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[EN] The presence and distribution of Rhyacophila fasciata Hagen 1859 in Europe were revised, based on bibliographic study, collection specimens, and new material collected in different countries. The status of formerly synonymized species, Rhyacophila ferruginea (Scopoli 1763) and Rhyacophila septentrionis McLachlan 1865 was also assessed. The type of R. ferruginea is missing, the taxon is still unidentified, and thus we propose Rhyacophila ferruginea as a nomen dubium. Morphological features and genetic evidence revealed that R. septentrionis differs from R. fasciata, so we propose to change its status to status resurrectus. We therefore include new descriptions of the different stages (larva, pupa, male, and female) of R. fasciata and of R. septentrionis, together with a molecular analysis based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) and ecological notes. The species R. coppai Oláh 2020 NEW SYNONYM and R. soreda Coppa & Oláh 2020 NEW SYNONYM are synonyms of R. sociata Navás 1916; the species R. kopasa Oláh & Coppa 2020 NEW SYNONYM and R. rova Oláh & Coppa 2020 NEW SYNONYM are synonyms of R. denticulata McLachlan 1879; the species R. matrensis Oláh & Szcz¿sny 2020 is probably a synonym of R. fasciata, so more study of this species is needed in order to confirm or deny that it is a valid species., [ES] Se ha revisado la presencia y distribución de Rhyacophila fasciata Hagen 1859 en Europa, basada en el estudio de la bibliografía, especímenes de colecciones y en nuevo material recolectado en diferentes países. Se evaluó asimismo el estado de las especies anteriormente sinonimizadas Rhyacophila ferruginea (Scopoli 1763) y Rhyacophila septentrionis McLachlan, 1865. El ejemplar tipo de R. ferruginea se ha perdido y el taxón permanece todavía sin identificar, por lo que proponemos Rhyacophila ferruginea como un nomen dubium. Las características morfológicas y las evidencias genéticas indican que R. septentrionis difiere de R. fasciata, por lo que proponemos un cambio de estatus a status resurrectus. Se incluyen nuevas descripciones de las distintas etapas (larva, pupa, machos y hembras) de R. fasciata y de R. septentrionis, junto con el análisis molecular del gen mitocondrial Citocromo Oxidasa subunidad I (COImt), y notas ecológicas. Las especies R. coppai Oláh 2020 NUEVO SINÓNIMO y R. soreda Coppa & Oláh 2020 NUEVO SINÓNIMO son sinónimos de R. sociata Navás 1916; las especies R. kopasa Oláh & Coppa 2020 NUEVO SINÓNIMO y R. rova Oláh & Coppa 2020 NUEVO SINÓNIMO son sinónimos de R. denticulata McLachlan 1879; la especie R. matrensis Oláh & Szcz¿sny 2020 es probablemente un sinónimo de R. fasciata, por lo que se necesita un estudio más detallado para confirmarla o rechazarla como especie válida., This research is a part of scientific project “DNA barcoding of Croatian faunal biodiversity” (IP-2016-06-9988) funded by the Croatian Science Foundation. The work of P. Chvojka was supported by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic (DKRVO 2019-2023/5.I.b, National Museum, 00023272).

Global climate change and the accompanying rise in temperature could affect the biology and ecology of a number of vectors, including mosquitoes. High altitude areas that were previously unsuitable for the spread of mosquito vector populations could become suitable. The aim of this research was to study the distribution of mosquito species in higher altitude regions of Croatia. Samples were collected in three areas: Slavonian Mountains, Gorski Kotar, and Middle Velebit. Specimens were morphologically determined and confirmed by DNA barcoding and other genetic markers and showed the presence of 16 species belonging to six genera. The most abundant species were the Culex pipiens complex with 50% of the collected specimens. Both pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) and molestus (Forskal, 1775) biotypes and their hybrids were identified within the complex, followed by Culex torrentium (Martini, 1925) (20.2%), Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart, 1838) (8.5%), and the invasive species Aedes japonicus (Theobald, 1901) (7.8% of the total number of collected specimens). The remaining 12 species made up 14.7% of the collected specimens. Intraspecific COI p-distances were within the standard barcoding threshold for OTUs, while interspecific genetic distances were much higher, confirming the existence of barcoding gaps. Mosquito fauna of Croatian mountains showed a moderate variety and made 30.8% of the total number of recorded mosquito species in Croatia thus far.

