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As emerging adults (18–25) establish food decision-making independence, this study examines personal and media influences on their recipe choices via segmented approach. A survey during COVID-19 (N = 556) assessed preferred recipe socialization agents (family members, friends, celebrity chefs, celebrities, food influencers). Two-step clustering identified three pre-COVID-19 and seven during-COVID-19 clusters with varying recipe socialization agents, revealing the dynamic, negotiated nature of recipe socialization in emerging adulthood, with both shared and differing preferences. The cluster shifts during COVID-19 reflected changes unique to emerging adulthood. These insights help scholars and foodservice businesses better understand emerging adult food consumer socialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examined the associations between music preferences, uses of music and personality factors and facets. The sample included 449 participants (50% female, M = 23.59, SD = 2.14) who indicated preferences for international and regional music styles that were classified into Reflective and Complex, Intense and Rebellious, Upbeat and Conventional, Energetic and Rhythmic, and Regional preferences, and filled in the Uses of Music Inventory and IPIP-300 questionnaire. After controlling for age, gender and uses of music, personality significantly added to the prediction of all music preferences, except Energetic and Rhythmic. Personality factors explained additionally from 9% to 21%, and facets from 18% to 34% of the music preference variance, respectively. Openness, as well as some openness facets, emerged as significant predictors for different music preferences. Our results indicate that when trying to explain preferences with personality traits, the personality traits should be measured at the facet level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an emerging pathological condition among emerging adults, causing significant distress and hindering daily life functioning. The increasing prevalence of NSSI highlights its importance as a crucial area requiring clinical attention. To devise effective interventions for managing NSSI, it is important to identify the factors contributing to its onset and maintenance. Therefore, the current study aims to explore emotional and cognitive factors to provide a holistic understanding of NSSI in emerging adults in the Pakistani context. For this purpose, a qualitative study was conducted using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with N = 10 self-injurers (mean age: 22.2 years) recruited through purposive sampling. Participants had engaged in self-injury at least five times in the past year without suicidal intent. The arm was identified as the most common site for self-injury, with cutting being the most frequently used method. Data from the transcribed interviews were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis. Three main themes—'emotional turbulence,' 'low distress tolerance,' and 'rumination'—and nine subthemes emerged, highlighting the emotional and cognitive factors contributing to the initiation and maintenance of NSSI. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the emotional and cognitive dimensions of NSSI in emerging Pakistani adults. These insights will aid in treatment planning and in selecting appropriate strategies for reducing and ultimately eradicating NSSI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mental health disorders are the third most common disorder in the Philippines, showing a need for further studies in this field among the Filipino population. Several studies have shown that sociodemographic characteristics and spirituality could influence the mental health of individuals, although there are sparse studies in the Philippines. Objectives: The present study explored the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and spirituality to depression, anxiety, and stress among emerging adults in Metro Manila. Methods: The study gathered data using a self-administered sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, the Core Dimensional Spirituality Questionnaire (CDSQ), and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS 21). The data collected was then analyzed through linear regression analysis. Results: More than half of the participants had significant scores for anxiety, while two out of five participants had significant scores for depression. Almost one out of five participants had significant scores for stress. Depression scores are positively associated with being LGBTQ+ and belief in God, while they are negatively associated with feelings of security. Similarly, anxiety scores are positively associated with being LGBTQ+. Likewise, stress scores are positively associated with being LGBTQ+ and age, while it is negatively associated with feelings of security. Conclusion: The findings suggest that LGBTQ+ emerging adults and those with older age may need additional focus in mental health programs. Likewise, mental health programs may also enhance their activities to increase an individual's security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackgroundObjectivesMethodsResultsConclusionAlcohol and pain frequently co-occur and interact in a positive feedback loop that maintains and exacerbates both conditions. The Expectancies for Alcohol Analgesia (EAA) is a recently developed, single-factor measure that assesses the extent to which individuals expect alcohol will reduce their pain. Alcohol-related outcome expectancies motivate drinking and predict drinking trajectories among emerging adults (18–24). The EAA was initially validated among adults with chronic pain who drink alcohol and has been associated with several indices of pain and alcohol. We are unaware of prior work that examined the psychometric properties of the EAA among emerging adults, who are at high-risk for developing positive expectancies regarding the utility of alcohol for pain management.The goal of this study was to examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the EAA among emerging adult college students.Emerging adult college students who endorsed lifetime alcohol use and varying pain levels (N = 555, 74.4% Female, 75.2% White) completed an online survey of pain and alcohol use.Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the single-factor structure was a good fit (CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, SRMR = 0.01, RMSEA = 0.04). Internal consistency was excellent (α = .95), and EAA scores were positively associated with alcohol consumption, alcohol-related consequences, drinking motives, and pain intensity and disability (ps < .01).These findings suggest the EAA is a valid and reliable measure for assessing expectancies for alcohol analgesia among emerging adult college students, which may also be a promising intervention target to include in expectancy challenge interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored how emerging adults processed the COVID-19 pandemic based on their identity, mental well-being, and political ideology. Participants (N = 231; Mage = 20.3; SD = 1.36) completed an online survey with five ordered measures: Dimensions of Identity Development Scale, pandemic processing narratives, pandemic experience questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire-8, and political ideology and demographic questionnaire. Analyses revealed that individuals with poorer mental well-being and/or more liberal political ideology self-reported more negative effects of the pandemic on their lives. Yet, aspects of emerging adults' identity development were associated with positive interpretation of experiences during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: Greater 'exploration in breadth' and 'identification with commitment' positively predicted redemptive arcs (finding the positive) in narratives about the pandemic. Finally, political ideology was an important factor in emerging adults' experience of the pandemic. Notably, conservative participants self-reported better mental well-being, fewer negative effects of the pandemic, and higher levels of identity commitment. Yet, conservative participants with high levels of 'commitment making' were less likely to find the positive when writing about negative events. Whereas, greater 'commitment making' reduced the likelihood of redemptive arcs when writing about a negative event, but only for those with a conservative political ideology. Together these results suggest that aspects of identity development may be protective when emerging adults face challenges and individual factors (e.g., well-being and political ideology) can also exert effects on emerging adults' ability to navigate global and political crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positive youth development (PYD) frameworks suggest that a critical response to investigating the challenges young Black men living in resource poor communities experience involves identifying contextual resources in young men's lives and personal assets that promote success. The following study examines heterogeneity in proactive coping assets trajectories, parental practices as predictors of developmental trajectories, and associated outcomes of each trajectory. The study sample consisted of Black emerging adult men living in rural Georgia (N = 504). At baseline, men were between the ages of 19 and 22 (Mage = 20.29; SD = 1.10). At wave four, the participants' mean age was 27.67 (SD = 1.39). Results of growth mixture modeling from waves 1 to 3 discerned three developmental