Search

In the context of economic sanctions, the problem of supplying food additives, including stabilizers and thickeners, which are important in the production of fermented milk products, remains relevant for many enterprises; the development of a fermented milk product – sour cream, using whey protein hydrolysate as a technological additive is relevant. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of whey protein hydrolysate on the technological process of manufacturing a fermented milk product, sour cream, and the quality indicators of the final product. The results of the acidity study showed that in the experimental samples, the ripening process occurred faster than in the control sample. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that whey protein hydrolysate can be used as a technological additive in the production of fermented milk products to improve quality indicators.

Since 2021, the Sverdlovsk region has switched to the cultivation and use of dairy cattle of the Holstein breed, obtained as a result of long-term use of the global gene pool of Holstein bulls. Evaluation of the effectiveness of rearing repair heifers from different servicing bulls is relevant and has practical significance. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that repair heifers increased their live weight with age, which by the age of 18 months reached from 508.0 kg (daughter of Thunderlight bull) to 529.3 kg (daughter of Seiner bull). The daughters of the Seiner bull have a higher growth rate. The daughters of the Thunderlight bull had lower live weight indicators for growth periods. The patterns of change in the average daily body weight gains in heifers-daughters of the evaluated servicing bulls were the same and corresponded to the general patterns of animal growth and development. The cultivation of repair young animals on the farm is profitable at a profitability level of 16.5-21.6%. Thus, the servicing bull has an impact on the growth and development of repair heifers, daughters, who are used to renew the herd. They differ in their features, despite the general patterns of growth and have different growth rates.

Sverdlovsk region is one of the leading regions in milk production. The main livestock of dairy cattle is represented by the Holstein breed, obtained as a result of long-term use of the global gene pool of Holstein servicing bulls. The assessment of the productive qualities of dairy cattle of the Holstein breed, including consideration of linear origin, is relevant and has practical significance. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the farm is dominated by the number of cows of the Vis Back Ideal line, which account for more than 65.8% of the total number of cows. There is an unreliable insignificant difference in favor of cows of the Reflection Sovering line between groups of animals of different genealogical lines for the first and third lactation. With age, there is a decrease in milk quality indicators, such as FMF and PMF in milk from cows of all genealogical lines, which confirms the natural negative relationship between milk yield and milk quality indicators. The absorption of dairy black-and–white cattle of the domestic breed by the gene pool of the world’s most abundantly dairy breed, the Holstein, led to an increase in milk yields and the milk yield coefficient of these cows is much higher than 1000 kg. Despite the fact that the difference in milk yield is unreliable and the variation of the trait within each group along the line is quite significant, this is indicated by indirect traits such as the coefficient of milk production, milk yield for full-age lactation, etc., origin affects the productive qualities of cows.

Today, there is a trend of increasing demand for products made from plant materials, especially the demand for plant-based drinks. Many enterprises adhere to the technology of producing these drinks from whole grain raw materials. In this regard, at the enterprises, producing these products, the volumes of secondary plant raw materials, meal, have increased, the issue of processing of which has not yet been fully resolved. Sensory and physicochemical characteristics of whole grain oats were determined, and the results showed that this raw material is suitable for subsequent processing. Based on the results of the research, it was established that the prepared dietary fiber preparation from oats has high functional and technological indicators and a degree of hydration, as well as low moisture content, which increase the yield and improve the quality of the finished product. These results allow us to conclude that the obtained dietary fiber preparation can be used in the future for food production.

This article discusses the choice of a model for development of agriculture and, accordingly, rural areas, taking into account the economic and environmental approach. The main producers of agricultural products and users of land resources are not only large and small agricultural organizations, but also personal subsidiary plots. The efficiency of use of land resources by households is much higher than in other agricultural organizations. Personal subsidiary plots in production of agricultural products use resource-saving technologies. Today, personal subsidiary plots remain without due attention from the state, business and the scientific community. They are also deprived of economic, financial, informational, technological, and human resources. As a practical implementation of theoretical conclusions, the article offers the implementation of the Bioekopolis project. In the territory of the Kanashsky district of the Chuvash Republic on the basis of Atalanu LLC from 2016 to 2021. experimental work was carried out to create individual elements of a small-scale rural settlement based on the principles of bioecopolis. The results of scientific and experimental design work, the experience of operating a residential building and outbuildings, the established operating mode of innovation gave the basis for development of an innovative project and the opportunity for its subsequent replication.

Purebred stud bulls of a related Holstein breed are widely used when breeding domestic black-and-white cattle breeds. Results’ evaluation of using these stud bulls by offspring quality is relevant and has practical significance. Stud bulls of the Vis Back Ideal 1013415 line were evaluated in one of the breeding farms of the Moscow region. As a result, it was found that all the evaluated stud bulls had a high breeding value. Bulls Trubach 174 - A1; Nog Odin-M 490626 - A1; Lowlands-M 427373367 – A2 were assigned categories by milk yield, bulls Memory-M 54215651 – B2; Fern-M 107901925 - B1; Lowlands-M 427373367 – B1. The evaluation of nutrients’ yield with milk showed that when using the offspring of Memory-M 54215651 bull, negative results were obtained despite that it has a category B2. According to the nutrients’ yield with milk. Thus, stud bulls of the Vis Back Ideal 1013415 line: Trubach 174; Nog Odin-M 490626; Memory-M 54215651; Fern-M 107901925; Lowlands-M 427373367 can be used on the farm considering their breeding value. Lowlands-M 427373367 bull with category A2 B1 requires wider use.

The Ural type of the domestic black-and-white breed is characterized by high productivity and good suitability for use in the conditions of industrial milk technology. During its breeding, the use of purebred bulls-producers of the Holstein breed of both domestic and foreign breeding continues. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the productivity of cows changes significantly with age. Milk yield for 305 days of lactation increases from 1 lactation to 3 lactation, and then decreases by 369 kg or 3.8% in the fourth, relative to the third, and by 2090 kg or 22.2% in the fifth, relative to the fourth. The productivity of full-aged cows is higher than that of young cows and can remain at a high level for a long period. The quality indicators of milk changed upward from the first to the fifth lactation. High correlation coefficients were established by the conjugation of milk quality indicators with each other, regardless of lactation. They ranged from 0.364 (2 lactation) to 0.533 (1 lactation). That is, a decrease or increase in MJ in milk will lead to the same change in MDB.