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Cotton is the most widely used natural cellulosic polymer and polyester is a synthetic polymer. The use of polyester fiber is increasing gradually day by day due to its strength and longevity, while the use of cotton fiber is decreasing due to its unavailability. At present, the use of cotton‐polyester composites is ubiquitous. This research work aims to assess the physical, mechanical and comfort properties of the woven fabric using cotton‐polyester composite yarns in a weft direction and coarser yarn count because of the use of these fabrics in the future for the denim manufacturing process. Four different samples were fabricated by using 100% cotton (10 Ne) yarn in the warp direction and 100% cotton, cotton‐polyester composite, and 100% polyester yarn in the weft direction of the fabric. Similar fabric and machine parameters were maintained for manufacturing all the samples. The samples were then tested for areal density, tensile strength, thickness, abrasion resistance and pilling, drape, flexural rigidity, and air permeability to find the optimum capability of the fabric. Physico‐mechanical properties with the proportion of increasing polyester components in fabrics improves areal density (184 to 199 g/m2), strength (almost 19 times in weft direction), drape (0.655% to 0.789%), and flexural rigidity (almost double). On the other hand, increasing comfortability properties with the proportion of cotton components in fabrics improve air permeability (139.85 to 159.58 cc/s/cm2), abrasion (only 3.036% mass loss), and pilling resistance (grading 4 after 2000 cycles). Highlights: Composite yarns made of cotton and polyester provide a method of improving fabric properties for better performance.Higher proportions of cotton make clothes more breathable and less likely to pill and wear out.Polyester parts make fabrics stronger, more durable, and less likely to wear out.Cotton‐polyester composites are ideal and have potential for various textile applications.Blending natural and synthetic fibers composite allows for customized fabrics that meet specific performance needs without compromising comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The paper aims to provide an investigation about the effect of weft yarn type on thermal comfort and air permeability properties of Lyocell blended drapery fabrics. Design/methodology/approach: The paper evaluates the effect of weft yarn type on thermal comfort and air permeability properties of Lyocell blended drapery fabrics. Twill drapery fabrics with 18 Tex linen warp yarn where two types of weft yarns were utilized respectively with the order of "A" yarn and "B" yarn. 58 Tex Lyocell Linen blended first weft yarn (A yarn) was kept constant and the second weft yarn (B yarn) varied in different yarn structures and yarn count. Thermal comfort properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal resistivity, thermal absorptivity, fabric thickness were measured by means of Alambeta device. Correlation matrix between the thermal properties was also displayed. Air permeability results were obtained by using SDL Atlas Digital Air Permeability Tester Model M 021 A. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed in order to investigate the effect of weft yarn type on thermal comfort and air permeability properties of Lyocell blended drapery fabrics. Findings: In this paper, weft yarn type was found as a significant factor on some of the thermal comfort properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal resistivity, thermal absorptivity, fabric thickness and on the air permeability properties. Originality/value: There are limited works related to evaluation of some thermal comfort and air permeability properties of Lyocell blended drapery fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comfort is the prime need in clothing. It is affected by the properties of fibers, yarns, and fabrics. A good understanding of these factors is essential in the design and conception of functional clothes. Fabric design serves as a manufacturing tool to meet several end-use requirements. The construction specifications and design of knitted fabrics greatly influence the comfort level of the end-use garment. This study aims to investigate the effect of the knitting stitch type and the dyeing process on the clothing comfort of knitted fabrics. For this purpose, five structures were prepared by combining plain, float and tuck stitches: plain jersey, cross miss 1 × 1, single cross tuck, weft lock knit and Lacoste. Then, yellow, and black dyeing were applied. The investigated wear comfort properties were the drying time, the air permeability and the relative water vapor permeability. Tests were conducted on the finished and on domestically washed fabrics. The data obtained were statistically evaluated with Pearson correlation, paired t -test, analysis of variance analysis and the Tukey test. The results showed that tucked fabrics have the longest drying time combined with the lowest air and water vapor permeability. Black variants showed better drying behavior and higher water vapor permeability. Analysis of variance results showed that the structure has a significant effect on clothing comfort. However, the dyeing process exerts a significant influence only on the drying time and the relative water vapor permeability. The paired t -test results indicate that the domestic washing cycles significantly change the drying time and the air permeability of knitted fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the correlation between the mesh structure design, fabric pore characteristics and the permeability and moisture permeability of the warp-knitted jacquard shoe upper materials, six shoe material samples with different structures were prepared according to the specific design diagram of the fabric. The pore characteristics of the fabric were described from the surface porosity, volume density and average pore diameter, and the influence on the permeability and moisture permeability of the shoe material was compared and analyzed. The results show that the increase of the proportion of thick tissue in the design will reduce the surface porosity of the fabric and increase the volume density, which will reduce the permeability and moisture permeability of the shoe material. The increase of the proportion of mesh structure will increase the surface porosity and decrease the bulk density of the fabric, thus enhancing its air permeability and moisture permeability. The permeability and moisture permeability of shoes with mesh structure design is significantly better than that without mesh structure design under the same fabric thickness, but the permeability and moisture