trajectory classes of emerging adults' proactive coping assets: a high and increasing class (n = 247, 49%), a low and stable class (n = 212, 42%), and a moderate and decreasing class (n = 45, 9%). Trajectory classes were linked to baseline levels of parental support, coaching, and expectations. Analysis revealed that parental support and parental coaching predicted proactive coping asset trajectory class identification. Links were then investigated between emerging adults' proactive coping asset trajectory classes and wave four physical health, depression, and alcohol use. Results revealed significant associations between class identification, alcohol use, and physical health. Study findings provide evidence supporting the impact of parenting on emerging adult Black men, underscoring the need to expand resources that support parenting and emerging adult relationships. Highlights: Study results revealed three proactive coping asset development trajectories.Parental practices of support and coaching were predictors of men's trajectory class identification.Substance use and physical health were significantly associated with trajectory class identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study: Intolerance of uncertainty (IU), a disposition to see uncertainty as negative, is a unique construct associated with a number of internalizing disorders and has been a target in cognitive behavioral interventions. Given the overlap between internalizing disorders and alcohol use, exploring IU in the context of drinking behavior provides a promising area of inquiry. Past work identified associations between IU and drinking motives, important predictors of alcohol-related outcomes, with less work examining drinking behavior. Objective: We explored the role of IU and drinking motives on drinking patterns and potentially problematic drinking in a community sample of emerging adults (18–25 years). Method: Survey data was collected from 551 emerging adults (Mage = 22.26, SD = 2.25; 42.50% cisgender women, 42.28% cisgender men, 9.44% gender diverse; 37.93% white; 16.18% Hispanic/Latine) using an online participant recruitment tool. Participants completed demographic questions, motivations for drinking (DMQ-R), quantity and frequency of alcohol use (DDQ-R), potentially problematic drinking behavior (AUDIT), and attitudes towards uncertainty with a two-factor and single factor operationalization (IUS-27 and IUS-12). Results: Across models, statistically significant indirect effects were found, such that greater IU was associated with higher coping and enhancement motives and increased average and maximum drinks per week and AUDIT scores. Conclusion: While consistent with the prior literature, novel relations were found between IU and drinking indices via drinking motives. Future work should explore relations between IU and drinking outcomes longitudinally and whether interventions targeting IU have benefit in the prevention of maladaptive alcohol use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined emerging adults' cybermonitoring behaviors before, during, and after a romantic interaction. Given the abundance of information available online, behaviors representative of the less intrusive end of the continuum of cyberstalking (e.g., clicking on profile, viewing tagged photos) have become a common aspect of romantic interactions. Thus, this project focused predominately on those more mundane aspects of information seeking (i.e., cybermonitoring). Emerging adults between the ages of 18 and 29 (N = 240) and who had at least one previous romantic interaction completed an online survey regarding their experiences with cybermonitoring, engagement in cybermonitoring, and their motives for cybermonitoring. Analyses revealed that 94.4% of participants had engaged in cybermonitoring; often using Facebook (74.6%) and Instagram (75.4%) to engage in cybermonitoring on their perspective, current, or former romantic partners. Furthermore, they reported engaging in behaviors differentially, Wilks' = .19, F(17, 203) = 49.85, p < .001, p 2 = .81, with less intrusive behaviors (e.g., clicking on profile, viewing tagged photos) commonly used than more intrusive cyberstalking behaviors (e.g., creating fake profile, using location). Additionally, participants reported engaging in more cybermonitoring during their romantic relationship than before, t(191) = 5.78, p < .001, g = 0.35, or after, t(194) = 8.41, p < .001, g = 0.60, and more frequently before the interaction than after, t(192) = 3.70, p < .001, g = 0.21. Lastly, participants predominately reported engaging in cybermonitoring after a breakup for reasons related to curiosity about their ex-partner. How this information compares to prior research on cyberstalking is discussed. Ultimately, we posit that cybermonitoring may be a more appropriate term for representing emerging adults' online behaviors revolving around romantic interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Human sexuality courses are offered at most universities. Students often bring a breadth of experiences and a need for emotional processing of these narratives into these courses as it relates to course content. The purpose of this study was to expand research exploring emerging adults' sexuality narratives to be inclusive of positive stories. Methods: Guided by a semi-structured questionnaire, 113 students from two USA universities reflected in 2017 on their sexual history using an established educational activity asking students about their "best" and "worst" sexual experiences. Results: Qualitative analysis resulted in five themes describing their "Best" and four themes describing their "Worst" sexual experiences and one theme with dual meaning. "Best of" was highlighted by student themes of romance, beyond intercourse, emotional intimacy, listening, and safety. "Worst of" was highlighted by themes of physical health factors, alcohol and/or substance use/misuse factors, exploitation and victimization, and feelings of shame. The dual meaning theme of firsts emerged in both best of and worst of. Conclusions: Findings suggest that human sexuality courses must consider students' lived experiences. Further, we propose a call-to-action for clinically trained mental health professionals, such as social workers, as sexuality educators. Policy Implications: Universities should incorporate sexual health education policies that acknowledge students who bring a collection of sexuality stories to learning spaces. Centering a student's sexual voice also would support campus programs, policies, and interventions that benefit students. Finally, policies that guide professional accreditation of social work university programs to include sexual wellness content in the curricula are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emerging adults are underrepresented in standard behavioral weight loss interventions (BWLIs). Offering BWLIs in college health centers may help to address obesity in emerging adulthood by reducing student barriers associated with participation; however, implementation barriers and facilitators for health centers are unknown. Methods: Health services center administrators and providers (n = 14) and students eligible to participate in a BWLI (n = 9, average BMI = 29.8 ± 4.2 kg/m2) participated in semi‐structured interviews. Interviews focused on the need for and appropriateness of BWLIs in health centers and perceived barriers and facilitators to their implementation. Results: Participants generally believed that BWLIs delivered through a health center were appropriate and indicated that BWLIs would be a beneficial offering on‐campus. Facilitators of health center implementation included availability of trained health professionals, intradepartmental relationships, supportive infrastructure and resources, and in‐house planning and execution. Barriers included limited student use and knowledge of health center offerings, narrow referral/recruitment pathways related to stigma concerns, and challenges related to infrastructure, resources, and competing demands. Conclusions: College health centers are a feasible and appropriate setting to offer BWLIs, though barriers to implementation exist. It will be important to construct a plan for implementation to address unique barriers in health centers prior to BWLI implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Weight control behaviors are commonly observed among adolescents and emerging adults. However, the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in both these age groups remains an imperative health concern. Adolescents and emerging adults represent the most vulnerable groups facing the health burden of obesity. Methods: This study was designed to articulate the underlying beliefs concerning weight control behaviors among adolescents and emerging adults living with obesity by an elicitation qualitative study based on the integrated behavioral model (IBM). Semi-structured and individual interviewing was utilized. Eligible participants were recruited during September and November 2020. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a hybrid inductive and deductive content analysis approach. Results: Twenty-seven participants, comprising 12 adolescents and 15 emerging adults living with obesity, were interviewed to explore their beliefs and strategies regarding weight control behaviors. Emerging adults were more likely to engage in extreme weight control methods. Three overarching themes emerged across both age groups: eating-centered concerns, focus on physical appearance, and social interference. Significant differences were noted while adolescents and emerging adults shared some common beliefs. Emerging adults expressed more economic concerns about weight control, whereas adolescents identified food restriction as the primary barrier to their weight management efforts. These findings highlight the nuanced differences in beliefs about the weight control practice of these two developmental groups. Conclusion: More beliefs-tailored and theoretically driven interventions are needed for these two unique age groups. Healthcare providers should address dietary and economic concerns while engaging adolescents and emerging adults in weight management. Future obesity interventions should incorporate shared and unique beliefs identified in each group to promote healthy weight management effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The current study sought to clarify and harness the incremental validity of emotional dysregulation and unawareness (EDU) in emerging adulthood, beyond ADHD symptoms and with respect to concurrent classification of impairment and co-occurring problems, using machine learning techniques. Method: Participants were 1,539 college students (M age = 19.5, 69% female) with self-reported ADHD diagnoses from a multisite study who completed questionnaires assessing ADHD symptoms, EDU, and co-occurring problems. Results: Random forest analyses suggested EDU dimensions significantly improved model performance (p s <.001) in classifying participants with impairment and internalizing problems versus those without, with the resulting ADHD + EDU classification model demonstrating acceptable to excellent performance (except in classification of Work Impairment) in a distinct sample. Variable importance analyses suggested inattention sum scores and the Limited Access to Emotional Regulation Strategies EDU dimension as the most important features for facilitating model classification. Conclusion: Results provided support for EDU as a key deficit in those with ADHD that, when present, helps explain ADHD's co-occurrence with impairment and internalizing problems. Continued application of machine learning techniques may facilitate actuarial classification of ADHD-related outcomes while also incorporating multiple measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging adults present an array of developmental needs that community supervision agencies should address to improve outcomes including impulsivity, inability to regulate emotions, and being less likely to consider future consequences of their behavior. This study used a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the Hidalgo County Emerging Adult Strategy (HCEAS)�a specialized caseload for emerging adults using principles of goal setting, incentives, and identity and relationship formation. This study examines how HCEAS influences progress on stability measures and probation outcomes, and how stability measure progress affects probation success. Analyses showed that HCEAS was effective in increasing either within- or between-group progress for every stability measure except education. HCEAS decreased outcomes such as arrests, motions to revoke, and failures to appear for probation office visits. These outcomes suggest that an age-specific focus on stability factors is feasible during supervision and likely to result in improved outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced widespread stigma toward individuals who contracted the virus, impacting social interactions and perceptions within communities. This study aimed to understand personal and perceived parental stigma toward COVID-19 survivors among Indian college students, examining how this stigma varies based on the relationship closeness to the survivor (peer vs. best friend) and whether gender differences influence personal stigma levels. A sample of 650 Indian college students (mean age = 20.01 years, SD = 1.43; 501 males) participated in the study. We assessed both personal stigma and perceived parental stigma toward COVID-19 survivors, with additional comparisons made based on the survivor's relationship to the student (peer vs. best friend) and participant gender. Findings indicated that personal and perceived parental stigma were significantly higher toward peers than toward best friends who had recovered from COVID-19. Additionally, among perceived parental stigmas, stigma attributed to mothers was highest, followed by that attributed to fathers, with participants' personal stigma being lowest. Notably, no significant gender differences were found in personal stigma among participants. The results highlight nuanced perceptions of stigma toward COVID-19 survivors, with stigma levels varying by relational closeness and perceived parental attitudes, particularly mothers. These findings underscore the importance of targeting stigma reduction efforts, considering family influence and relational factors. Policymakers and mental health professionals could develop age-specific interventions to mitigate stigma toward COVID-19 survivors, potentially enhancing social support systems within college communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socioeconomic status (SES) has a profound impact on emerging adults' mental health. However, it remains unknown how SES links to positive mental health (PMH). The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between SES and PMH, while also examining the potential impacts of relative deprivation, thwarted belongingness, and meaning in life (ML). Recruited from one university in southwest China, 1,250 university students completed online self-measures of SES, relative deprivation, thwarted belongingness, ML, and PMH. The findings revealed that SES went along with less relative deprivation and thwarted belongingness, and went along with higher levels of ML and PMH. Further analyses based on Structural Equation Modeling indicated that relative deprivation and thwarted belongingness served as mediators in the relationship between SES and PMH. The aforementioned findings offer empirical support for the chain mediation model "SES - relative deprivation - thwarted belongingness - PMH". Additionally, moderated mediation analyses revealed that ML moderated the negative impact of thwarted belongingness on PMH. Consequently, this study contributes to enhancing our comprehension of how SES is linked to PMH and highlights the protective role of ML among Chinese emerging adults. This study suggests that intervention measures should prioritize emerging adults with low SES and a lack of ML to promote their PMH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive research, predominantly in adults, has highlighted structural brain variations among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, emerging adults, who undergo significant cortical reshaping and are highly vulnerable to depression, receive relatively little attention, despite reporting a higher prevalence of childhood trauma experiences. This study examines cortical gyrification and thickness in emerging adults with first-episode, treatment-naïve MDD, with the objective of investigating their association with childhood trauma. Eighty-six emerging adults diagnosed with MDD, aged 18 to 25, and eighty-one healthy controls (HCs), underwent T1-MRI scans. We compared the local gyrification index (LGI) and cortical thickness (CT) between the two groups. Subsequently, we examined the relationship between the LGI and CT in clusters showing differences and childhood trauma as well as clinical characteristics in emerging adults with MDD. Compared to HCs, MDD showed decreased LGI in the bilateral superior frontal cortices (SFC) and CT in the left pericalcarine cortex (PCC), while an increase in CT was observed in the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The reduction in LGI of the right SFC and the decrease in CT of the left PCC are associated with childhood trauma. Notably these brain abnormalities were not significantly associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms, or the duration of illness. Abnormal cortical development observed in emerging adults with first episode depression may act as a predisposing factor for depression, irrespective of clinical manifestations, and may be linked to childhood trauma. • The primary participants of this study are treatment-naïve, first-episode depressive patients in emerging adulthood. • MDD patients show reduced LGI in bilateral SFC and CT in the left PCC, and increased CT in the left lateral OFC. • The reduced LGI of the right SFC and the CT of the left PCC in MDD patients might be correlated with childhood trauma. • The changes in LGI and CT in MDD patients are not linked to the severity of anxiety, depression or the duration of illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regarding pandemic-related information overload and emerging adults' psychological responses amid the city-wide COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai, this research aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of how online information shapes risk perception and casts influence on individuals' psychological capital. Applying structural equation modeling to a cross-sectional study (N = 412), the researcher concludes a psychological mechanism that depicts the route through which information overload affects psychological well-being during the pandemic era. With perceived risk being examined separately on a personal and societal level, the study shows that personal risk perception indicates promising psychological capital while societal risk perception indicates the opposite. It is alerting that the increase in societal risk