swanson, David K. and Swanson, Shelli A.
- Subjects
HABITATS ,BIRDS ,NATIONAL parks & reserves ,WILDERNESS areas ,ECOLOGY ,GEOLOGY - Abstract
For a comprehensive bird inventory of Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, Alaska, we stratified the 1 million hectare study area by large, physiographically defined regions known as ecological units. Point-count data from the bird inventory were used to test the ability of the ecological units to differentiate bird assemblages, and compare the effectiveness of ecological units to fine-scale vegetation types. The ecological units were a synthesis of geology, landforms, soils, and vegetation mapped at a scale of 1:250,000; the vegetation types were based on vegetation within 50 m of the sample points. Nonparametric multivariate statistical tests showed that ecological units and vegetation types had similar success in differentiating bird assemblages, despite their different scales and conceptual bases. Analyses of individual bird species showed that both ecological units and vegetation types provide useful and complementary information about bird habitat selection. Ecological units have several advantages over vegetation types as sample-area strata: they are stable over time, logistically easier to sample in a large road- less study area, and they allow one to obtain a larger bird sample size through inclusion of birds detected at greater distances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Conflicting Understandings of Wilderness and Subsistence in Alaskan National Parks.
- Author
-
Dear, Chad E. and Myers Jr., Olin Eugene
- Subjects
- *
SUBSISTENCE hunting , *WILDERNESS areas , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *FOREST reserves , *PARK management - Abstract
The role of past and present subsistence cultures and activities in wilderness and other strictly protected areas has sparked contentious debate about meanings associated with wilderness. To inform this debate empirically, recreationists were interviewed at Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve (GAAR) in Alaska to determine how they cognitively structure potential conflicts between the park's management mandates to provide for wilderness recreational experiences and to allow for subsistence uses. Using structural developmental theory as a framework and by employing semistructured, in-depth interviews with hypothetical scenarios, it was found that a large majority of respondents maintained conflicting moral judgments when subsistence and wilderness values were juxtaposed. This suggests the existence of cognitive disequilibrium around these sets of values. Respondents coordinated their conflicting judgments in ways that can be described as overriding, contradictory, and contextual. No respondent hierarchically integrated subsistence and wilderness values within one coherent conceptual structure. Implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. THE SPIRITUAL VALUES OF WILDERNESS.
- Author
-
Nagle, John Copeland
- Subjects
WILDERNESS areas ,WILDERNESS area laws ,WILDLIFE conservation ,CONSERVATION of natural resources ,NATIONAL parks & reserves - Abstract
The Wilderness Act of 1964 is the principal legal mechanism for preserving wilderness in the United States. The law now protects over 100 million acres of federal land, half of which is in Alaska Yet the contested meaning of the term "wilderness" continues to affect the management of those wilderness areas, and the designation of additional lands as wilderness areas. Much current thinking about wilderness emphasizes the ecological and recreational interests that Congress cited when it enacted the law. These justifications for wilderness preservation are important, but they are incomplete. They are best supplemented by a better understanding of the spiritual values of wilderness. Religious conceptions have long informed American attitudes toward wilderness, beginning with the hostility that early settlers gleaned from Old Testament images of wilderness lands, and later appearing throughout the writings of John Muir. More recently, the witnesses testifying on behalf of the proposed Wilderness Act during the 1950s and 1960s repeatedly sounded spiritual themes, including biblical examples of the values of wilderness. The decades since the enactment of the law have produced a substantial theological literature that explores the meaning of wilderness. This article integrates the writing about the spiritual values of wilderness into the discussions of the management of wilderness areas, relying upon the examples of Alaskan wilderness lands to consider how to identify new wilderness areas and how to manage existing areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
22. The Wild, Wild North: Nature Writing, Nationalist Ecologies, and Alaska.
- Author
-
Kollin, Susan
- Subjects
WILDERNESS areas ,AUTHORSHIP ,LITERATURE ,OIL spills - Abstract
Explores how authors described the wilderness areas of Alaska in their writings. Overview of the book "Into the Wild," by Jon Krakauer which chronicles the wilderness trek experience of nature enthusiast Chris McCandless in Alaska; Significance of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska in 1989 to the population; Views of the public towards Alaska.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. THE MEANING OF WILD.