permeability of shoes with larger average pore size under the same mesh proportion design is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic textiles (E-textiles) have experienced an increase in interest in recent years leading to a variety of new concepts emerging in the field. Despite these technical innovations, there is limited literature relating to the testing of E-textiles for some of the fundamental properties linked to wearer comfort. As such, this research investigates four fundamental properties of E-textiles: air permeability, drape, heat transfer, and moisture transfer. Three different types of E-textiles were explored: an embroidered electrode, a knitted electrode, and a knitted structure with an embedded electronic yarn. All of the E-textiles utilized the same base knitted fabric structure to facilitate a comparative study. The study used established textile testing practices to evaluate the E-textiles to ascertain the suitability of these standards for these materials. The study provides a useful point of reference to those working in the field and highlights some limitations of existing textile testing methodologies when applied to E-textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow of moisture through textile surfaces is a complex phenomenon as many factors influenceits transmission. The objective of this research work is to determine the effect of yarn and binding on their ability to prevent or promote moisture transmission within knitted structures. For this, we have developed a series of structures from cotton yarn and five types of polyester with different counts. The study of moisture transmission for the samples we have developed requires various tests to make a comprehensive study including air permeability, porosity, absorption rate, drying time, Fabric-vertical wicking, and moisture absorption. The results found by the absorption rate test showed that the pique jacquard absorbs better than the double face-one facejacquard. Based on the results of moisture management, air permeability and porosity, an optimum knitted structure is developed that corresponds to the good moisture transmission and the air permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing and engineering clothing for an intended end use necessitates careful selection of fibre, yarn and fabric constructional parameters. Ideal clothing comfort can be achieved by designing clothing, considering high thermal resistance for protection from cold, low resistance to water vapour transfer in mild thermal stress conditions and rapid transfer of vapour and liquid moisture under high thermal stress conditions and rapid transfer of vapour and liquid moisture under hugh thermal stress conditions. Several studies have been reported on the influence of various fibre, yarn and fabric constructional variables on comfort properties of woven and knitted fabrics and the findings show that the fibre, yarn and fabric variables strongly influence the thermo-physiological properties of fabrics and determine the suitability for their particular end use. Several yarn variables, like yarn twist, yarn count, yarn spinning system and yarn types, have been reported to affect the properties of textiles. Change in any of these parameters ultimately changes the yarn structure, which, in turn, depends on the fibre geometry. Distriution of fibres in yarn dictates thermal as well as moistre transfer properties of fabrics. Fabric structure, thickness, cover factor, aerial desnity, bulk density, fabric porosity and finishing treatments affect the thermal and moisture management properties and hence determine the comfort properties of textiles. This paper reports a detailed study on the comfort characteristics of textiles and factors at interplay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influences of cotton fiber and CoolMax filament composite yarn on the moisture absorption and quick drying performance and air permeability of fabrics under different yarn structures, yarn twists and fabric structures were discussed. Eight kinds of fabrics were prepared by orthogonal experiments, and their various factors were tested and analyzed. The results showed that the combination of different yarn structures, yarn twists, and fabric structures had a significant impact on the moisture absorption quick drying performance and air permeability of the fabric. The moisture absorption of the fabric was optimal when yarn structure was core spun yarn, yarn twist was bigger and fabric structure was twill weave. The optimal quicking drying of the fabric was achieved when the yarn structure was wrapped yarn, yarn twist was bigger and fabric structure was plain weave. The fabric had the best air permeability when the yarn structure was wrapped yarn, yarn twist was bigger and fabric structure was twill weave. It is considered that overall planning and analysis in many aspects can be done to achieve the best performance during the actual development of fabrics with moisture absorption and quick drying properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recyclable yarn has become increasingly significant because of growing environmental consciousness and the necessity to acquire or enhance the qualities of woven materials in the years to come. A cotton yarn's tensile strength, rip strength, and permeability to air were examined to obtain the intended outcomes. The experiment was carried out on specimens with almost identical structures, and the impact of the weaving and various weft materials was evaluated. This endeavor aims to find the right blend or blends of regenerated fibers to substitute 100% cotton garments. The mechanical strength and physiological characteristics of Tencel textiles mixed with other regenerate cellulose yarns were compared to those of 100% cotton to attain the same or possibly superior end qualities. Thus, cotton fibers, viscosity, Tencel, modal, and hemp were used. Standard thread counts of 20 tex were used to make mixed plain woven textiles made of 100% cotton and 50:50 mixes of Tencel with other regenerating materials. The ergonomic qualities, such as air permeability, and mechanical characteristics (tension and tearing assets, pilling, abrasion resistance, and warp- and weft-wise) were assessed. It has been discovered that textiles combined with Tencel perform better than cotton ones. Consequently, it may be said that 100% cotton textiles can be replaced with a Tencel combination, using these regenerating fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Factors such as the growing popularity of sports, changing lifestyles and the increasing number of sporting events contribute significantly to the popularity of sports textiles. Sports textiles play an