[EN] We present the description of two new subspecies of the Rhyacophila fasciata Group: Rhyacophila fasciata delici Ku¿ini¿ & Valladolid (ssp. nov.), broadly distributed in Croatia and present also in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and R. fasciata viteceki Valladolid & Ku¿ini¿ (ssp. nov.), found in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Our study of the morphology of adults, as well as our analysis of the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene and geographical distribution confirm the differences of the two new subspecies with the nominal species R. f. fasciata, also found in both countries., [ES] Se presenta la descripción de dos nuevas subespecies del Grupo Rhyacophila fasciata: Rhyacophila fasciata delici Kučinić& Valladolid (ssp. nov.), ampliamente distribuida en Croacia y presente también en Bosnia y Herzegovina y R. fasciata vitecekiValladolid & Kučinić (ssp. nov.), encontrada en Bosnia y Herzegovina. El estudio de la morfología de los adultos, así como el análisis de la citocromo oxidasa I mitocondrial (COImit) y la distribución geográfica confirma las diferencias de las dos nuevas subespecies con la especie nominal R. f. fasciata, también presente en ambos países., This research is a part of scientific project “DNA barcoding of Croatian faunal biodiversity” (IP–06–2016–9988) funded by the Croatian Science Foundation.

The paper brings data about the new findings of the rare Mediterranean caddisfly species Micropterna wageneri Mal. in Croatia with first data of DNA barcoding for this species. The species is recorded in Konavle region and on the Mt. Biokovo. We also present the diversity of the genus Micropterna in Croatia and discuss issues related to the DNA barcoding for this genus in Croatia and Europe.

Presence of mollusk assemblages was studied within red coralligenous algae Corallina officinalis L. along the southern Istrian coast. C. officinalis turfs can be considered a biodiversity reservoir, as they shelter numerous invertebrate species. The aim of this study was to identify mollusk species within these settlements using DNA barcoding as a method for detailed identification of mollusks. Nine locations and 18 localities with algal coverage range above 90% were chosen at four research areas. From 54 collected samples of C. officinalis turfs, a total of 46 mollusk species were identified. Molecular methods helped identify 16 gastropod, 14 bivalve and one polyplacophoran species. COI sequences for two bivalve species (Musculus cf. costulatus (Risso, 1826) and Gregariella semigranata (Reeve, 1858)) and seven gastropod species (Megastomia winfriedi Peñas &amp, Rolán, 1999, Eatonina sp. Thiele, 1912, Eatonina cossurae (Calcara, 1841), Crisilla cf. maculata (Monterosato, 1869), Alvania cf. carinata (da Costa, 1778), Vitreolina antiflexa (Monterosato, 1884) and Odostomia plicata (Montagu, 1803)) represent new BINs in BOLD database. This study contributes to new findings related to the high biodiversity of mollusks associated with widespread C. officinalis settlements along the southern coastal area of Istria.

In a recent 3-gene phylogeny of the trichopteran subfamily Drusinae Banks 1916, molecular data clearly correlated with the morphology and feeding ecology of larvae. The largest of three main groups, the Drusinae grazer clade, exhibits an unusual larval feeding ecology for Limnephilidae, and is the most diverse group. In this paper we describe four previously unknown Drusinae larvae included in this clade: Drusus balcanicus Kumanski, 1973 (micro-endemic to Eastern Balkans), Drusus botosaneanui Kumanski, 1968 (Dinaric Western Balkans, Hellenic and Eastern Balkan, Asia Minor), Drusus serbicus Marinković-Gospodnetić, 1971 (micro-endemic to Dinaric Western Balkans), and Drusus tenellus (Klapálek, 1898) (Carpathians, Dinaric Eastern Balkans). Characteristically, the larvae of these species have toothless mandibles typical of the Drusinae grazer clade. Larvae and adults were unambiguously associated using a phylogenetic analysis based on two mitochondrial [mtCOI, mtLSU (=16S) rDNA] and two nuclear genes (nuWG, nuCAD). In addition, information on the morphology of the larvae is given and the diagnostic features necessary for identification are illustrated.

