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The dataset presented in this data paper supports “Breaking down insect stoichiometry into chitin-based and internal elemental traits: Patterns and correlates of continent-wide intraspecific variation in the largest European saproxylic beetle” (Orlowski et al. 2020). Here we present the supplementary data and description of methods on the following: (1) mass of elytra and abdomens across 28 local Stag Beetle Lucanus cervus populations in Europe. (2) Population origin and coverage of six major land-cover types, including transport infrastructure, measured in three radii (500 m, 1000 m and 5000 m) around the sampling sites of these populations. (3) The relationship between the mass and concentrations of elements measured in abdomens and elytra in 28 Stag Beetle populations and major land-cover types around the sampling sites.

Two new species from the genera Calambus Thomson 1859 and Hypoganus Kiesenwetter, 1858 (tribe Prosternini Gistel, 1856 ), from China are described and illustrated. These are the first species of Calambus and the second species of Hypoganus recorded from China. Additionally, we provide distributional data for Hypoganus tibetis Cechovský and Kubaň 1997.

Stoichiometric, trophic and ecotoxicological data have traditionally been acquired from patterns of variation in elemental traits of whole invertebrate bodies, whereas the critical issue of the extracellular origin of some portion of elements, such as those present in ingested food and internal organs, has been ignored. Here we investigated an unexplored, yet crucial, question relating to whether, and to what degree, metals from two major body fractions: exoskeleton (elytra) and internal (body organs with gut material present in abdomens), are correlated with each other in wild populations of the largest European saproxylic insect, the Stag Beetle Lucanus cervus, and how metals from these two fractions vary with insect size and local habitat conditions. We examined the continent-wide variation in the concentrations of 12 chemical elements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, As, Cd, Pb and Ni) measured in the elytra and abdomen of specimens from 28 populations inhabiting an urban-woodland habitat gradient across the species’ entire distributional range from Spain to Russia. Across populations, elemental concentrations (except Ni and Pb) were 2–13 times higher in abdominal samples than in elytra, and the magnitude of these differences was related to both insect size and local habitat conditions. Smaller individuals from both woodland and urban habitat tended to have higher concentrations of trace elements (Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Ni). The concentration of only six elements (Mg, K, Na, Mn, Cd and Ni) was correlated in the elytra and abdomen at the individual and population levels, implying a limitation to the broader applicability of elytra as a surrogate for internal elemental pools. We highlight that in non-feeding adult saproxylic beetles, minerals, acquired during the larval stage, may be concentrated in the large quantities of residual body fat.

The last larval instar of Alaus melanops LeConte, 1863 (Coleoptera: Elateridae) is described. Morphological characters of the larva such as general morphology of antenna, frons, clypeus, mandible, maxillolabial complex, lacinia and galea, maxillary palp, labium, and abdominal terga are documented and discussed. Data on the natural history and distribution are provided.

Description of the last larval instar (based on larvae or exuviae) of Anthrenus (Helocerus) minutus (Erichson, 1848), Anthrenus (Nathrenus) biskrensis (Reitter, 1886), and Anthrenus (Nathrenus) signatus (Erichson, 1848; Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is presented. Morphological characters of Anthrenus larvae such as general morphology of antenna, epipharynx, mandible, maxilla, ligula with labial palpi, hastisetae, legs, and terga, and condition of antecostal suture, are documented and discussed. Structural differences among mature larvae of the following Anthrenus species are compared and summarized: Anthrenus coloratus (Reitter, 1881), Anthrenus delicatus delicatus (Kiesenwetter, 1851), Anthrenus flavipes flavipes (LeConte, 1854), Anthrenus fuscus (Olivier, 1789), Anthrenus museorum (L., 1761), Anthrenus latefasciatus (Reitter, 1892), Anthrenus oceanicus (Fauvel, 1903), Anthrenus olgae (Kalík, 1946), Anthrenus picturatus makolskii (Mroczkowski, 1950), Anthrenus pimpinellae pimpinellae (F., 1775), Anthrenus sarnicus (Mroczkowski, 1963), Anthrenus scrophulariae scrophulariae (L., 1758), Anthrenus sophonisba (Beal, 1998), and Anthrenus verbasci (L., 1767).