important role in the performance of athletes, as they need to provide freedom of movement and comfort to the wearer during activity. In this paper, seven conventional and high-performance polyamide and polyester yarns were selected for the development of knitted fabrics for sportswear. The fabrics were manufactured as single jersey and double jersey structures, both with and without incorporated elastane yarn. The fabrics manufactured were tested for mass per unit area, fabric thickness, fabric density, porosity, air permeability and water vapour permeability. The results of the study indicate that the air permeability of all four fabric groups shows a strong correlation with the measured porosity. The average water vapour permeability of single jersey fabrics is significantly higher than that of double jersey fabrics, and the addition of elastane leads to a further reduction. The correlation between the water vapour permeability and the thickness of single jersey, elastane-plated single jersey and double jersey fabrics is negative.

Uncomfortable feelings during wear highly affect human health, work efficiency, and mental satisfaction. This study evaluated the thermal comfort of woven fabrics made from 16Ne ring and rotor spun weft yarns(x1). The other variables involved are warp tensions (x2) of 1 kilo newton (KN) and 2 kN, weft tensions (x3) of PFT/B- and PFT/B+T, and weft densities (x4) of 14 picks per centimeter (PPC) and 18 PPC. Comfort properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal insulation, and air permeability were measured and analyzed. The fabric produced from rotor-spun weft yarn showed better thermal comfort properties than the fabric made from ring-spun weft yarn. The results of the analysis revealed that when warp and weft yarn tension increased and weft density decreased, thermal conductivity and air permeability also increased. However, thermal insulation of the fabric decreased as yarn tension increased. On the other hand, as the weft density increased, the thermal insulation of the fabric increased. Air permeability increased as weft tension increased from PFT/B- to PFT/B+T and it decreased as weft density increased from 14 PPC to 18PPC. The maximum thermal conductivity and minimum thermal resistance were attained at 14 PPC weft density and ring-spun weft yarn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the integration of sustainable practices in the textile industry through the use of naturally colored cotton, which offers significant environmental advantages by eliminating the need for chemical bleaching and dyeing, thereby conserving water, chemicals, and energy. We examined the impact of yarn count and twist multiplier (TM) on the quality parameters of knitted fabrics tailored for winter cotton sweaters, utilizing a flatbed knitting machine to create a rib-cum-interlock structure. Our analysis aimed at optimizing thermal resistance, pilling resistance, and bursting strength, while reducing air permeability and fabric shrinkage. The findings indicated that thermal resistance peaked at 2.33 × 10−3 m2K/W for yarns with a 20/2 Ne count and a 4.5 TM. Furthermore, coarser yarns demonstrated enhanced bursting strength, with the highest at 276.8 kPa for a 16/2 Ne count and 4.25 TM, and an increase in yarn count improved pilling resistance. Air permeability was lowest at 103 mm/s for 16/2 Ne yarns. Interestingly, a rise in yarn count led to negative lengthwise shrinkage but positive widthwise shrinkage. The 20/2 Ne yarn count with a 4.50 twist multiplier emerged as optimal across considered properties, underscoring the potential of naturally colored cotton as a sustainable alternative in textile manufacturing. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential of naturally colored sustainable cotton as a viable alternative to conventional cotton in the textile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat and mass transfer properties of textile fabrics determine thermal comfort. This paper introduces a statistical study on the contribution of yarn fineness to the heat and mass transfer properties of single jersey cotton and polyester fabrics through relevant measurements. It is observed that yarn fineness affects those properties at different levels in differing fiber types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted environmental and supply issues related to single-use protective masks for both the general public and some healthcare workers. Reusable fabrics are an interesting alternative to disposable nonwovens and offer a prospect of protection in other fields such as against fine particles in urban areas. In this paper, the behavior of 22 woven fabrics regarding air permeability, simulating breathability through the material, and filtration against 3 µm diameter particles is investigated. First, basic laws are verified between the performance of a single layer of fabrics and that of a stack. A relationship is established between air permeability and filtration efficiency, allowing one to be calculated when the other is known. Second, the influence of parameters defined at various scales of the structure (fibers, yarns and fabrics) is analyzed. The most sensitive structural parameters that can be considered as predictors are then identified and used in a model allowing the calculation of air permeability. In this model two levels of porosity are taken into account: a macroscopic porosity at the scale of the woven structure and a microscopic porosity at the scale of the thread. The model proposed in this study offers a convenient method to design an effective filter from data easily measurable during manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Woven fabrics are widely used for thermal protection due to their porosity, which provides thermal insulation and breathability. This research focuses on investigating the influential parameters in the thermal protective properties of layer interchanging double cloth, including the woven structure and varying yarn fineness. The properties affecting the protective properties and comfort of multilayered woven fabrics include the fabric thickness, fabric porosity, and air permeability. Darcy's law is applicable for determining the effective air permeability of woven fabrics. By understanding and controlling fabric porosity, it becomes possible to develop thermal protective clothing that combines improved comfort, cost-efficiency, and effectiveness. This study represents a novel approach for the clarification of airflow permeability behavior in complex structures of elastic multilayer woven fabrics using Darcy's law. This innovative approach expands the understanding of permeability in fabrics beyond single-layer fabrics with vertical pores or 3D