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4 results on '"training strain"'

1. Variations in Accumulated-Training Load Parameters and Locomotor Demand with Consideration of Puberty in Elite Young Soccer Players.

Author

Nobari, Hadi, shemshaki, Hamed Kia, Kamiş, Okan, Oliveira, Rafael, González, Pablo Prieto, and Mainer-Pardos, Elena

Subjects
*ELITE athletes, *VERTICAL jump, *AEROBIC capacity, *PUBERTY, *BODY composition, *SOCCER players
Abstract

Simple Summary: Scientific research has demonstrated that puberty status has a crucial influence on soccer players, and their energy demands are primarily determined by their aerobic capacity. In our investigation, we examined the relationships between maturation variables such as peak height velocity (PHV) and maturity offset with variations in accumulated-training load parameters and locomotor demands in elite young soccer players; the aim was to predict the percentage of changes in their performance ability with adjustments to the training load parameters considering maturation variables. Our study's main findings revealed a link between accumulated-training load parameters and locomotor demands. In addition, the acute:chronic workload, training monotony, and PHV values explained aerobic power performance. This study offers new valuable insights into the practice of accumulation and motor demand in young elite players. The study's purposes were to examine the associations of training load parameters with locomotor demand and puberty status in elite young soccer players and to predict the percentage of changes in their performance ability with adjustments to the training load parameters, using multivariate regression analysis, while considering PHV and maturity offset. Seventeen male players (15–16 years old) participated in this study. Anthropometrics, body composition, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), and puberty status (for calculating PHV) and maturity offset were assessed. The results demonstrated substantial differences between the PHV, VO2max, and load parameters (acute and chronic workload (CWL)) over a soccer season. A substantial relationship existed between the workload parameters (VO2max, CWL, and training monotony (TM)) and maturity offset. All of the variables, except for training strain, demonstrated significant variances in relation to the differences between the first and second halves (p < 0.05). Aerobic performance can be estimated using the CWL, TM, and maturity offset values (R2 = 0.46). On the contrary, aerobic power performance can be explained using the acute:chronic workload, TM, and PHV values (R2 = 0.40). In conclusion, the biological maturity state of young soccer players has a substantial impact on their functional potential. Variations in accumulated load contribute significantly to aerobic resistance, whereas weight and height contribute significantly to sprint and vertical-jump performance, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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2. Variations in Accumulated-Training Load Parameters and Locomotor Demand with Consideration of Puberty in Elite Young Soccer Players

Author

Hadi Nobari, Hamed Kia shemshaki, Okan Kamiş, Rafael Oliveira, Pablo Prieto González, and Elena Mainer-Pardos

Subjects
aerobic power, training strain, training monotony, football, maturation, youth, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The study’s purposes were to examine the associations of training load parameters with locomotor demand and puberty status in elite young soccer players and to predict the percentage of changes in their performance ability with adjustments to the training load parameters, using multivariate regression analysis, while considering PHV and maturity offset. Seventeen male players (15–16 years old) participated in this study. Anthropometrics, body composition, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), and puberty status (for calculating PHV) and maturity offset were assessed. The results demonstrated substantial differences between the PHV, VO2max, and load parameters (acute and chronic workload (CWL)) over a soccer season. A substantial relationship existed between the workload parameters (VO2max, CWL, and training monotony (TM)) and maturity offset. All of the variables, except for training strain, demonstrated significant variances in relation to the differences between the first and second halves (p < 0.05). Aerobic performance can be estimated using the CWL, TM, and maturity offset values (R2 = 0.46). On the contrary, aerobic power performance can be explained using the acute:chronic workload, TM, and PHV values (R2 = 0.40). In conclusion, the biological maturity state of young soccer players has a substantial impact on their functional potential. Variations in accumulated load contribute significantly to aerobic resistance, whereas weight and height contribute significantly to sprint and vertical-jump performance, respectively.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Fitness Assessment, Athlete's Monitoring Cycle and Training Interventions in Team Sports.

Author

Clemente, Filipe, Clemente, Filipe, and Sarmento, Hugo

Subjects
Humanities, Social interaction, BIA, GPS, Hooper index, Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test, RPE, RSA test, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1, ability-to-change-direction, acceleration, additional weight, adolescents, anaerobic performance, arm span, association football, asymmetry, athletes assessment, athletic performance, autonomic nervous system, balance, ball throwing, beach handball, body symmetry, cardiac autonomic, change of direction ability, correlation, counter movement jump, countermovement jump, deceleration, exercise training, external load, female, fitness assessment, football, hand size, heart rate, high-speed running, in-season, inertial measurement units, injury risk screening, internal load, isoinertial training, landing error score system, load monitoring, match, match analysis, match day, match location, match result, max speed, maximal isometric contraction strength, monitoring, motor performance, muscle soreness, muscles, neuromuscular, non-starters, notational analysis, nutritional status, performance, performance analysis, physiology, playing position characteristics, pre-season, repeated change of direction, repeated jump, s-RPE, segmental phase angle, situational variables, ski jumpers, small-sided games, soccer, soccer constraints, soccer training, speed, sports science, sports training, starters, statistical analysis, strength, strength and conditioning, strength training, stretch-shortening cycle, team sport performance, team sports, team sports performance, technology, time motion, training interventions, training load, training monotony, training strain, vagal tone, velocity, vertical jump, visceral fat area, winter sports, youth, youth athletes, youth handball players' characteristics
Abstract