Elmis rietscheli Steffan, 1958 (Coleoptera: Elmidae) is a typical inhabitant of cold springs and small streams in the mountainous areas of Central Europe. Recently, three specimens of E. rietscheli were collected in the source area of the Šumi, a stream flowing from Mt Ivanščica, northern Croatia. The morphological identification of the specimens was confirmed by DNA barcoding. This is the first record of E. rietscheli from Croatia, and it represents the southernmost record for this species known to date., Tipična srednjoeuropska vrsta vodenog kornjaša iz porodice slapoljuba, Rietschelijev slapoljub, Elmis rietscheli Steffan, 1958 (Coleoptera: Elmidae), naseljava hladne izvore i malene vodotoke u središnjoj Europi. Tri primjerka ove vrste prikupljena su na području planine Ivanščice na izvoru potoka Šumi. DNA barkodiranje potvrdilo je morfološku identifikaciju jedinki. To je prvi nalaz vrste E. rietscheli za faunu Hrvatske te predstavlja do sada najjužniju zabilježenu točku rasprostranjenja te vrste.

In the following paper, new information about the occurrence of the pyraloid moth Euclasta splendidalis (Herrich-Schäffer, [1848]) in Croatia is presented. Although this species from the microlepidopterous family Crambidae was presented as a new one in the Croatian fauna in 2012, three specimens were discovered during an examination of a large number of pyraloid moths collected by Mladen Kučinić in the 1990s. These specimens of Euclasta splendidalis were collected during several field trips to the Neretva Valley, south Dalmatia, in August 1996 and 1997 and are the oldest findings of Euclasta splendidalis in Croatia. Also, two specimens were collected during a field investigation in the same area conducted in 2016. These additional records suggest that this local and rare species has been present in the fauna of Croatia for quite a long time and that it has become permanently present in the fauna of Croatia. They also deepen the knowledge on the distribution of this species within the same area. Furthermore, a list of additionally recorded pyraloid species from the valley of the Neretva River is given., U radu iznosimo podatake o novim nalazima vrste livadnog moljca Euclasta splendidalis (Herrich-Schäffer, [1848]) u Hrvatskoj. Iako je ova vrsta mikrolepidoptera iz porodice Crambidae 2012. godine zabilježena kao nova vrsta za faunu Hrvatske, tri su primjerka pronađena pregledavajući zbirku Pyraloidea dr. sc. Mladena Kučinića prikupljenih tijekom 1990-tih godina. Primjerci vrste Euclasta splendidalis su prikupljeni tijekom terenskih istraživanja u dolini Neretve, u južnoj Dalmaciji, u kolovozu 1996. i 1997. godine. Ovi nalazi predstavljaju najstarije nalaze ove vrste s područja Republike Hrvatske. Usto, dva su primjerka ulovljena tijekom terenskih istraživanja koja su izvršena 2016. godine u dolini Neretve. Ovi dodatni nalazi ukazuju na to da je ta lokalna i rijetka vrsta duže prisutna u fauni Hrvatske, te da je postala stalni element hrvatske faune. Ovi nalazi također proširuju znanje o distribuciji vrste Euclasta splendidalis na istome području. Nadalje se u radu daje popis dodatnih vrsta Pyraloidea zabilježenih na području doline Neretve.

Annitella apfelbecki is one of three Annitella species with distribution ranges restricted to the Balkan Peninsula. In this paper, we describe the hitherto unknown female of A. apfelbecki and give the most important morphological features to enable its identification and separation from the other Annitella females. Additionally, we provide new data on distribution and discuss zoogeography, life cycle and ecology of this species.

The paper presents a description of the hitherto unknown larva of Ecclisopteryx malickyi Moretti 1991. Information for the identification of this species is given, and the most important diagnostic features are illustrated. Some zoogeographical and ecological notes are added. Furthermore, larval morphology of the whole genus is discussed and differentiating characters are given.

The hitherto unknown larva of Annitella apfelbecki (Klapalek, 1899) is described and discussed in the context of contemporary Limnephilidae keys. In addition, its life cycle is discussed, and zoogeographical and ecological notes are included. Finally, we provide some additional information on the morphologically very similar larva of Melampophylax nepos (McLachlan, 1880).