fabrics used in resin injection processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chemical Industry / Hemijska Industrija is the property of Association of Chemical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, hybrid weft-knit plated fabrics were produced by co-feeding glass and wool/acrylic blend yarns. While the wool/acrylic yarn in contact with skin is expected to provide comfort, the glass yarn next to the environment is to provide protection. The physical, structural, air permeability, bursting strength, and the protection against flame properties of glass plus wool/acrylic plated fabric were compared with the reference fabrics consisting completely of glass or wool/acrylic blend yarn. Two factors: the yarn composition and the cam setting of the knitting machine were considered. Two-ply of glass yarn was fed to the each face of the reference glass fabric, and a single-ply of wool/acrylic yarn was fed to the each face of the reference wool/acrylic fabric. On the other hand, while the hybrid plated fabric's back face accommodated two-ply of glass yarn, its front face involved a single-ply of wool/acrylic yarn. Two different cam settings, loose and tight, were selected. The physical and the structural properties of the fabrics were measured. Then, air permeability, bursting strength, and the protection against flame tests were performed. Test results were subjected to detailed statistical data analysis and how they were affected by the yarn composition and the cam setting was presented with visual and self-explanatory graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pile loop knit fabrics have attracted attention in biomedical applications particularly due to their unique porous three-dimensional structures. Since there is a close relationship between pore characteristics and air permeability of a textile structure, the control of air permeability property during production would improve production planning when designing new knitted fabrics. This study deals with the development of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, and a Fuzzy Logic (FL) model for predicting the air permeability of pile loop knit fabrics. For this aim, pile loop knit structures with different areal densities were produced by using textured polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns from four different filament fineness. Multiple linear regression (MLR), FL, and ANN model analyses were done. The root mean square error of the MLR, FL, and ANN were found to be 14.934, 12.41, and 2.418, respectively. Thus, the ANN model provided superior performance over the MLR and FL model in predicting air permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Availability, simplicity of processing, biodegradability, sustainability, and compatibility with human skin in terms of moisture management and temperature regulation, cellulosic fibers are preferred for clothing. In this study four (04) different cellulosic yarns (cotton, bamboo, viscose, and tencel) and two weave designs (1/1 plain and 2/2 warp rib) were used to develop eight (08) woven fabrics with equal thread densities, and their volume porosity %, air permeability, thermal resistance, water vapor permeability index, and moisture management properties were compared. The results showed that tencel fabrics showed the highest water vapor permeability index and overall moisture management capability (OMMC) values, whereas cotton fabrics had the highest values of volume porosity %, air permeability, and thermal resistance. Furthermore, the 2/2 warp rib weave design showed higher values of volume porosity %, air permeability, and thermal resistance in comparison with 1/1 plain woven fabrics, while the water vapor permeability index and OMMC values were higher in 1/1 plain woven fabrics. Moreover, the statistical significance of both factors (cellulose material and weave design) on different results was also analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tri-layer knitted fabrics created for the aim of active sportswear have been enhanced with the help of microdenier filament polyester yarn, spun polyester yarn, polypropylene, and cotton in this study. These developed trilayer knitted fabrics are then examined for the thermal comfort properties. The results evidently showed that Microdenier Polyester/Microdenier Polyester/Cotton tri-layer knitted fabrics combination shows exceptionally appreciable thermal comfort properties due to their structural factors such as filamentous nature, lesser thickness, low areal density, and lesser bulkiness. The effect of fiber chosen also plays a crucial part with respect to the thermal comfort properties of tri-layer fabrics developed. Samples such as Microdenier Polyester/Polypropylene/Cotton, Polypropylene/Microdenier Polyester/Cotton also performed better next to that of the Microdenier Polyester/Microdenier Polyester/Cotton combination because polypropylene also possesses a good wicking characteristic. A poor thermal behavior was found in the Microdenier Polyester/Cotton/Polypropylene sample because of the reasons such as protruding fibers of cotton, increased thickness, high areal density, etc. Also on comparing between the filament and the spun yarn, the filament yarn is highly recommended due to its appreciable behavior. Results evidently show that Microdenier Polyester/Microdenier Polyester/Cotton combination possesses an exceptionally appreciable thermal comfort property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Different yarn spinning methods with different fiber combinations provide an optimization for the consumer requests of durability, functionality, comfort, and price. Vortex yarns and the fabrics produced from these yarns have aroused interest for the last years owing to lower yarn production cost and the satisfying fabric comfort properties. Within this work, core-spun vortex knitted fabrics of three different yarn count (400, 300, and 200 dtex) with six different core yarn type (70 dtex Polyvinyl alcohol, 110/36 dtex/filament polyester yarn, 80/36 dtex/filament polyester yarn, 110/333 dtex/filament micro polyester yarn, 50/96 dtex/filament, 120 dtex staple polyester vortex yarn) and two different sheath sliver types (100% viscose, polyester-viscose blended sliver) were studied. Moisture management transport property (MMT), water vapor permeability, and air permeability properties of those knitted fabrics were evaluated comparatively. Obtained results were statistically evaluated using three-way ANOVA test. It was determined that core yarn type, sheath sliver type, and yarn linear density were generally influential factors on MMT, water vapor permeability, air permeability properties of the core-spun vortex fabrics at