Summary: Team sports training are progressively growing, and thus challenging strength and conditioning coaches and head coaches. As part of a well-prepared training strategy, it is important to establish a functional relationship among fitness assessment, load, and well-being monitoring and readiness analysis to identify the consequences of training stimulus for players. Each of these topics has already been isolated in research; however, it is important to bridge the gap between them and establish a greater and more comprehensive approach among fitness adaptations, training monitoring, and specific interventions performed. This may help us to achieve a clearer view of the big picture in terms of the consequences for players, such as, considering their exposure to successful biological adaptations or less successful cases, including illness or injuries. As it is clear that more research should be performed on the relationship among these dimensions and topics, the aim of the Special Issue on "Fitness Assessment, Athlete's Monitoring Cycle and Training Interventions in Team Sports" was to publish high-quality original investigations, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis in the research field of team sports. We have published 22 articles that cover the topics of performance assessment and relationships between fitness measures; training load monitoring, well-being, and readiness in team sports;training interventions; complementary strategies for performance (e.g., nutrition, supplementation, psychology, injury preventions, and recovery); and determinants of illness and injuries in players.

4. The Effect of Training Load and Training Stress on the Lung Health of Competitive Youth Swimmers

Author

Davies, Rachelle D.E.

Subjects
Training load, Airway obstruction, Training stress, Competitive, Airway hyperresponsiveness, Eucapnic Voluntary Hyperpnea, Swimming, Training strain, Elite, Swimmers, Internal training load, Airway inflammation, Youth, Respiratory symptoms, Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, Lung health, Spirometry, Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide, Training monotony
Abstract

Abstract: Background: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation, and respiratory symptoms are commonly observed in competitive swimmers. High ventilation during pool training with cumulative exposure to chlorine by-products likely influences such respiratory problems, however there is paucity of evidence to explain whether varying amounts of training influence the lung health of competitive swimmers. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the effect of increasing external training loads and internal training stress (the individual response to training) on AHR, inflammation, and respiratory symptoms of competitive youth swimmers. Hypothesis: We hypothesized overall lung health status would worsen with increased training loads. We predicted lung health would be the worst following a high training load block compared to moderate or low training blocks. Methods: Eight competitive youth swimmers (4 males, 4 females) from the same high-performance swimming group completed three blocks of training (three weeks in duration) classified as Low, Moderate, and High based on calculations of prescribed swimming distance and intensity. Swimmers completed a weekly self-report questionnaire to determine respiratory symptoms. Session Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) was reported daily to quantify internal training stress, which reflects the internal training load (product of RPE and training duration), internal training monotony (daily mean of training loads divided by the standard deviation), and internal training strain (product of load and monotony). Eucapnic Voluntary Hyperpnea (EVH) challenge, spirometry pre- and post-EVH, and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) were completed to determine the extent of AHR, EIB, and inflammation. Data from the three training were analyzed to determine whether an increase in training load resulted in significant differences in lung health measures across training blocks. Results: Swimmers had significantly decreased resting FEV1 after the Moderate training compared to Low, but there was no significant change after High. Maximum % decreases in FEV1 did not differ significantly across training blocks. Post-EVH FeNO after the Moderate block was also significantly decreased compared to Low. Internal load was significantly decreased after the Moderate block compared to High, while internal monotony was significantly decreased after Moderate compared to Low. Recovery from the EVH test (FEV1 at sampling intervals) was correlated with respiratory symptom frequency after training blocks. Conclusion: Increases in training load and monotony influence airway obstruction and inflammation in competitive youth swimmers. Swimmers in our study also had hyperresponsive airways, as revealed by the consistent decreases in FEV1 >10% upon provocation by EVH. Our results add to existing evidence that training with little variability in the daily training load (i.e. high monotony) may be a factor that facilitates the development of respiratory symptoms and could contribute to AHR and EIB in competitive swimmers. Thus, prescribing conservative increases in training load and maintaining low monotony in competitive swim programs may help reduce respiratory symptom frequency associated with EIB. However, further research is needed to determine the impact of varying training loads on long-term lung health and performance outcomes of swimmers over a season. Competitive swimming programs might benefit from implementing a lung health monitoring system that includes quantifying training loads, tracking respiratory symptoms, and measuring resting lung function.

Published
2018

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