Search

Alpsko smučanje je priljubljen zimski šport, ki ima dolgo zgodovino. Vsebuje veliko vrst in stopenj, od igric na snegu, do rekreativnega in vrhunskega smučanja. Najvišjo stopnjo predstavljajo tekme za svetovni pokal, ki potekajo že pol stoletja. Kot vsak šport, tudi alpsko smučanje ni imuno na poškodbe. Vzrokov za poškodbe je več in v diplomskem delu jih skušamo zajeti in analizirati ter najti rešitve, kako bolje ukrepati in se izogniti nekaterim nesrečam in poškodbam. Ker gre v celoti za šport na prostem, je določen del poškodb, tako rekreativnih kot tekmovalnih smučarjev, posledica slabih, neugodnih in nevarnih vremenskih pogojev. Rekreativni smučar si ob slabih pogojih lahko premisli in ostane doma, medtem, ko pri tekmovalcih v svetovnem pokalu v ozadju igra veliko vlogo tudi denar. Visoki stroški organizacij tekem, denarni skladi in želja gledalcev, da ne glede na vse ujamejo predvsem tiste najbolj spektakularne tekme. Prav slednje vodi na nevarnost in neke vrsto gladiatorstvo, kjer smučarji praktično nimajo veliko besede pri teh odločitvah. V diplomskem delu obravnavamo tudi smučarsko opremo, predvsem smuči, vezi in podložne plošče, ki so lahko vzrok poškodb. Izmed teh smo izpostavili najpogostejše poškodbe križnih vezi, meniskusa in hrbtenice. Pomemben del naloge zajema kondicijska in psihološka priprava tekmovalcev. Tu je zagotovo še veliko prostora za napredek, gradnjo samega sebe in samozaupanja, katera omogočata večjo samozavest na tekmah in treningih. Alpine skiing is a popular winter sport with a long history. It contains many types and levels, from games on the snow to recreational and professional skiing. The highest level are World Cup races, that have been taking place for over half of the century. Like in any other sport, injuries are also part of the alpine skiing. In this bachelor thesis I will try to capture and analyse causes for injuries in order to take better actions and avoid those injuries and accidents in the future. Since alpine skiing is an outdoor sport, some of the injuries of both, recreational and professional skiers, are the result of bad, unpleasant and dangerous weather conditions. While recreational skiers are able to influence their decision on whether to go skiing or not based on the weather, professional skiers do not have that possibility, especially because money involved plays a big role. Huge organizational expenses, award funds and also hunger of the fans to see the most intriguing races lead to danger and racers becoming sort of gladiators, who do not have big influence on important decisions. Bachelor thesis will furthermore include research of the ski equipment: skis, ski bindings and pads, because those elements are mainly the reason for injuries. Especially the injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament, meniscus and spine were pointed out. Important aspects are also fitness and psychological preparation of the contestants. Those areas offer plenty of room for progress, mainly in self-build and self-confidence, which allow for greater confidence on training ground and in competitions.