- Author
-
MIHELL, CONOR
- Subjects
WILDERNESS areas ,CONSERVATION of natural resource laws ,TOURISM ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
The article focuses on the wilderness areas in Alaska. Topics include the impression of 25-year-old photographer and environmental filmmaker Ben Hamilton on wild places in the state, the Wilderness Act signed by U.S. President Lyndon Johnson into law in 1964 which established the National Wilderness Preservation System, and the contribution of the wilderness area in the economy of the state, particularly the tourism industry.
- Published
- 2014
24. A SEA OF WILDERNESS.
- Author
-
JOHANSEN, LARRY
- Subjects
WILDERNESS areas ,FOREST reserves ,TIMBER ,RAIN forests - Abstract
The article focuses on the wilderness areas in the Alexander Archipelago of Southeast Alaska. The definition of wilderness under the Wilderness Act passed by the U.S. Congress in 1964 is mentioned. The archipelago has 18 wilderness areas under the Wilderness Act. Misty Fjords is said to be the largest of these areas. It is formerly known as Forest Reserve No. 1 due to its timber status. The author's experience of bushwhacking in the rainforest of Alaska is also mentioned.
- Published
- 2013
25. Bioregionalism as an Arctic Wilderness Idea.
- Author
-
Gladden, James N.
- Subjects
- *
COUNTRY life , *WILDERNESS areas , *INDIGENOUS peoples - Abstract
ABSTRACT: A recurrent question in the modern world is the place of people in nature, and bioregionalism offers some ideas in the debate over the kinds of technology that belong in Arctic wilderness areas, with a focus on northern Alaska. Some interests argue that people should only visit these areas, on foot or by paddle, to achieve a wilderness experience. Rural residents, most of whom are Alaska Natives, hold that access to these lands by motorised vehicles is essential to maintain hunting and gathering traditions. The debate over managing wilderness areas in northern Alaska originates in conflicting views of the meaning of wilderness. A bioregional vision offers some common ground in the idea of wilderness as a place of respect for non-human life forms, but political conflicts will not be easily resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Mountain Kingdom.
- Author
-
Medred, Craig
- Subjects
- *
WILDERNESS areas , *HISTORIC preservation , *NATIONAL parks & reserves ,KENNECOTT Copper Mine (Alaska) ,CHITINA-McCarthy Highway (Alaska) - Abstract
The article offers information on the historic sites and landscapes located in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in McCarthy Road in Alaska. The author explains that the park, which is considered as North America's largest and wildest national park, contains 70 percent of land that is designated as a wilderness area. Details related to the park's historic articfact, the Kennecott Mine National Historic Landmark, and the travel services offered in the park are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2011
27. ALASKA EXPOSED.
- Subjects
WILDERNESS areas ,GLACIERS ,WAXWINGS ,BERRIES - Abstract
The article presents photographs of the Alaskan wilderness, including the Dawes Glacier and a Bohemian waxwing feeding on mountain ash berries.
- Published
- 2010
28. Interplay: The Need for Wilderness.
- Author
-
Freeman, Mike
- Subjects
ESSAYS ,WILDERNESS areas ,CANOES & canoeing ,CAMPING ,OUTDOOR recreation ,SALMON - Abstract
An essay is presented on the Alaskan wilderness. The author describes April in Alaska. He reveals the things he had seen while paddling upstream. He recounts his experience while camping. According to him, salmon supply the bulk of nutrition to both plants and animals in Alaska, and are greatly aided by beavers.
- Published
- 2008
29. Weird, Wild Weddings on the Last Frontier.
- Author
-
Luczycki, Rebecca
- Subjects
MARRIAGE law ,WEDDINGS ,WILDERNESS areas ,STATUTES - Abstract
The article discusses the old Alaskan marriage commissioner law. The marriage commissioner performed some unusual weddings in the wilderness. According to American cultural history professor Stephen Haycox, marriage commissioners were very useful during the state's early days, when the closest minister or judge could be several days' travel away. The author notes that the Alaska statute remains useful because it is a lot easier to pay a lodge owner or cruise-ship staffer to get a license than to find a parish priest.
- Published
- 2007
30. What is Wilderness Worth?
- Author
-
Pagano, Rosanne
- Subjects
WILDERNESS areas ,ECONOMIC development projects ,PROTECTED areas ,CONSERVATION of natural resources ,SOCIAL surveys - Abstract
The article features the wild lands in Alaska. The undeveloped lands in southwestern Alaska is one of the world's top ten metal reserves containing copper, gold and molybdenum, worth $300 billion. The Bristol Bay streams holds the world's largest run of wild salmon. Results in a recent survey showed that people living in the community prefer more designated wilderness within the forest with no increase in logging. They see the proposed developments as a great threat to the natural resources.