significance level of 0.05. Correlation analyses between yarn hairiness and water vapor permeability as well as between yarn hairiness and air permeability were indicated. The conducted work provides an initial phase toward a better understanding of influence of some core-spun vortex yarn parameters on comfort properties of knitted fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural characteristics, dimensional change after four washing cycles, non-creasing properties and air permeability of Swiss double piqué knitted fabrics from cotton/flax (70% cotton, 30% flax), PAN/flax (70% PAN, 30% flax) and 100% flax yarns have been investigated. These knitted fabric samples of varying densities were produced on a 10 -gauge circular knitting machine. The results of investigation showed that the structural characteristics, dimensional change in washing, non-creasing properties and air permeability are highly dependent on the type of yarn used. Besides the type of yarn, the structural characteristics, such as the number of wales W and courses C per centimeter, fabric stitch density S, weight Ws, and fabric tightness K, are also influenced by the average loop length lα. The weight Ws and thickness t of knitted fabrics are determined by the diameter of the yarn used. Usually, primary dimensional alterations of knitted fabrics of all yarn types occur after the first and second washing cycles. The non-creasing properties of the examined knitted fabrics are mainly affected by the type of yarn, rather than the average loop length lα. Lastly, the air permeability AP of knitted fabrics is affected by the type of yarn, the average loop length lα, and fabric density S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the use of woven and knitted fabrics with elastane has increased remarkably. This is due to the particular fact that these articles are characterized by excellent wear comfort and fit. In addition to extensibility, thermo-physiological comfort properties such as air permeability and thermal properties can be influenced by elastane yarn. This paper aimed to investigate the relation between elastane yarn linear density and fabric dimensional and thermal properties. Two series of 3 knitted fabrics were produced using the 8-feed Single-Jersey Circular Knitting Machine MERZ - MBS. The ground yarns were: 30% Outlast®Viscose / 70% Cotton, 14.75 tex, and a Dacron® 702 WSD 1.7/38, 14.30 tex (Coolmax®). The plating yarns were 22 dtex, 44 dtex, and 77 dtex Creora®, plated at every feeder by using the electronic feeder. The results indicated that the linear density of elastane has a significant effect on the dimensional and thermal properties of Coolmax®/Creora® and Outlast®/Creora® plated plain knitted fabric. The elastane yarn linear density mainly influences the number of courses per cm and consequently the number of stitches per cm2, and respectively the weight of knitted fabrics. The linear density of elastane yarn influences mostly the air permeability, thermal conductivity, and thermal absorptivity of Single-Jersey fabrics. The higher the linear density of the elastane yarn, the lower the air permeability and the higher the thermal conductivity and thermal absorptivity of the fabrics. These findings are an important tool in the design of a product tailored to thermal management requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The air permeability, thermal resistance, water vapor permeability, water absorption, and Stiffness were measured to determine the comfort property of the fabric. For this study, the plain, twill, and satin structures were produced from warp ring-spun yarn and weft open-end spinning yarns. Using ANOVA statistical analysis, the weave structures on the comfort properties of these fabrics were investigated. The finding of this study revealed that from plain to twill and satin structure the result leads to an increasing of Water Vapor Permeability, Water absorption rate, and air permeability. On the contrary, from plain to twill and satin the thermal resistance and stiffness of fabrics were reduced. Plain weave structure was superior thermal resistance and stiffness, whereas Satin weaves have higher air permeability, water vapor permeability, and water absorption rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose is the most abundant substance existing in the form of plants on the earth. These fibers are obtained either directly or indirectly from the seed, leaves, stem, or wood of plants. Cellulosic fibers are preferred for apparels owing to their abundance, ease of processing, biodegradation, and compatible with the human body in terms of better moisture management, thermal regulation, and tactile comfort. In this study, woven fabric made of four different cellulosic yarns, i.e. cotton, bamboo, tencel, and viscose were produced, and their thermo-physiological comfort properties were compared. The linear density of yarns, and thread density and weave structure (3/1 twill) of all the fabrics were kept constant on the weaving machine. Air permeability, thermal resistance, and moisture management tests were carried out to analyze their thermo-physiological comfort properties. The results showed that cotton fabric showed higher air permeability and thermal resistance as compared to other cellulosic fabrics. Whereas the moisture management properties of tencel fabric were superior to the rest of cellulosic fabrics. Moreover, the effect of cellulosic materials on air permeability and moisture management properties of the woven fabrics was found statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibrous construction and combination of different fine/coarse fibres, bonding techniques and the directional arrangement of fibres are the significant performance parameters of the unique characteristics in nonwovens and their composites applications in filtration products. After the ceramic/glass fibre needle-punched nonwoven characterisation, the diagonal stitch bonding made with PTFE-coated glass yarn on the nonwoven which influenced more on the tensile properties increased by 1.91–2.36 times than their initial strength and this is mainly due to the glass yarn which supporting the nonwoven fabric reducing the glass fibre slippage. The bursting strength significantly increased in a range of 1.4–1.6 times comparatively lower than tensile strength improvement where this minimal increase due to testing sample parameters where the glass fibre length itself supported the bursting strength 40 mm diaphragms. Further, to improve the tensile properties of the optimised samples, they were stitch bonded with 200 Denier glass fibre yarn diagonally at 10 mm intervals and analysed for their tensile behaviours as well as their physical and filtration characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this research was to determine the influence of the inner layer thickness and tightness, which depends on the length of the float determined by the float step and number of floats in the pattern repeat, on the thermal insulation and air permeability of the multilayered weft-knitted fabric. For this reason, weft-knitted spacer fabrics were produced by using woolen yarns for the outer layers and polyester filament yarn for the inner layer, with the number of floats in the inner layer varying between two and 20. Results from this research showed that the consequent increase in thickness and tightness of the spacer fabric's inner layer has unequal effect on the thermal insulation and air permeability. Therefore, similar thermal insulation can be achieved by having significantly higher air permeability. This is especially evident over a long period of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chemical Industry / Hemijska Industrija is the property of Association of Chemical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to explain the effects of denier per filament (DPF) on low-stress mechanical properties and the transmission behaviour of multifilament woven polyester fabrics. To observe the effect of filament fineness precisely, poly (ethylene terephthalate) filament yarn having a DPF 0.6, 0.7, 0.9. 1.0, 1.1, 1.4, 2.1 from the same batch of polymer are produced. The filament yarns are converted to the fabric with constant areal density. The low-stress mechanical properties of fabric samples are measured by using the Kawabata evaluation system (KES-FB). Air transmission and moisture vapour transmission behaviour are recorded by air permeability tester TEXTEST FX 3300 and moisture vapour permeability tester PERMETEST. The air permeability of fabric is positively correlated with DPF in fully drawn yarn (FDY) and draw textured yarn (DTY) forms. However, the air permeability is found significantly higher in DTY yarn than FDY having the same DPF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article was to compare the shrinkage and air permeability properties of woolen fabrics and fabrics with regenerated wool woven with different weaves for establishing the suitability of regenerated wool for blankets. Two series of products with yarns of different raw materials were woven. One group of fabrics was woven with regenerated woolen yarn in the weft and woolen yarn in the warp. The other group of fabrics was woven only from 100% woolen yarns. The shrinkage in the directions of the warp and the weft and the air permeability of the fabrics with regenerated wool and 100% woolen fabrics with different weaves were investigated. The shrinkage in the directions of the warp and the weft in the fabrics with regenerated wool in the weft and 100% woolen fabrics depended on the float length in the weave. When the length of the weave increased, the shrinkage also increased. The air permeability value changed depending on the number of intersections and the float length. The fabrics with regenerated wool in the direction of the weft had higher air permeability. The Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that the weave influenced the shrinkage in the directions of the weft and warp, but the raw material had no influence on the shrinkage. The weave did not influence the air permeability, in contrast to the raw material. The shrinkage in the directions of the warp and weft and the air permeability did not depend on the interrelationships of the weave group and the raw material of the fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comfort is an important quality criterion, especially for sportswear. It influences well-being, performance and efficiency. The necessary dissipation of heat and air flow, at high metabolic rates, must be designed and planned in advance. The influence of structure, density, mass and thickness of fabric were considered as well as yarn material composition, yarn linear density, yarn evenness and yarn hairiness. The influence of the mentioned parameters on thermal properties and air permeability was calculated. From the correlation analysis, it can be concluded that yarn's linear density, yarn short fibers hairiness, and mass per unit area of knitted fabric has the greatest impact on heat resistance. The yarn linear density, the yarn hairiness of the longer protruding fibers, and the thickness of the knitted fabric have the greatest impact on air permeability. A statistically significant model of multiple linear regression equations was offered to predict the thermal comfort of knitted fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wool of Dumba fleece is an admixture of fine wool and coarse hairy fibers. (Tomer, 2018) The use of the slow speed carding machinerecovers fine wool fibers accounts 19.6% of fleece weight. The mean fiber diameter and medullation of recovered wool are 23.2 µm and 14.0%, respectively. The recovered wool fibers are able to spin into yarn of 20.7 Nm with the use of carrier fiber only. Nylon staple fiber of 2.5 denier and fine crossbred wool are mixed to spin yarn on semi-worsted spinning system. The fabric was woven with prepared yarn on handloom. The fabric has found the harsh feel due to available medullated fibers even after the removal of hairy fibers. The surface properties of the fabric were improved through enzyme treatment followed by softener application. The fabrics were evaluated for thermal insulation and surface smoothness. The thermal insulation value is found to improve from 2.03 to 2.18 for enzyme and softener treated fabric, respectively. The chemical treatment improves the fabric smoothness/softness, i.e, frictional properties viz. dynamic and static frictional resistance by 12.4% and 7.0%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characteristics and serviceability of denim fabrics have undergone major changes. Nowadays denim is commonly used for casual wear. Durability and comfort are important parameters for consumers when choosing a denim garment. Therefore, in this study, abrasion resistance, tear and tensile properties of core-spun yarns and air permeability of denim fabrics with different weft yarns per centimetre and fibre content were analysed. The test results showed that weft yarns per centimetre influences fabric air permeability negatively but abrasion resistance increases. Higher weft yarns per centimetre influences fabric air permeability negatively but abrasion resistance increases. Polyester, elastane, modal, viscose and Lycra T400 were used in the core of weft yarn to analyse the impact of those fibres on the durability and comfort properties. Elastane is used to add stretchability to the fabric, which