SummaryDescription of the last larval instar (based on exuvia) of Anthrenus delicatus delicatus Kiesenwetter 1851, A. picturatus makolskii Mroczkowski 1950 and A. sophonisba Beal 1998 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is presented. Notes about the biology of A. picturatus makolskii and A. sophonisba are provided. Several morphological characters of Anthrenus larvae are documented: antenna, epipharynx, mandibula, maxilla, ligula with labial palpi, hastisetae, legs, terga, and condition of antecostal suture are documented, and discussed. Structural differences among mature larvae of the following Anthrenus species are compared and summarized: A. coloratus Reitter 1881, A. delicatus delicatus Kiesenwetter 1851, A. flavipes flavipes LeConte 1854, A. fuscus Olivier 1789, A. museorum (Linnaeus 1761), A. latefasciatus Reitter 1892, A. oceanicus Fauvel 1903, A. olgae Kalik 1946, A. picturatus makolskii Mroczkowski 1950, A. pimpinellae pimpinellae (Fabricius 1775), A. sarnicus Mroczkowski 1963, A. scrophulariae scrophular...

The species of the genus Hypdonus Fleutiaux 1928 are revised, six new species are described and illustrated, new records of known species of this genus are given, and a key to the species of the genus is provided. New species: Hypdonus johorensis n. sp., H. perakensis n. sp., H. planus n. sp., H. sulawesiensis n. sp., H. thailandicus n. sp., and H. vietnamensis n. sp. Resume. Especes nouvelles du genre Hypdonus Fleutiaux 1928 (Coleoptera : Elateridae). L'objet de la presente note est de reviser les especes du genre Hypdonus Fleutiaux 1928. A cette occasion, six especes nouvelles sont decrites et illustrees : Hypdonus johorensis n. sp., H. perakensis n. sp., H. planus n. sp., H. sulawesiensis n. sp., H. thailandicus n. sp., et H. vietnamensis n. sp. De nouvelles donnees sur la repartition geographique d'especes deja connues ainsi qu'un tableau dichotomique permettant d'identifi er les especes du genre Hypdonus sont proposes.

Eight new species of the tribe Quasimusini Schimmel et Tarnawski, 2009 from China, Indonesia, and Himalaya (Bhutan and Sikkim) are described and illustrated. New records on two known species from Laos are given. Wittmeroquasimus irianjayensis sp. nov. is the first of the genus Wittmeroquasimus, and Striatoquasimus carinatissimus sp. nov. is the second species of the genus Striatoquasimus recorded from Indonesia. Keys to the species of the genus Wittmeroquasimus from China and from Himalaya are provided. New species: Quasimus wrasei sp. nov., Striatoquasimus carinatissimus sp. nov., Wittmeroquasimus fujianensis sp. nov.

Eight new species of the tribe Megapenthini from the Indonesian island Sulawesi are described and illustrated: Abelater bosi sp. nov., A. buechei sp. nov., A. dongalaensis sp. nov., A. jakubi sp. nov., Cateanus sulawesiensis sp. nov., Friedrichiellus bosi sp. nov., Simodactylus saetosus sp. nov., and Xanthopenthes dongalaensis sp. nov. New records of further eight species of the tribe Megapenthini from Sulawesi are given. Abelater brandti Schimmel, 2004, and A. jaechi Schimmel, 2004 are recorded from this island for the first time.

The species of the genus Athousius Reitter, 1905 from China are revised, described, illustrated, a key to species is given, and some systematic characters are discussed. The genus Thacana Fleutiaux, 1936 is re-established as a bona gen. and is excluded from the Chinese fauna in this paper. The following species are introduced as new to science: Athousius gansuensis sp. n., A. jiuzhaigonensis sp. n., A. muyupingensis sp. n., and A. shaanxiensis sp. n.