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External nasal deviation is caused primarily by severely a deformed septum. The nose functions as a whole composed of the septum, valve systems, and mucosal structures. Patients with severely deviated septums also have deformed nasal valve systems. Extracorporeal septoplasty is advocated for an extremely deviated nasal septum. Nasal valve dysfunctions can be resolved successfully with spreader grafts. Application of extracorporeal septoplasty in combination with spreader grafts in patients with nasal valve dysfunction not only enables nasal respiration but also supports aesthetic appearance. The 19 patients in our study had undergone aesthetic rhinoplasty and presented with breathing problems and septal deviations. The patients were treated with extracorporeal septoplasty and spreader grafts. The patients were followed with clinical measures and computed tomographic scanning. No complications such as relapse, perforation, or saddling were encountered during follow-up. Aesthetically and functionally satisfactory results were obtained.

Aim The objective of the present study was to examine whether joint sounds are objective criteria for evaluating the success of surgery for non-reduced anterior disc dislocation. Method Twenty-seven patients (age, 35.6 ± 10.6 years; female/male, 22:5) with non-reduced disc dislocation, as confirmed by MRI, were included in the study. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds were assessed and digitized by custom-made device. As a surgical treatment, all patients underwent "disc plication technique". The success of surgery was evaluated with maximal interincisial opening (MIO), pain, patient satisfaction scores, MRI examination, and TMJ sound intensity. Recording of sounds of TMJ and pain and satisfaction scores were repeated again at postoperative 12 months and compared to preoperative results. Results Mean preoperative sound intensities with jaw opening and closing and left-right movement were 79.37 ± 3.52 dB and 81.0 ± 4.99 dB, respectively. Mean postoperative sound intensity with jaw opening and closing was 64.81 ± 4.54 dB whereas that with left-right movement was 65.6 ± 5.38 dB. Examination of preoperative and postoperative sounds showed that decreased volume level related with clinical improvement and postoperative replaced disc image in MRI. MIO values increased from 25.89 ± 1.76 mm to 34.26 ± 1.403 mm. Postoperative pain scores were lower than preoperative period and patient satisfaction improved markedly. Conclusion The results of this study showed that patients who underwent plication for non-reduced disc dislocation had clinical improvement, which was related with the decreasing volume level of the click sound, reducing the pain, improving satisfaction, and replacing the disc to normal position in MRI.

Congenital symmastia is described as a connection between the breasts without macromastia. In this condition, there is accumulation of fat and glandular tissue between the breasts, which produces a unified appearance of the breast tissue across the chest. We report a case of congenital symmastia in a 21-year-old woman with normal-sized and -shaped breasts. We achieved satisfying aesthetic results using suction-assisted lipectomy and the patient’s complaint was resolved without scar or major surgery. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .