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Purpose: We intended to investigate the risk for second primary malignancy (SPM) development in Laryngeal Cancer (LC) survivors. We conducted a population-based analysis of SPM risk using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods: Data of selected LC survivors from the SEER database between 2000 and 2020 were examined. Standardized Incidence ratios (SIRs) for SPM development were calculated, followed by detailed stratification according to anatomical site and different latency periods. Results: A total of 8413 SPMs were observed in our extracted cohort. The collective standardized incidence of SPMs was 2.12 (95% CI 2.07–2.17) compared to the US population, with an absolute excess risk (AER) of 201.73 per 10,000 individuals. The highest SPM risks were observed in patients with young age at diagnosis, females, and American Indians/Alaska natives. Increased SPM risks were reported in patients receiving all modalities of treatment including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Most SPMs were detected in solid organs such as the lungs and bronchus, oral cavity and pharynx, and prostate. The highest increased risks of developing SPMs were observed in Trachea, larynx, oral cavity and pharynx, lung and bronchus, and esophagus. Conclusions: The risk of SPMs in LC survivors was significantly increased compared to the general US population. Accordingly, a more impactful cancer surveillance strategy for LC patients should be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gliomas are the most common type of primary central nervous system tumor for both children and adults. However, the influence of racial/ethnic disparities on the survival of children with gliomas has not been fully evaluated yet. Baseline characteristics of patients, including sex, year of diagnosis, surgery, grade, radiation, histology, and races, were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses for overall survival (OS) were performed using Cox proportional hazards regression model. Survival curves were plotted using Kaplan-Meier methods. A total of 4400 childhood patients were enrolled, including 2516 non-Hispanic whites (NHWs), 1050 Hispanic whites (HWs), 519 blacks, 282 Asians or Pacific Islanders (APIs), and 33 American Indian/Alaska Natives. NHWs had the longest overall survival (OS), whereas blacks had the shortest OS (P = 0.003). Stratified by histologic type, OS of children with astrocytoma was better among NHWs and HWs than among blacks and APIs (P = 0.004). OS of children with ependymoma was better among NHWs and APIs than among HWs and blacks (P = 0.008). However, no significant difference was observed in OS for children with medulloblastoma (P = 0.854). Survival outcomes varied significantly by race/ethnicity among childhood gliomas. Better management of childhood gliomas is warranted to close the survival gap between race/ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among Alaska Native (AN) women. We examined characteristics of and trends for female breast cancer among AN women. We assessed descriptive statistics, incidence trends (1969-2014), and cause-specific survival for female breast cancers recorded in the Alaska Native Tumor Registry. Results indicated that the majority of breast cancers among AN were diagnosed among women aged over 50 years, at local stage, and with Hormone receptor (HR) + /Human Epidermal Growth Factor (HER) 2 - subtype. Five-year average incidence (95% CI) in the most recent time-period (2009-2014) was 145.0/100,000 (130.4, 159.5)); this was not statistically different from the previous time-period. Survival from breast cancer was high and varied by stage and cancer subtype. Hazard of death was greater among those diagnosed with regional/distant/unknown disease, relative to local disease (HR (95%CI): 4.65 (1.66, 12.98)), and higher among those with HER2 - /HR - cancers, relative to those with HER2-/HR+ cancers (HR (95%CI): 6.59 (2.23, 19.49)). This study provides a comprehensive description of breast cancer among AN women, providing new and updated information on clinical and demographic factors, cancer incidence trends, regional variations and breast cancer survival. Abbreviations: AIAN: American Indian/Alaska Native; AN: Alaska Native; ANMC: Alaska Native Medical Center; ANTR: Alaska Native Tumor Registry; CI: Confidence Interval; HR: Hazard Ratio; ICD-O-3: International Classification of Diseases for Oncology - Third Edition; NHW - Non-Hispanic Whites; SEER: Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results.