perception and awareness of collective suffering could potentially lead to hopelessness, pessimism, and low self-efficacy. Additionally, the study also sheds light on the promising function of emotion-coping behaviors, which serves as a psychological buffer between perceived risk and psychological capital, navigating individuals through sociopsychological uncertainties and hazardousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health information technology provides patients the ability to manage their healthcare through patient portals. Such portals increase patient involvement, self-management, and satisfaction. Despite their benefits, patient portal adoption and usage remain low, especially among emerging adults who are newly self-managed. To investigate the behavioral intentions of emerging adults toward adopting and using patient portals, this study builds upon the Technology Acceptance Model, Perceived Risk Theory, and Personal Innovativeness. A survey was administered to emerging adults aged 18-29, and structural equation modeling was used to assess the posited model's fit. Results show the importance of developing practical insights and strategies to overcome resistance behavior. Additionally, the research found that personal innovativeness plays a significant role in adoption and usage intention. These findings extend the literature by highlighting the specific needs of emerging adults regarding patient portal adoption and utilization. The study underscores the importance of providing guidance, training, and awareness programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveParticipantsMethodsResultsConclusionsUsing the tripartite model of anxiety and depression, we examined general distress (common to anxiety/depression), anxious arousal (uniquely anxiety), and anhedonic depression (uniquely depressive) symptoms before and during the pandemic in emerging adults, who may experience higher levels of distress as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic relative to others.Emerging adults (n = 89, 53% White) ages 18-24, participated in four data waves (Baseline: Fall 2017-Fall 2018; January 2020; July 2020; January 2021).We estimated covariance pattern models with various patterns of residual correlation, (selecting the best-fitting structure) and patterns of change (i.e., stable, linear, and quadratic).Scores in all tripartite dimensions were elevated at baseline; anxious arousal remained elevated, while depression-specific symptoms decreased over time.Findings contribute to a fine-grained approach to understanding emotional distress relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, proving potentially useful in conceptualizing the mental health of emerging adults in relation to disruptive life events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issues Approach Key Findings Implications Conclusions Parenting styles have been suggested to predict the use of psychoactive substances in the offspring, although the size of associations might vary between cultures. The present meta‐analysis tested whether parenting styles show concurrent and longitudinal associations with substance use and whether this association is moderated by study characteristics.A systematic search in electronic data bases resulted in 184 studies that were included in multi‐level meta‐analysis.An authoritative parenting style correlated with lower substance use (r =−0.12, confidence interval [CI] −0.14 to −0.10) while the reverse was found for neglectful (r = 0.10, CI 0.08 to 0.13), permissive (r = 0.04, CI 0.01 to 0.07) and authoritarian parenting (r = 0.03, CI 0.00 to 0.05). Analysis of cross‐lagged effects found only an effect of authoritative parenting on decline of substance use (r = −0.06, CI −0.12 to −0.00). The size of associations varied, in part, by levels of horizontal and vertical collectivism or individualism, assessment of three versus four parenting styles, type of substance, and use of same versus different informants for assessing parenting and substance use.Parenting styles show small to very small associations with substance use.Although parents are recommended to behave in an authoritative manner, we should have only modest expectations about the effects of parenting styles on substance use in the offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is a leading cause of death in emerging adults who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or transgender (LGBT). This study examines discriminatory healthcare experiences and suicidality in LGBT adults, aged 18–24 (n = 90), who completed a health needs assessment in the Southeastern US. Regression indicated that gender identity, gender identity treatment discrimination, and discriminatory behaviors by providers accounted for 29% of variance in past suicide attempt(s). Individuals reporting being blamed for their health status were more likely to report a history of suicide attempts (p = 0.017). Providers need training to provide care competently to LGBT emerging adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Canada, the highest increases in rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and substance use disorders occur among emerging adults aged 18 to 29 years old. Most research on risk-taking behaviors have focused on adolescents or males only—especially gay and bisexual men. This study aimed to assess patterns of sexual and substance use risk-taking behavior (i.e., early sexual onset, number of sexual partners, inconsistent condom use, unconventional sexual behaviors, binge-drinking, and polysubstance use); investigate whether sociodemographic and individual characteristics predict risk-taking profiles; and examine whether risk-taking profiles are associated with differential health outcomes (i.e., STI testing and diagnosis, substance use problems). Latent class analyses were conducted on a sample of 602 heterosexual French-Canadian emerging adults (84% female; M age = 22.3) who completed an online questionnaire. Four profiles were identified: inactive low-risk (13.5%), active low-risk (34.7%), mid-risk (42.3%), and high-risk (9.5%). The two higher risk-taking profiles were overrepresented by older participants, females, and impulsive sensation seekers. Participants in the mid- and high-risk profiles had higher odds of having been screened for and been diagnosed with STIs, and of reporting more substance use problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals who have faced childhood emotional abuse (CEA) may develop vulnerable narcissistic tendencies and experience difficulties in regulating their emotions. These psychological vulnerabilities can contribute to the adoption of binge watching as a maladaptive coping mechanism. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mediating role of vulnerable narcissism and emotion dysregulation in the relationship between CEA and binge watching. Additionally, this study examined whether this model was gender-invariant. A sample of 1082 emerging adults, aged 18 to 25 (50% women), completed self-report questionnaires. The results revealed significant direct and indirect relationships among all the variables of interest, and the model was found to be invariant across genders. Notably, both men and women who experienced CEA and exhibited higher levels of vulnerable narcissism and emotion dysregulation reported engaging in higher levels of binge watching. These findings highlight the importance of the early identification of CEA, the implementation of targeted interventions, and the provision of trauma-informed care to address the negative consequences of CEA and mitigate the development of binge-watching behaviors. Moreover, the results emphasize the need for tailored prevention and intervention programs that address vulnerable narcissism and emotion dysregulation as potential pathways to inform effective therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Photovoice is a participatory action research (PAR) method that employes photographic language to explore individuals' stories and living contexts. This study explores the representations of young participants, both immigrants and non-immigrants, concerning integration—defined within Berry's (1997) framework as a bidirectional process of cultural and social adaptation between migrants and host communities—and the lack of integration within their neighborhood in Reggio Emilia, Italy. The participants included 12 young individuals (6 migrants and 6 locals) aged 19 to 29, two peer researchers, and one researcher. Over the course of two weekly three-hour meetings, participants captured and discussed photos depicting their perspectives on integration. The findings highlighted diverse conceptualizations of integration. Participants emphasized the reciprocal relationship between migrants and locals, illustrating how positive interactions with schools, workplaces, and public spaces facilitate integration. Additionally, successful migrants were seen as models of empowerment. Conversely, themes such as poverty, loneliness, discrimination, and the impact of war emerged as significant barriers to integration. This study underscores the dynamic and interactive nature of integration, as experienced by young people in multicultural settings. It highlights how Photovoice methodology can effectively capture nuanced perspectives on integration, foster mutual understanding, and facilitate intergroup relationships. The method fosters personal and community reflection, actively engaging its audience in critical discussions about integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM) is used to assess interpersonal sensitivity. This study explored the factor structure, internal consistency, and criterion validity of the Italian version of the IPSM (IPSM-It) in non-clinical emerging adults. 