- Published
- 2007
31. THE NATURAL.
- Author
-
Wooldridge, John
- Subjects
FIRST person narrative ,VOYAGES & travels ,WILDERNESS areas ,OCEAN travel ,NARRATION - Abstract
The author recounts his experience cruising in Southeast Alaska. He stayed aboard the C-Dory 25 Anna Leigh boat heading back to Anacortes. They were rafted up in one of several inlets surrounding the Misty Fjords National Monument. Upon arrival at the federal wilderness preserve, he saw the beauty of the whole area.
- Published
- 2007
32. LOST COAST.
- Author
-
Duane, Dan
- Subjects
COASTS ,WILDERNESS areas - Abstract
The article presents the author's experience of his visit to Lost Coast, a stretch of California. According to the author, most part the Lost Coast is defined by two large government holdings. The 7,800-acre Sinkyone Wilderness State Park at the southern edge is a morass of sheer headlands and isolated coves. At the north of Sinkyone is the 64,000 acre King Range National Conservation Area. The region is the U.S. Bureau of Land Management's largest West Coast tract outside of Alaska and is the heart of the Lost Coast.
- Published
- 2006
33. Rules of the Game.
- Author
-
Palmer, Les
- Subjects
FISHING ,RIVERS ,WILDERNESS areas ,FISHERY laws ,WILDLIFE conservation ,WILDLIFE refuges - Abstract
Describes recreational fishing opportunities and regulations in several remote rivers in Alaska. King salmon fishing in the Ayakulik River; Management of wilderness rivers by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service through the Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge; Efforts to protect wildlife; Arctic grayling and rainbow trout in the Gulkana River; Restrictions on the Brooks River; Sceneries enjoyed by anglers.
- Published
- 2005
34. Legal Issues Related to Proposed Drilling for Oil and Gas in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): RL31115.
- Author
-
Baldwin, Pamela
- Subjects
OIL well drilling ,DRILLING & boring ,LEASE & rental services ,WILDERNESS areas ,ARCTIC National Wildlife Refuge (Alaska) - Abstract
Congress is again considering whether to permit drilling for oil and gas in the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), Alaska, to designate the area as wilderness, or to retain the status quo of maintaining the area as a Refuge without drilling. This area is rich in wildlife and wilderness values, but may also contain significant oil and gas deposits. H.R. 567 and S. 261 have been introduced in the 109th Congress to designate the coastal plain of ANWR a wilderness, but H.R. 6 has passed the House. Title XXII of the bill would authorize oil and gas leasing in ANWR. Both the House and Senate have approved H.Con.Res. 95, a budget resolution that may necessitate revenues from oil and gas development in the Refuge to meet the budget reconciliation targets, and allow enactment of such legislation without filibuster. This report provides background on the legal issues surrounding ANWR development proposals, and will be updated as circumstances warrant. For an updated summary of current actions on bills, see CRS Issue Brief IB10136: Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Controversies for the 109th Congress. H.R. 6 would authorize leasing in ANWR and contains a 2,000 acre limitation on the "footprint" of leasing development in the Coastal Plain. However, if the current statutory prohibition against production of oil and gas anywhere in the Refuge is repealed, then oil and gas development and related activities could occur not only on the federal lands, but also on Native lands within the Refuge. Absent express language on the point, an acreage limitation would not apply to some, and possibly not to any, of the Native lands, in which case some or all of the more than 100,000 acres of such lands in the Refuge (inside and outside the officially designated Coastal Plain) could be developed. A 1983 Agreement with the Arctic Slope Regional Corporation (ASRC), a Native Regional Corporation, would govern oil exploration on ASRC subsurface and associated surface rights in the Refuge, unless these provisions are superseded by statute or regulations, and some assert that the environmental terms of the agreement are lenient. ASRC agreed to comply with statutes and regulations to protect wildlife, habitat, and the environment of the Coastal Plain. It is unclear whether some or all of ASRC's lands are subject to the 2,000 acre limit, and how that acreage might be allocated among ASRC and federal lessees. H.R. 6 gives primary responsibility for leasing to the Secretary of the Interior acting through the Director of the Bureau of Land Management rather than the Fish And Wildlife Service, the agency that implemented the oil exploration program for the Coastal Plain. The environmental standard in H.R. 6 -- "no significant adverse effect" -- has been used in the past, but could allow a range of adverse effects compared to other standards that have also been used. H.R. 6 also would limit the NEPA process applicable to leasing in ANWR, and limit and expedite judicial review. The bill states that leasing is to be under the Mineral Leasing Act (MLA), yet would establish a 50/50 revenue sharing formula different from the 90/10 formula in the MLA, a fact that might raise issues related to the Alaska Statehood Act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
35. Rivers of Ice.
- Author
-
Schwartzman, M.T.