The paper discusses the biological and ecological characteristics and distribution of 12 caddisfly species that have been ascertained to be rare, or even discovered for the first time, in Croatia: Rhyacophila palmeni, R. vulgaris, Glosossoma conformis, Wormaldia pulla, Hydroptila forcipata, Plectrocnemia geniculata, Micrasema minimum, Limnephilus graecus, Ceraclea riparia, Oecetis notata, Setodes punctatus and S. bulgaricus. Of these, the species that have been newly established for Croatia are: Plectrocnemia geniculata, Ceraclea riparia, Oecetis notata and Setodes bulgaricus, while the presence of the species Rhyacophila vulgaris, Micrasema minimum and Setodes punctatus has been established with confidence in the Croatian fauna for the first time (precise data of localities).

We describe a new autumnal caddisfly species Chaetopteryx bucari sp. n. from 8 localities in the Banovina region of Croatia. We also present molecular, taxonomic and ecological notes (emergence, sex ratio and seasonal dynamics) on the new species and discuss the distribution of Chaetopteryx species in general and the C. rugulosa group in particular. Based on Bayesian phylogenetic analysis C. rugulosa schmidi was separated from the clade containing the other subspecies of C. rugulosa. Thus the subspecies C. r. schmidi is here raised to species level, C. schmidi, as it was described originally. We further present distribution data on rare species in the genus Chaetopteryx in Croatia.

Geographic isolation, altitude, climate, landscape and habitat are significant predictors of butterfly diversity in mountain ecosystems. Their diversity and its dependence on altitude, aspect (compass bearing) and biogeographic characteristics of the butter- flies were surveyed on the karst mountain Biokovo in southern Croatia. The results affirm that there is a high diversity of butterflies in the study area and the species composition and biogeographic elements are more dependent on altitude than aspect of the moun- tain. The present study indicates that climate, relief and habitat preferences strongly influence the biogeographic features of species and the relationship between species richness per site and altitude, aspect and the altitude-aspect interaction.

In the Swiss Jura adults of Drusus mixtus and unknown Drusinae larvae which could not be identified with existing keys were sampled. Based on ripe pupae, the unknown larvae were identified as D. mixtus . The association was confirmed by specimen rearing in aquaria. Based on morphology, larvae of D. mixtus key out together with Drusus croaticus in existing keys. D. mixtus is separated from the latter species by the shape of the anteromedian metanotal sclerites which are broadly triangular, whereas in D. croaticus the sclerites are almost parallel-sided, resembling a stretched rectangle. In addition, the two species are geographically well separated: D. croaticus is restricted to the confines of Croatia and Slovenia, whereas D. mixtus is only present in Switzerland and eastern France. With this present paper, all Central European Drusinae species except Drusus chapmani McL, 1901, (France, Switzerland) and D. noricus Malicky, 1981, an endemic from the Saualpe (Carinthia, Austria), are known in the larval stage.

Species of the genus Drusus usually inhabit cold springs and spring areas of mountain streams. Isolation of populations and a patchy distribution are reasons for high diversity and endemism in this genus. Nine taxa from the bosnicus group (genus Drusus) live in the Balkan Peninsula (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia). This study has two main objectives. First, morphological, ecological, and genetic features (mitochondrial COI and 16S genes) of the final larval instar of Drusus radovanovici radovanovici from Bosnia and Herzegovina are analysed. Association of larvae and adults of D. radovanovici radovanovici is carried out according to genetic data (mitochondrial DNA) of adults and larvae, and supported by their distribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Second, phylogeny, taxonomy and distribution of taxa of the bosnicus group in the Balkan Peninsula are discussed. The analysis includes morphological and genetic data for the known larvae of the genus Drusus distributed in the Balkans. As a consequence, both subspecies of Drusus radovanovici are ranked as species (D. radovanovici and D. septentrionis stat. n.), and the status of other taxa from the bosnicus group is discussed. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

The larva of Tinodes braueri McLachlan 1878 is described for the first time and compared with the larvae of other species in the genus. In addition, notes on the zoogeography and ecology of the species are included.

In this study we present morphological features of the last instar larvae of Drusus ramae Marinković-Gospodnetić, 1971, and Drusus medianus Marinković-Gospodnetić, 1976, both of which are endemic species from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI), larvae of these species were successfully associated with adult specimens. We present the most important diagnostic features enabling separation from larvae of the other Drusus species and an identification key for the known larvae of Drusus species in the Balkan Peninsula. Notes on the distribution and ecology of both species are given. Additionally, faunistics and possible conservation implications for studied springs are discussed.