374 participants aged between 18 and 31 years (64.4% female; M = 21.96, SD = 2.91) were included in the study. They completed the IPSM, the Beck Depression Inventory-I, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-II, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the original structure of the measure did not fit the data well. An exploratory factor analysis was also conducted and the results supported a 27-item version of the IPSM and a three-factor structure (Interpersonal Worry and Dependency, Low Self- Esteem, and Unassertive Interpersonal Behavior). The IPSM-It showed good internal consistency and criterion validity. The IPSM-It appeared to be a reliable and valid measure for assessing IPS in Italian culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing concerns for loneliness, social isolation, and the health of young adults point to the importance of the dating context. This study aimed to identify and examine quality dating experience (QDE) and poor dating experience (PDE) relative to the well-being of religious college students identified as members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, including gender differences. Focus group (n = 58) and online survey (n = 515) participants came from introductory psychology courses at a large religious institution. A mixed-methods design was used to qualitatively identify quality and poor dating themes and then, using these themes, examine the dating experience using quantitative data from an online survey questionnaire. Focus group thematic analyses revealed patterns of gender similarity (e.g., compatibility, safety concerns, hyper-focus on marriage) and disparity (e.g., monetary value, date activity details) for both QDE and poor dating experience (PDE). Quantitative survey results highlighted substantial relationships between QDE, PDE, and wellness variables including mood, life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, loneliness, physical health symptoms, and perceived peer support. Interestingly, men had statistically stronger (p < .05) relationships between PDE and 3 health variables: depressive symptoms, peer support, and interpersonal conflict. This suggests that men may have more adverse health profiles than women when undergoing PDEs in a more traditional religious context. Results supported QDE and PDE as influential variables that go beyond the simple metric of dating frequency to capture a more comprehensive perspective of health among religious college students, including gender differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there is extensive research on the adulthood criteria endorsed by emerging adults, there is very limited evidence on the comparison between emerging adults and their parents regarding this issue. Moreover, in these comparison studies, only quantitative methodology was used. Therefore, the present study uses a mixed-method design to investigate similarities and differences in the prevalence of the endorsed adulthood criteria between emerging adults and their parents, between male and female emerging adults, and between fathers and mothers. Participants were 251 emerging adult students, aged 18.0 to 25.9 (M = 19.9; 50.2% females), and 341 parents of these emerging adults, aged 33.6 to 61.9 (M = 50.4; 58.4% mothers). They completed the Markers of Adulthood Scale and named the three criteria that they considered most important for a person to be considered an adult. An inductive-deductive coding scheme was used. The analyses exhibited a high consensus between emerging adults and their parents in the endorsement of adulthood criteria. Only criteria related to Independence and to the Self were reported more frequently by emerging adults than their parents. A strong agreement between genders in both age groups was also found. The contribution of this study is twofold. First, it supports the idea that in Greece adulthood is a construct that is largely shared by emerging adults and their parents. Second, it illustrates how a mixed-method design can complement quantitative studies and extend their findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much attention has been devoted to the effectiveness of forgiveness interventions in children and adolescents featuring two premier programs by Enright and his colleagues. Little attention has been given to psychoeducational forgiveness interventions with emerging adults. This is a narrative review of REACH Forgiveness studies with emerging adults (ages 18–25). The life tasks of emerging adults justify offering psychoeducational interventions to emerging adults. Research studies on REACH Forgiveness (k = 17), non-REACH Forgiveness studies (k = 4), and community campaigns at universities (k = 4) with emerging adults are summarized. Effect sizes per hour (d/h) for REACH Forgiveness studies (k = 13 for psychoeducational groups; k = 4 for self-administered workbooks) are reported. The proto-REACH groups (k = 5) had mean d/h = 0.104; REACH groups (k = 9) had d/h = 0.101; self-administered workbooks (k = 3) had mean d/h = 0.15; non-REACH Forgiveness studies (k = 4) had d/h = 0.09. All studies were from the USA, and most were from universities. However, a recent article reported randomized controlled trials in five non-USA samples of adults (N = 4598). A 3.34-h workbook had d/h = 0.16, suggesting that the workbook might be effective with emerging adults around the world. Finally, three USA Christian universities had public health immersion campaigns to promote forgiveness, and a community psychoeducational campaign in 2878 secular university students in Colombia (of ~9000 total) allowed choices among 16 psychoeducational activities. The number of activities used was proportional to forgiveness experienced. For forgiveness, d = 0.36 plus substantial reductions in depression and anxiety, indicating strong public health potential of forgiveness psychoeducation in emerging adults worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging adulthood is considered a phase in which an individual is required to make choices that shape identity. It involves making major life decisions regarding occupation and relationships. This study focuses on understanding the identities of emerging adult men in the domains of career, relationship, and gender roles. Participants included 40 single emerging adult men, 18–29 years, from educated upper middle-class families in Vadodara city in Gujarat. In-depth interviews, including open-ended questions and hypothetical vignettes, were conducted to gather the data. The qualitative data was examined through open and axial coding, followed by identifying the common and salient themes across the identity domains. The results reveal that urban middle-class men are inclined to be gender sensitive and are resistant to stereotypical notions of masculinity. Assertion of individuality is clearly observed among the young men along with concern for family harmony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Weight-related self-monitoring (WRSM) apps are used by millions, but the effects of their use remain unclear. This study examined longitudinal relationships between WRSM and disordered eating among a population-based sample of emerging adults. Methods: Participants (n = 138) were recruited from EAT 2010–2018 (Eating and Activity over Time study) to participate in a mixed-methods (quantitative and qualitative) longitudinal study to understand the impacts of WRSM. In 2018, participants (Mage=21.7 ± 1.9 years) reported motivations for use and types of WRSM apps used. Dependent variables collected in 2022 (Mage=25.7 ± 1.9 years) included past year total number of disordered weight control behaviors, disordered muscle building behaviors, compulsive exercise, and binge eating. Linear and logistic regressions were used adjusting for sociodemographics, body mass index, and baseline disordered eating. Semi-structured interviews (n = 25) were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Participants using WRSM apps for weight management demonstrated an increase in disordered weight control behaviors over time (β = 0.894, p =.012). Using WRSM apps for "healthy" eating was marginally associated with an increase in disordered weight control behaviors. (β = 0.673, p =.052). Qualitatively, participants reported varied temporality between WRSM and disordered eating, but believed that app use encouraged restriction/binge cycles and normalized disordered eating. Conclusions: Findings suggest there may be individual variation in the relationships between WRSM and disordered eating, but that using WRSM apps with the motivation of managing eating or weight may increase disordered eating in some. Additionally, WRSM apps may normalize or encourage disordered eating. Therefore, safeguards, including screening and monitoring, are needed to ensure WRSM does not cause or escalate harm among WRSM users. Plain English summary: For some, weight-related self-monitoring apps, like MyFitnessPal and Fitbit, may cause or worsen disordered eating over time among emerging adults. However, it seems as though the motivation for self-monitoring (e.g., for managing eating or weight) may be more important than what they are monitoring when it comes to disordered eating risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Interpersonal emotion regulation (IER) involves the use of strategies by individuals to regulate their emotions through interactions with others. Research