Svetovni pokal je dogodek, ki se ga načrtuje dalj časa in zahteva veliko priprav ter usposobljenega osebja pri sami organizaciji in izpeljavi. Lahko ga razumemo kot projekt, saj je časovno omejen, ima določene finančne omejitve, zahteva določeno število in kvalifikacijo kadrov pri izvedbi ter ga sestavljajo posamezni podcilji, ki so si različni, a jih moramo povezati v celoto, da dosežemo končni cilj. Svetovni pokal je tekmovanje, na katerega pridejo najboljši tekmovalci z vsega sveta, kar ima pri uspešni in učinkoviti organizaciji poleg finančnih koristi še številne druge prednosti za širše okolje. Poleg promocije kraja in okolice se vlaga tudi v infrastrukturo in posredno vpliva na športno aktivnost družbe od mlajše do starejše populacije. V nalogi smo analizirali prednosti in slabosti organizacije tekmovanja v Planici. Planico smo vključili, ker je tam nastal sodoben Nordijski center Planica, prav tako pa SZS kandidira za pridobitev organizacije svetovnega prvenstva v nordijskih disciplinah leta 2021. Obravnavali smo 3 različna obdobja prireditve. Sprva smo analizirali, ali imamo zagotovljene pogoje za izvedbo in kako lobirati za pridobitev tekmovanja. Ko smo pridobili organizacijo tekmovanja, smo postavili celotni organizacijski komite. Sestavili smo terminski in finančni plan tekmovanja. In ko je prireditev za širšo javnost končana, sledi še analiza rezultatov in ocena uspešnosti in učinkovitosti izvedbe. Ob predpostavki, da je tekmovanje potekalo brez večjih zapletov, smo naredili končno analizo. Sama analiza nam pove, ali je v prihodnje še smiselno kandidirati in organizirati takšno tekmovanje. Ker so pri nalogi sodelovale osebe, ki imajo izkušnje s podobnimi projekti in imajo praktična znanja, ter osebe z bogatim znanjem iz teorije, nam je uspelo sestaviti dobro organizacijsko strukturo odborov in potrebno količino finančnih ter fizičnih sredstev za dobro izvedbo. Naloga je lahko v pomoč organizatorjem tekaškim tekmovanjam v prihodnje. World Cup is an event, which requires long-term planning, a lot of preparation and qualified personnel at organization itself and its implementation. It can be understood as a project, since it is time limited, has specific financial constraints, requires a certain number and with specific qualification skilled stuff at implementing. It also consists different individual sub-goals, which should be connect to whole in order to achieve ultimate goal. World Cup is a competition where the best athletes from all over the world participate. Successful and efficient organization of the event brings financial benefits for organizer and as well several other benefits to the wider environment. Beside promotion of the town and its suburban area, there are investments in traffic and has an impact on sport activity of the society of all generations. In this paper, we focused on all advantages and disadvantages of the competition in Planica. Planica was included in analysis because of recently built modern Nordic centre. Furthermore, Slovenia Ski Association is candidate to organize FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, held in 2021. We considered three different phases of the event. First, we analyse whether required conditions for organization are been ensured, and how to lobby to win the competition bidding. Once the organization of the competition assigned is, the entire Organizing Committee needed to be set. Besides, the time and financial plan of the competition had to be set. When the event for wider public is closed, we have to analyse results and evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of its realisation. Assuming that the competitions conducted without any major complications, we can make final analysis. The results of the analysis tell us if it is reasonable to organize such competition again in the future. With this paper, we have managed to set a good organizational structure of committees, and with cooperation of people with experiences from similar projects and with practical knowledge from the area, we gained required amount of financial and physical resources for proper implementation. We can consider this paper as a good model and help for organizers of further similar cross-country skiing competitions planned in future.