- Subjects
GLACIERS ,TOURISM ,TRAVELERS ,WILDERNESS areas ,LANDSCAPES - Abstract
This article focuses on the exploration of Alaskan glaciers. At Mendenhall Glacier, the fog limited how far onr could see. Then — as if a curtain had suddenly been lifted — the clouds parted and the massive river of ice revealed itself, like a prehistoric apparition summoned to greet tourists. Of all the attractions Alaska offers, glaciers arc perhaps the most compelling. After all. Alaska is one of only a few places in the world where yon can still find tidewater glaciers — other cruise destinations include Chile and Scandinavia. A glacier is formed when snow falls high in the mountains and slowly compacts into ice. As it gels denser and heavier, the ice eventually begins to flow downhill. Every cruise of Alaska includes at least one day of "scenic cruising," which is spent in a park or wilderness area renowned for its glaciated landscape. The most sought-after destination for glacier viewing is the aptly named Glacier Bay National Park, where visitors find 12 tidewater glaciers. INSETS: WHO GOES THERE;GLACIERS 101.
- Published
- 2004
36. ADVENTURE for the SOUL.
- Author
-
Walker, Tom
- Subjects
NATIONAL parks & reserves ,WILDERNESS areas - Abstract
Presents the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in Alaska. Photographs of sceneries; Wildlife and natural landscapes; Description of the national park.
- Published
- 2004
37. Small Creatures in a Big Land.
- Author
-
Fair, Jeff
- Subjects
ANIMALS ,WILDERNESS areas - Abstract
Reports on small animals found in the wilderness of Alaska. Warblers; Short-tailed weasel; Red squirrel; Red-backed vole; Snowshoe hare; Shrews; Porcupine; Northern hawk owls; Arctic fox; Hoary marmots.
- Published
- 2003
38. Fit for a King.
- Author
-
Thomas Jr., E. Donnall
- Subjects
WEATHER ,AQUATIC resources ,WILDERNESS areas - Abstract
Provides basic information about Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. Weather condition; Abundance of aquatic resources; Scenery of the wilderness areas.
- Published
- 2003
39. Alaska's Giant of Ice and Stone.
- Author
-
Mitchell, John G.
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL parks & reserves , *WILDERNESS areas , *MOUNTAINS , *GLACIERS , *WILDLIFE conservation - Abstract
Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in Alaska protects more than 13 million acres of mountains, tundra, forests, ice fields--and solitude. At the park's headquarters near Copper Center--four hours by car from Anchorage, five if you take some time with the roadside views-a new visitor center had just opened. It was empty. So was the parking lot. Over at the administration building, Gary Candelaria, the superintendent, said an accurate head count of visitors was impossible because Wrangell-St. Elias has no tollbooths or entrance fee. His best guess, for visitors, was between 30,000 and 60,000 a year. That top figure is what Great Smoky Mountains National Park might expect on a summer weekend. Moreover, a visitor can't really experience this park the way one might driving through Yellowstone or Yosemite. There is no through here, only over. At 13.2 million acres, Wrangell-St. Elias is far and away the largest unit in the entire National Park System, nearly six times the size of Yellowstone. With Canada's Kluane National Park and Tatshenshini-Alsek Park next door, and the United States' Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve just around the corner, Wrangell-St. Elias and its neighbors embrace a United Nations World Heritage site that is the largest internationally protected wildland on Earth. Four majestic mountain ranges converge here: the outliers of the Alaska Range on the north, the volcanic Wrangells--part of the Pacific Rim's Ring of Fire--merging into the St. Elias Mountains in the center of the park, and the snaggle-toothed Chugach confronting the Gulf of Alaska on the southwest. Mount St. Elias tops out at 18,008 feet, the highest peak in the U.S. after Denali. Mount Wrangell, a 14,000-footer, remains tectonically active; plumes of steam occasionally rise hundreds of feet above its icy summit.
- Published
- 2003
40. 2003 Sierra Club Outings Over 350 ways to explore the world.
- Subjects
- *
PACKAGE tours , *ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. , *WILDERNESS areas - Abstract
Presents information on several package tours offered by Sierra Club Outings in 2003. Cost of the tours; Background on Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming; Discussion on the wilderness areas in Alaska.