has shown that the IER is correlated with psychological symptoms and well-being. However, few studies have investigated the longitudinal relationships between IER and its related constructs. Methods: A cross-lagged panel design was used to examine the reciprocal relationship between IER strategies and perceived social support and their impact on depressive symptoms. Data were collected from 213 emerging Korean adults (136 females; Mage = 25.4), categorized as students, job-seekers, or workers, on three occasions with six-month intervals. Results: Enhancing positive affect, an upregulation strategy for positive emotions, predicted an increased perception of social support and, consequently, a reduction in depressive symptoms. Soothing strategies were directly associated with increased depressive symptoms. Other IER strategies aimed at downregulating negative emotions did not have any significant effect on the perception of social support or depressive symptoms. Furthermore, perceived social support did not predict longitudinal changes in the tendency to use IER strategies. Conclusions: These findings suggest that IER strategies, especially those that focus on upregulating positive emotions, may enhance the perception of social support. This offers a promising avenue for designing interventions to support emerging adults facing difficulties in a variety of social and relational transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how parenting and value preferences are connected to emerging adults' attitudes toward romantic relationships. The study was conducted in Israel among young Jews and Arabs looking for a romantic partner (n = 1121, 40% male, age 18–30). Higher preferences for conservation versus openness to change and self-enhancement versus self-transcendence values and higher levels of parental care were associated with positive romantic attitudes. In addition, parental care was associated with higher preferences for self-transcendence versus self-enhancement and conservation versus openness to change values, and autonomy-providing was associated with higher preferences for openness to change versus conservation and self-transcendence versus self-enhancement values. Personal value preferences partially mediated the connection between parental bonding and romantic attitudes. More specifically, high levels of parental care and overcontrol lead to a higher preference for conservation values, which, in turn, lead to more positive romantic attitudes. The obtained results advance our understanding of the connections between parenting, general motivational goals, and romantic relationships among emerging adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to shed light on quarter-life crisis as a growing phenomenon in society, specifically by determining its prevalence among emerging adults and examining how uncertainty, dissatisfaction, and indecisiveness predict its occurrence. To carry out this study, a quantitative approach with a correlational predictive design was employed. 219 emerging adults from the College of International Tourism and Hospitality Management (CITHM) of Lyceum-Northwestern University were randomly surveyed. The data collected from them were subsequently analyzed using various statistical tools, one of which is multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that the quarter-life crisis is not highly prevalent and that the emerging adults in the sample have moderate level of uncertainty, dissatisfaction, and indecisiveness. Nonetheless, results derived from the multiple regression analysis showed that uncertainty, dissatisfaction, and indecisiveness have a strong capacity to significantly predict the occurrence or manifestation of the quarter-life crisis. This study helps extend the literature on the quarter-life crisis and raise society’s awareness of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emerging adults aged 18–30 years face challenges during life transitions, with an added burden of navigating the health care system and additional costs associated with diabetes. This stress is compounded by overall low levels of health insurance literacy in this population, as people may not know about available financial and health care resources to minimize suboptimal diabetes outcomes. This study aimed to tailor a financial and health insurance toolkit to emerging adults with type 1 diabetes, including racially, ethnically diverse, and Medicaid-insured individuals, through community-based participatory action research. Methods: An academic research team and community members from a national organization held six online community advisory board (CAB) content-creation meetings to understand how to tailor a financial and health insurance Toolkit. The CAB was comprised of six racially and insurance-diverse emerging adults with type 1 diabetes and four content experts (clinical, financial, and insurance). Six 60-minute online CAB meetings were held via University Hospitals (UH)-encrypted Zoom over five months. Pre-reading materials were emailed to CAB members before the meetings. A moderator established the purpose of each meeting and briefly discussed meeting rules before each meeting commenced. During the meetings, the moderator guided the discussions and provided the CAB members opportunities to respond and build on one another's feedback. A deductive thematic qualitative analysis was utilized. Three researchers independently coded the cross-referenced and de-identified CAB meeting transcripts and then convened to reach a group consensus. Two CAB members performed member-checking. Results: The following key themes emerged to tailor the Toolkit: ensuring that content covers empowerment and self-advocacy, including genuine stories and multimedia visuals for aesthetics, addressing clinician bias, acknowledging racial and ethnic disparities in care, incorporating cultural representation, and demystifying Medicaid stigma. Conclusions: By successfully partnering with the CAB and a community organization through a community-based participatory action research approach, we will develop a financial and health insurance Toolkit tailored to the needs of racially and ethnically diverse and Medicaid-insured emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. Plain English Summary: Aim of the research: This study aims to tailor a financial and health insurance Toolkit to emerging adults, ages 18–30, with type 1 diabetes. Including the insight from racially and ethnically diverse and Medicaid-insured individuals in developing the Toolkit is essential. Background to the research: Emerging adults with type 1 diabetes have stressful challenges such as navigating the healthcare system, the costs of diabetes, and general diabetes self-management. This stress is worsened by low levels of health insurance literacy and leads to suboptimal diabetes outcomes. This issue affects many individuals but dramatically impacts those who are racially and ethnically diverse or Medicaid-insured. Design and methods used: Six online content-creation meetings were held to understand the Toolkit content needs and preferences. We analyzed the meeting transcripts to uncover common themes. Patient and public involvement: An academic research team, a national organization (The Diabetes Link), and a Community Advisory Board (CAB) partnered together. The CAB members were racially and insurance-diverse emerging adults with type 1 diabetes and content (financial, insurance, clinical diabetes) experts. We will continue to collaborate with the CAB members to develop a research protocol to test the effects of the Toolkit. Dissemination: The research findings will be shared with young adult type 1 diabetes stakeholders, healthcare providers, and community and professional organizations. Dissemination strategies will include publications, community and scientific conference presentations, community events, and social media resources and content. The finalized Toolkit will be publicly available on the Diabetes Link Resource Hub. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjective: Despite experiencing exacerbation of mental health issues, post-secondary students may not seek help due to perceived stigma, overreliance on the self, or preference for nonprofessional supports – including peer support. This study aimed to understand peer support workers’ (PSWs) perspectives regarding providing support for mental health concerns in post-secondary institutions. Methods: 41 PSWs were recruited from two post-secondary institutions. 