provides comfort to the wearer. The higher the elastomeric fibre content in the fabric, the greater is its elasticity; however, the tensile properties of the woven fabric decrease. The tear strength of the fabric was increased by the presence of the polyester fibre in the core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of the presented study was to develop new multi-layered weft-knitted structure for thermal insulation and to investigate the dynamic of the heat transfer through this fabric. For knitting of outer and inner layers of this structure, different raw materials of yarns were used, i.e. wool, cotton, polyester and acrylic yarns. All the newly developed multi-layered weft-knitted fabrics show thermal insulation as, after 1 h of observation, temperature on the outer layer of all tested fabrics does not reach 40℃, i.e. the temperature of a heated plate. The results of this research showed that the nature of the yarns has a significant influence on the air permeability and dynamic of the heat exchange through the multi-layered structure, as it influences porosity of the knitted fabric. The results showed that the best fabric was the one where the outer layers are knitted from woollen yarns and the inner layer from polyester filament yarns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raw material ratio and mass per unit area on the property of thermal protection fabric were discussed. 16 kinds of thermal protective fabrics were prepared, the air permeability, mechanical property, flame retardant property and thermal protection property of the fabrics with 4 yarns blending ratios and 4 fabrics mass per unit area were studied systematically. Combined with two-factor variance analysis,the effect of raw material ratio and mass per unit area on fabric property were discussed. The results showed that the ratio of raw materials has a significant effect on the fabric tensile property, tear property, damage length and thermal protection property, but has no significant effect on the air permeability. The mass per unit area has a significant effect on the fabric air permeability, tensile property, tear property, weft damage length and thermal protection property,but has no effect on the warp damage length. It is considered that the ratio of raw materials and the mass per unit area should be optimized according to the property requirements of thermal protective fabric in actual product development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of air, oxygen and argon plasma treatment on the thermal comfort behavior of cotton woven fabric which is spun from modified yarn path in ring spinning has been investigated in this study. The cotton fabric samples were undergone different plasma treatment namely air, argon and oxygen. The fabric air permeability has tend to be decreased with the plasma treatment and the oxygen plasma-treated fabric has least air permeability. The untreated fabric shows higher air permeability followed by left diagonal yarn path, straight path and right diagonal yarn path. It was also observed thermal resistance and water vapor permeability of the fabric has increased with the plasma treatment and the oxygen plasma-treated fabric has higher thermal resistance and water vapor permeability. The untreated fabric shows lower thermal resistance and water vapor permeability followed by left diagonal yarn path, straight path and right diagonal yarn path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dokuz Eylul University Muhendislik Faculty of Engineering Journal of Science & Engineering / Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi is the property of Dokuz Eylul Universitesi Muhendislik Fakultesi Fen ve Muhendislik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The double fabrics having a complex structure are used in different areas both technically and aesthetically. In this study, tensile and air permeability properties of self-stitched double fabrics were investigated. Firstly, six different self-stitched double fabrics having the same yarn type, same settings, two different weave types, and three different stitching arrangements were designed and manufactured. Then, the tensile properties of these double fabrics were tested by applying tensile test at warp and weft directions, and bias-extension test at 45° bias direction. The effect of structural properties on tensile and air permeability results was discussed statistically. The tensile properties of self-stitched double fabrics having plain weave types are mostly better than 2/2 twill ones. The differences between tensile properties of self-stitched double fabrics generally were not found statistically significant according to stitching arrangement except the double fabric having plain weave type and higher stitching points. On the other hand, the differences between air permeability properties of all self-stitched double fabrics were found statistically significant at 95 % confidence level in terms of both stitching arrangement and weave type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The properties of flame retardant blended yarns with different blending ratios and their fabrics were discussed. Aramid 1313, flame retardant viscose, modacrylic were used as raw materials.Five kinds of blending ratio were designed for single yarn and ply. The breaking strength & elongation of single yarn and ply, the thickness of plain woven fabrics and twill fabrics with different blending ratios, warp density & weft density, breaking strength, TPP value and so on were tested. The test results showed that the TPP value of twill fabrics were all larger than those of plain woven fabrics when the blending ratio was same.It meant twill fabrics had better thermal protective property.It is considered that the thermal protective property of twill fabric with the blending ratio of 3 is the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flame retardancy and water repellency are frequently applied finishing processes for drapery fabrics. These two treatments should require special attention when they are applied consecutively. This research aims to investigate the effect of sequential finishing processes by utilizing of different flame retardant chemical ratio (0, 60 and 90 g/l) and fluorocarbon based water repelling substance ratio (0, 10 and 30 g/l) on hydrophobic, flammability, air permeability and stiffness properties of the drapery fabrics. According to the results of statistical analyses, it was determined that fabric burning behaviour, air permeability and stiffness properties were significantly influenced from the process types with different finishing substance ratios and from the weft yarn density as well as from the interaction of process type and