- Published
- 2003
41. THE EIDER SANCTION.
- Author
-
Thomas Jr., E. Donnall
- Subjects
WILDERNESS areas ,POLYSTICTA ,HUNTING - Abstract
Shares the author and his friends' wilderness adventure at the Kodiak Island in Alaska. Hunting of eiders, north Pacific's sea ducks; Weather-related problems; Commercial uses of eiders; Eider species that inhabit Alaska.
- Published
- 2002
42. THE LAST GREAT WILDERNESS.
- Author
-
McGrath, Susan
- Subjects
- *
WILDERNESS areas ,ARCTIC National Wildlife Refuge (Alaska) - Abstract
Describes the Arctic National Wildlife Range in Alaska as the last great wilderness in the United States. Information on the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act; How John Schoen, senior scientist with the Audubon Alaska described the refuge in the book `Arctic Refuge: A Circle of Testimony'; Description of a trip to the refuge.
- Published
- 2001
43. Raising A Wild Child.
- Author
-
Kesselheim, Alan
- Subjects
BACKPACKING ,CHILDREN ,WILDERNESS areas - Abstract
Presents information on letting children experience backpacking in wilderness areas in Alaska.
- Published
- 2001
44. Lost Soul Or Yukon Slasher?
- Author
-
Hoffman, Dan
- Subjects
CAMPING ,WILDERNESS areas - Abstract
Presents an article on camping at a wilderness area, circumnavigating the Nation Creek drainage in Alaska.
- Published
- 2001
45. BRAHMS SYMPHONIES AND THE HERMIT THRUSH.
- Author
-
Heacox, Kim and Lentfer, Henry
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC lands , *CONSERVATIONISTS , *WILDERNESS areas - Abstract
Focuses on conservationists' efforts to protect public lands in Alaska. Vulnerability of Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge to development and industrialization; Increased pressures on wilderness areas; Decline of essence of wilderness.
- Published
- 2000
46. A BUSH YEAR.
- Author
-
Collins, Miki and Collins, Julie
- Subjects
WILDERNESS areas ,GORGES ,ADVENTURE & adventurers - Abstract
Presents the authors account of their travel to the Glacier, an area of wilderness and frozen ravine in Alaska. Dogs and horses that accompanied them on the journey; Range of activities that the authors did while on their journey; Celebration of the arrival of the millennium while on the trip.
- Published
- 2000
47. The Lure of Nameless Places.
- Author
-
Sherwonit, Bill
- Subjects
WILDERNESS areas ,NATIONAL parks & reserves - Abstract
Discusses the attraction of nameless places in the Gates of the Arctic in Alaska. Emotions evoked in explorers when in the arctic wilderness; Author's own experiences while exploring the Gates; Exploration and naming of some places in the Gates by Robert Marshall from 1929 to 1939; Plan for no more geographic naming in the Gates; Environmental benefits of not naming places in the Gates. INSET: Do It Yourself..
- Published
- 2000
48. AN ICE DAY FOR A HIKE.
- Author
-
Shute, Nancy
- Subjects
- *
VACATIONS , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *WILDERNESS areas , *PARK policy , *GLACIERS , *PLANNING - Abstract
Focuses on Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in Alaska as part of the magazine's special feature called "America's Best Vacations." Observations of the author about glaciers that came as a surprise, noting the use of steel spikes on crampons that made walking on solid ice easier; Number of yearly visitors to Wrangell-St. Elias, noting it's one of the least visited national parks in the United States; Plans of the National Park Service to increase visitation; Description of the town of McCarthy where the national park is located; Difficulty in getting to the park.
- Published
- 2005
49. The Wild Bunch.
- Subjects
- *
WILDERNESS areas ,ARCTIC National Wildlife Refuge (Alaska) - Abstract
Provides information on several places in the United States that are candidates for the status of a wilderness that needs to be protected. Grand Canyon National Park; Great Smoky Mountains National Park; Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. INSET: Land of the Burning Man.
- Published
- 1999
50. High, wild, and unknown.
- Author
-
Howe, Steve
- Subjects
BACKPACKING ,WILDERNESS areas - Abstract
Describes the author's backpacking trip in the Tordrillo Mountains, Alaska. Beauty of the wilderness area; Peaks and glaciers; Trip along Coal Creek; Description of the North and South Branch of Trimble Glacier. INSETS: Tordrillo mountains;How to deal with river crossings.
- Published
- 1999
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