17 semi-structured interviews and three focus groups were conducted. Themes were identified using a qualitative descriptive approach. Results: Three themes emerged: (1) diverse presentations and approaches to operationalizing peer support for mental health issues on campus exist; (2) peer support has core ingredients; (3) reasons why students access peer support extend beyond mental health crisis. Conclusions: An inclusive peer support approach to mental health is needed for post-secondary students. Considerations for implementation hinge on providing standardized, foundational training to prepare PSWs for the complex mental health issues that present across services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although research has identified how and why individuals use TikTok, it's unclear how these behaviors and motivations impact close relationships. Using tenets from the uses and gratifications theory and media multiplexity theory, the goal of this study is to describe how emerging adults use TikTok in the context of romantic relationships. This qualitative study employed a descriptive design, where undergraduate college students completed an individual interview via Zoom (N = 64) describing how TikTok was used during relationship development and maintenance. Four research assistants and two principal investigators analyzed the data using reflexive thematic analyses applying Braun and Clarke's (2022) six-step approach. The resulting themes regarding how emerging adults used TikTok in relationships were: (1) relationship initiation, (2) viewing relationship content, (3) sharing content in relationship, and (4) posting relationship content. Participants also described their use of TikTok in relationships as a potential source of conflict. Implications for TikTok use in relationships, including comparisons to other social media platforms, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the COVID-19 pandemic being a past, the concern for digital balance remains relevant. Digital devices accompany people constantly, and young users are especially vulnerable to the harmful effects of their usage. Considering the problem's relevance, we focus on digital disconnection (DD) among emerging adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. We use a mixed methodology combining two qualitative approaches: story completion and the content analysis. We identify and systemize barriers and techniques of DD and we answer whether these practices are stable. We present four groups of categories of barriers: obstacles, the functionality of the digital world, the design of the digital world, and the problem' of displacement. We also outline techniques for DD: human-centric actions, temporal solutions, technological support, and activities outside the online world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study's first aim was to identify typologies of parenting among emerging adults based on helicopter parenting and parental affection indicators. Our second aim was to determine whether these defined types of parenting related to emerging adults' self-efficacy and grade point average (GPA) across four parent–child gender combinations. We collected data from college students at three universities in the eastern United States (n = 848). Using latent class analysis, five parenting latent classes were identified: Low helicopter parenting (helicopter)-High parental affection (affection), Low helicopter-Low affection, High helicopter-High affection, High helicopter-Low affection, and Mixed helicopter-High affection. Furthermore, we found that children in the Low helicopter-High affection class reported better self-efficacy and GPA than those in the High helicopter-High affection class in the son-report-mother and daughter-report-mother groups. In addition, children in the Low helicopter-High affection class reported better self-efficacy than those in the Low helicopter-Low affection class in the son-report-father and daughter-report-father groups. Consequently, our findings highlight the significance of a multidimensional construct of parenting, focusing on helicopter parenting and parental affection. Our findings also demonstrate that types of parenting and their associations with emerging adults' academic outcomes vary according to parent–child gender contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Victimization/perpetration (V/P) of interpersonal violence/harassment experienced by high school seniors prior to attending or not attending college was explored. Bullying, stalking, sexual harassment and sexual violence data were collected at 24 high schools via an electronic survey. A year after high school, 1,606 participants reported whether they attended college (4-year (n = 862); 2-year (n = 264); or not (n = 480). 4-year attendees were less likely to report V/P experiences occurring in high school compared with non-attendees, but few differences for high school V/P were evident for 2-year college attendees and non-attendees. Analyses comparing violence experiences of young adults while attending versus not attending college need to use high school violence experiences as a covariate. Because of this study's results, longitudinal studies on career trajectory following high school need to include high school experience of interpersonal violence/harassment to determine its potential impact on college attendance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the influence of peer group pressure on the spiritual intelligence of emerging adults aged 18 to 25. Spiritual intelligence, encompassing beliefs and practices related to existential reflection and moral righteousness, is crucial for navigating life's challenges. Peer pressure, the influence exerted by social groups, can shape individuals' beliefs and behaviours, including their spiritual inclinations. The study utilised convenience sampling to collect data from 234 participants through online surveys. The Spiritual Intelligence Self-report Inventory (SISRI 24) and Peer Pressure Questionnaire-Revised (PPSQ-Revised) were employed to measure spiritual intelligence and peer pressure, respectively. Statistical analyses including correlation and regression were conducted to explore the relationship between peer pressure and spiritual intelligence. Results indicate a significant negative correlation between peer pressure and spiritual intelligence, suggesting that increased peer pressure is associated with lower levels of spiritual intelligence. Regression analysis further confirms the significant influence of peer pressure on spiritual intelligence. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the complex interaction between social influences and spiritual development during the critical period of emerging adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social avoidance refers to active non-participation in social activities, which is detrimental to healthy interpersonal interaction for emerging adults. Social rejection is a kind of negative social evaluation from others making people feel social pain. However, how socially avoidant emerging adults process social feedback information after experiencing social rejection has received less attention. The current study aimed to explore the differences in social interaction feedback processing after social rejection between a socially avoidant group (n = 16) and a comparison group (n = 16) in a human-to-human interaction context. Computer game tasks with two types of interaction (cooperation and competition) were used to record the event-related potentials when receiving social interaction feedback in two conditions (social rejection and control condition). The results showed that (1) the socially avoidant group had lower reward positivity amplitudes than the comparison group when receiving social feedback; (2) the socially avoidant group presented larger P300 amplitudes in the social rejection condition than in the control condition, but the comparison group did not; and (3) social rejection evoked more negative N1 amplitudes in the socially avoidant and comparison groups. The findings suggest that socially avoidant emerging adults may have flaws in reward sensitivity during interpersonal interaction, and they might also exert more attentional and emotional resources to social feedback after social rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binge watching, which entails consecutively viewing numerous episodes of a TV series or a selection of movies over an extended timeframe, often without pause, is notably widespread among young adults skilled in digital media usage. Nevertheless, this escalating habit can lead to problematic and addictive behavior, with potential associations including disruptions in sleep patterns, dreaming, and an elevated risk of suicide. The primary objective of this research was to assess whether daytime sleepiness and maladaptive daydreaming may impact the connection between binge watching and suicide risk and whether the hypothesized model is gender invariant. Self-report questionnaires were administered to a sample of 1012 emerging adults (50% girls) aged 18–25 (M = 21.73, SD = 2.28). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), structural equation modeling (SEM) with latent variables, and multiple-group path analysis (MGPA) were conducted. All direct and indirect paths were found to be statistically significant, and gender was found to be invariant. Specifically, the findings highlighted that higher binge watching, coupled with daytime sleepiness and maladaptive daydreaming, heightened suicide risk in both genders. Binge watching and sleep and dream issues are important factors to consider in the assessment of suicide risk, particularly among emerging adults who are already at a higher risk. It is thus important to prioritize the promotion of healthy media habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past literature has documented a linkage between entitlement and interpersonal tension, primarily in romantic relationships. However, there is a lack of research investigating the impact of entitlement on sibling relationships. Guided by the agency model of narcissism and adult development literature, this study conceptualized relational entitlement as one form of state narcissism and examined the actor and partner effects of relational entitlement on perceived sibling conflict as well as the moderating effects of financial dependence on parents. Participants were 136 emerging adult sibling dyads (older sibling Mage = 22.20, SD = 2.35; younger sibling Mage = 19.54, SD = 1.55). Results indicated that younger siblings' (not older siblings') relational entitlement was positively associated with both their own and their siblings' perceptions