Tekmovalno alpsko smučanje ima zelo pestro zgodovino. Če pogledamo v preteklost, nikakor ne smemo mimo določenih imen (Ingemar Stenmark, Alberto Tomba, Bojan Križaj, Michael von Grüningen …), ki so nedvomno pustila velik pečat v alpskem smučanju. Tekmovalci današnjega časa: Bode Miller, Ted Ligety, Marcel Hircher, Felix Neureuter in Alexis Pinturault pa so predstavniki veleslalomske tehnike, ki so jo zaznamovali tako ali drugače. V magistrskem delu smo obravnavali tehniko smučanja zgoraj omenjenih alpskih smučarjev svetovnega kova in prišli do ugotovive, da vsi stojijo na paralelno postavljenih smučeh v širini bokov ali v širini ramen. Vsi smučarji so uravnoteženi, čeprav imajo boke pomaknjene nekoliko nazaj. Pri večini lahko opazimo, da je aktivnejše zunanje koleno, veliko se jih pri ekstremnih nagibih poslužuje tretje oporne točke (roka ali celo komolec). Med smučanjem v nizki preži skušajo ohranjati čim več hitrosti oziroma jo celo povečevati. Vidna je močna opora robnika smuči, pri čemer skušajo smuči voditi brez oddrsavanja. Pri tehniki smučanja smo našli veliko skupnih značilnosti, vendar ima še vedno vsak tekmovalec določeno lastnost oziroma značilnost, ki njegovi tehniki daje edinstvenost. Pregledali smo tudi zgodovino smučarke tehnike in opreme, ki nam je dala še boljši vpogled v razumevanje tehnike alpskega smučanja. Competitive alpine skiing has a very varied history. Looking back, we can not pass the name of great skiers (Ingemar Stenmark, Alberto Tomba, Bojan Križaj, Michael von Grüningen…) which undoubtedly left a big mark in alpine skiing. Today's competitors: Bode Miller, Ted Ligety, Marcel Hircher, Felix Neureuter and Alexis Pinturault are representatives of the giant slalom technique, which marked it in some or other way. In the master's thesis we discussed the technique of skiing of the before mentioned alpine skiers and came to the conclusion that they all standing on parallel skies in the width of the hips or in the width of the shoulders. All skiers are balanced, although their hips have been slightly backwords. For most of the skiers, we can notice that there is a more active outside knee, most of them are using third balance point (arm or even elbow) in the extreme situations. They are skiing in low position and trying to ski as fast as possible, or even increase speed throught turns. We can see a powerful stance on the edge of the skis and leading skies without scattering. In the technique of skiing competitors, we have found many common characteristic, but still every competitor has a certain characteristic that gives his ski tecnique an uniqueness. We also made an overview of the history of the ski technique and ski equipment, which gave us a better insight into the understanding of the technique of alpine skiing

V diplomski nalogi smo analizirali slovensko tekmovalno alpsko smučanje med letoma 1974 in 2017. Na podlagi analize rezultatov iz tekem svetovnega pokala smo definirali obdobja tekmovalnih uspehov, tako v moškem kot v ženskem alpskem smučanju. V obdobju preteklih štirih desetletij je slovensko smučanje bilo deležno mnogih uspehov, pa tudi obdobij kriz in s tem slabših rezultatov. Na osnovi doseženih rezultatov bomo tako za moško kot tudi žensko alpsko smučanje definirali najpomembnejša obdobja, na osnovi dejavnikov uspešnosti v športu pa smo po obdobjih izpostavili tiste sklope dejavnikov uspešnosti, ki so bili za določeno obdobje najbolj tipični oz. v ospredju. Največji uspehi v slovenskem tekmovalnem alpskem smučanju se začnejo z Bojanom Križajem, ki kot sedemnajst-letnik opozori nase na članskem svetovnem prvenstvu v St. Moritzu leta 1974. Prelomna pa je bila predvsem sezona 1974/75, ko je Križaj v Mayerhofnu (AUT) postal mladinski evropski prvak v slalomu. Kasneje so poleg Križaja za mnoge uspehe zaslužni tudi številni drugi slovenski smučarji. Ti so v različnih obdobjih pripomogli k naši prepoznavnosti in so predvsem v času Jugoslavije predstavljali pomemben simbol narodne identifikacije. In this thesis, we analyzed results in the Slovenian alpine skiing between years 1974 and 2017. Based on the analysis of the results, from World Cup races, we defined periods of succes in both men's and women's alpine skiing. Over the past four decades, Slovenian skiing has received many successes, as well as periods of crises and poorer results. On the basis of the results achieved, the most important periods were defined, for both men and women alpine skiing. On the basis of factors of success in sport, we then highlighted those sets of performance factors that were the most typical for a certain period of time. The biggest successes in the Slovenian alpine skiing starts with Bojan Križaj. He, first warns of himself at the 1974 World Cup in St. Moritz, at the age of 17. A year later, in season 1974/75, Križaj became the young European slalom champion in Mayerhofen (AUT). Later, in addition to Križaj, many other skiers were also responsible for many successes. Those skiers were then responsible for our recognition and were, especially during Yugoslavia, an important symbol of national identification.