weft yarn density at 0.05 significance level. Additionally, process type was a significant factor on water repellency of drapery samples however weft yarn density and the interaction of weft yarn density and the process type were not influential factors on water repellency at significance level of 0.05. For both warp and weft fabric directions, lowest damage zone at the length and width with the ignition source was obtained from the samples which were only treated with flame retardancy process without water repellency (90-0 coded process). The most satisfying results in terms of water repellency were obtained from the samples treated with 60-30 coded process where 60 g/l FR and 30 g/l water repellent chemical substances were utilized respectively. Drapery fabrics treated with 60-0 coded process revealed the best windproof feature indicating the lowest air permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fractal weave has a different appearance from the traditional weaves, and the fabric performances such as air and moisture comfort have not been studied. The relationship between the fabric structure and performance of the fractal weaves is not yet clear. In this paper, the corresponding fractal weaves were generated based on the fractal theory, and the corresponding fabrics were woven using raw silk as the warp yarn and cashmere/water-soluble vinylon as the weft yarn. The structural parameters, air permeability and moisture permeability were tested. The results show that fabric moisture permeability are not closely related with the three weave parameters of fractal dimension, average float length and weave coefficient. Its conduction mechanism is different from air permeability. The average floating length, fractal dimension, and its parameter combinations have a good fitting relationship with air permeability, and the polynomial fitting R 2 can reach to 0.99938. The fitting formula 8 has guiding significance for the design of fabrics with certain air permeability requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for innovative fabrics has rapidly increased in recent years, owing to their cost effective with good aesthetic and comfort properties. Seersucker fabrics are cost effective fabric structure with good aesthetic and comfort properties produced by modification in material or in fabric structures. The main purpose of this research work is to develop seersucker fabric on interlock machine through using different yarns and stripes height. Puckering effect on knitted fabric obtained using elastane covered yarn with simple cotton yarn and relaxation of elastane made the cotton yarn produce a puckering effect. Different seersucker fabrics were produced by changing tube size with the help of change in stripe height and using different yarn combinations on the back side (i.e. cotton covered elastane, spun polyester, and cotton) of the fabric. The seersucker knitted fabric were subjected to different tests such as mechanical testing that is fabric stretch, tactile comfort and thermophysiological comfort, that is, thermal resistance and air permeability test. The test results concluded that the seersucker interlock knitted fabric gives good comfort and aesthetic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimization technique is mainly used to find out the optimal value of control factors which yield the best response variables. In the case of more than one response variable, the optimization process using the Taguchi approach will give a different set of optimal level for each response variable. Consolidating Taguchi method with grey relation analysis will give optimal levels of control factors for all response variables. In the present study, multi-response optimization based on Taguchi-grey relational analysis was conducted to maximize tensile strength, breaking extension and air permeability of cotton woven fabrics. Cotton woven fabric parameters such as weft yarn count, weave structure, weft yarn density with three levels, and twist factor of the weft yarn with two levels were used as control factors. Using full factorial design, 81 experiments will be conducted. Whereas, using the Taguchi approach and L18 orthogonal array in particular, these experiments will be reduced to 16 experiments. Using Taguchi-grey relational method, optimal combination of the control factors which yield the best-woven fabric properties under study were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to analyze the ergonomic properties of knitwear, that form sense of thermophysiological comfort of a person and their connection with the geometric characteristics of the knitted structure to study the prospects of comfort predicting using computer-aided design systems. Methodology. During the research methods of theoretical analysis, basics of the theory of knitting, theories of thin elastic shell, basic concepts of mechanics and the basics of hydrodynamics were used. Findings. In the course of the work a theoretical analysis of scientific works and normative and technical documentation on various aspects of the definition and provision at the required level of ergonomic properties of knitwear that characterize the level of its convenience and comfort has been carried out. It was found that many researchers refer as most influencing the sense of comfort such properties as: air permeability, water vapour permeability, thermal resistance, hygroscopicity, electrical resistance, as well as stiffness and stretchability, that most affect the ability of knitwear to keep shape and fit the size of the human body. It was found that all abovementioned knitwear properties depend on the geometric characteristics of the knitted structure, such as yarn diameter; the loop length; wale spacing; course spacing; the thickness of the knit and others. Theoretical models of mechanical and physical properties of knitwear are functions of the geometrical characteristics of its structure, therefore the quality prediction of physical behaviour of knitwear depends on the quality of the 3D geometric model of the yarn, knitted in the knit. Scientific novelty. As a result of an analytical review of scientific publications and normative and technical documentation, the ergonomics of knitwear that form a feeling of thermophysiological comfort were determined, and their connection with the geometric characteristics of the knitwear structure was established. Practical value. Theoretical models of air permeability, thermal conductivity and stretchability, published in scientific journals, from the point of view of the possibility of their use as the basis for mathematical support of the computer-aided design system of knitted clothing are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]