of conflict. Moreover, younger siblings' financial dependence buffered the actor association between younger siblings' relational entitlement and perceived conflict. These findings suggest that emerging adult siblings' developmental status of financial dependence provides a nuanced context for understanding the actor and partner effects of relational entitlement on sibling conflict. The discussion focuses on the role of self‐inflated social comparison in emerging adult sibling conflict and how the developmental characteristics of older and younger siblings shape the above associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theories of mate selection debate about whether people tend to choose partners based on similarities to their parents. The present study aimed to address whether a similarity in how people perceive their parents and their partners is associated with the relationship between parental attachment and relationship satisfaction by adopting a template-matching framework. Participants were urban, emerging adults in India (n = 263, 137 male and 126 female) who were measured for how they perceive the traits of a parental figure, traits of a partner, attachment to the parent, and relationship satisfaction with the partner. Data analysis was conducted using correlations, linear regressions, and moderation analyses. Findings show that perceived neuroticism of parents was associated with perceived neuroticism of the partner. Additionally, perceptions of neuroticism of parents predicted neuroticism in partners. Perceived agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness to experience moderated the relationship between parental attachment and relationship satisfaction. A gender difference with a small effect size in perceptions of similarity was observed for openness to experience and agreeableness. Finally, perceived agreeableness also moderated the relationship between parental attachment and relationship satisfaction for men and women separately. However, for men, perceived neuroticism also significantly moderated this relationship. The findings imply that, to an extent, the more emerging adults perceive similarities of certain traits in their parents and partners, the higher likelihood that their attachment to their parent predicts relationship satisfaction with their partner. Limitations and future directions have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article summarizes and critiques existing literature on the factors that might influence romantic relationships and attitudes among Asian emerging adults (18–29 years old). Forty‐one studies were identified. Findings were categorized into two groups based on outcome variables: romantic relationship qualities (e.g., satisfaction; N = 22) and attitudes toward dating and marriage (N = 19). Common predictors of relationship qualities include parenting factors (e.g., parental divorce), culture‐specific factors (e.g., filial piety), and psychological factors (e.g., identity status). Furthermore, findings suggest that Asian emerging adults tend to hold more conservative dating attitudes, prioritize parental approval, but also share some similarities in dating attitudes with their Western counterparts. We proposed specific recommendations regarding sample diversity and areas for further investigation in future research. Clinical implications are also discussed that highlight the importance of relationship therapists showing empathy and building therapeutic alliance with Asian emerging adult clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emerging adults (aged 18–29) are less likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine than any other adult age group. Black Americans are less likely than non-Hispanic white Americans to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19. This study explored factors which affect vaccine intention and attitudes in Black American emerging adults with asthma. Methods: Participants were recruited from an NHLBI-funded clinical trial to improve asthma control. Fifty-nine Black American emerging adults completed a Qualtrics survey that assessed asthma control, intention to vaccinate, and factors which may affect the decision to vaccinate. Twenty-five participants also completed a semi-structured interview via Zoom. Bivariate correlations and descriptive statistics, including Chi Square analyses, were run using SPSS. Interview thematic analyses were conducted via QDA Miner. Results: Of the 59 Black American emerging adults with asthma who completed surveys, 32.2% responded that they were highly unlikely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, while 50.8% responded that they were highly likely to receive it. Increased asthma control was significantly correlated with a higher likelihood to discuss the COVID-19 vaccine with their healthcare provider (ρ = 0.339, α = 0.011). Concerns about immediate (ρ= -0.261, α = 0.050) and long-term (ρ= -0.280, α = 0.035) side effects were inversely correlated with intention to vaccinate. Only 17% of the participants who were unemployed stated that they were highly likely to receive the vaccines compared to 65% of the participants who were employed; however, interview participants who were unemployed stated not needing the vaccine because they were protecting themselves by social distancing. When deciding whether to receive the vaccine, safety, efficacy, and immediate side effects were the top three factors for 91%, 54%, and 49% of the participants, respectively. Beliefs about the vaccines' safety and efficacy, information gathering, personal factors, and societal factors emerged as important themes from the interviews. Conclusion: Only half of the surveyed Black American emerging adults with asthma were highly likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Safety and efficacy were important for the majority of the participants, regardless of vaccine intention. Greater asthma control, but not access to asthma-related healthcare, was correlated with intention to discuss the vaccine with their healthcare provider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current research indicates that young adults are at a higher risk of deteriorating wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to older adults. Drawing upon the Understanding Society COVID-19 survey, this study examined the trajectory of life satisfaction in UK emerging adults from May 2020 to September 2021 with social, health, financial, and demographic factors as covariates. The analytic sample included 880 participants (612 females, 268 males) between the ages of 18–29. Growth curve modelling was used to estimate the trajectory of life satisfaction and examine whether the covariates account for variation in the mean level and/or slopes. The trajectory of life satisfaction declined slightly between May 2020 and January 2021 and then increased to September 2021, aligning with the tightening and easing of UK COVID-19 policies. Greater perceived current financial difficulties, pre-existing mental health and physical health conditions, and higher self-reported loneliness were associated with lower life satisfaction. Being female and living with a romantic partner, more face-to-face social interactions, and higher household income were associated with more life satisfaction. Gender interacted with pre-existing mental health conditions. Women with no pre-existing mental health conditions reported the highest level of life satisfaction, while women with pre-existing mental health conditions reported the lowest level, compared to men who reported a similar level of life satisfaction regardless of their mental health. The findings from the present study contribute toward the current understanding of changes in life satisfaction throughout the pandemic among emerging adults. Implications for intervention are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores how different dimensions of perfectionism influence psychological well-being (PWB) in emerging adults. Literature has deepened the relationships between maladaptive perfectionism (e.g., excessive self-criticism, perceived discrepancy from the standards) and low PWB. Less is known about whether and how adaptive perfectionism (e.g., pursuing personal standards) relates to PWB. Secondly, the study has investigated whether self-compassion (i.e., self-benevolence, seeing personal imperfections as a common condition) may mediate the relationships between adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism and PWB. Participants (N = 217, 18–35 y. o.) completed self-report questionnaires measuring: adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism (Almost Perfect Scale-Revised, APS-R: high standards and order/discrepancy, respectively), PWB, and self-compassion (SCS). Adaptive perfectionism was associated with PWB, particularly a higher presence of purpose in life, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, and personal growth. Conversely, discrepancy resulted in the most robust predictor of low PWB (β = −0.68), followed by high standards with a positive direction (β = 0.23; Rc2 = 0.514, p < 0.001). A strong negative association emerged between discrepancy and SCS (r = −0.67, p < 0.001). A mediation analysis shows that self-compassion has an indirect effect, reducing the strength of the relationship between discrepancy and low PWB. Results suggest focusing on self-compassion as a buffer factor that reduces the negative impact of maladaptive perfectionism on psychological well-being. Implications for education and health psychology are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]