8 results on '"Salmi, Juha"'
Search Results
2. Working memory training restores aberrant brain activity in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Salmi, Juha, Soveri, Anna, Salmela, Viljami, Alho, Kimmo, Leppämäki, Sami, Tani, Pekka, Koski, Anniina, Jaeggi, Susanne, and Laine, Matti
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ADHD ,brain imaging ,cognitive training ,working memory ,Adult ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Cerebellum ,Cerebral Cortex ,Cognitive Remediation ,Default Mode Network ,Executive Function ,Humans ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Male ,Memory ,Short-Term ,Nerve Net ,Outcome Assessment ,Health Care ,Psychomotor Performance ,Young Adult - Abstract
The development of treatments for attention impairments is hampered by limited knowledge about the malleability of underlying neural functions. We conducted the first randomized controlled trial to determine the modulations of brain activity associated with working memory (WM) training in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). At baseline, we assessed the aberrant functional brain activity in the n-back WM task by comparing 44 adults with ADHD with 18 healthy controls using fMRI. Participants with ADHD were then randomized to train on an adaptive dual n-back task or an active control task. We tested whether WM training elicits redistribution of brain activity as observed in healthy controls, and whether it might further restore aberrant activity related to ADHD. As expected, activity in areas of the default-mode (DMN), salience (SN), sensory-motor (SMN), frontoparietal (FPN), and subcortical (SCN) networks was decreased in participants with ADHD at pretest as compared with healthy controls, especially when the cognitive load was high. WM training modulated widespread FPN and SN areas, restoring some of the aberrant activity. Training effects were mainly observed as decreased brain activity during the trained task and increased activity during the untrained task, suggesting different neural mechanisms for trained and transfer tasks.
- Published
- 2020
3. The Pursuit of Effective Working Memory Training: a Pre-registered Randomised Controlled Trial with a Novel Varied Training Protocol
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Ritakallio, Liisa, Fellman, Daniel, Jylkkä, Jussi, Waris, Otto, Lönnroth, Nelly, Nervander, Reidar, Salmi, Juha, and Laine, Matti
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- 2022
- Full Text
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4. The Pursuit of Effective Working Memory Training
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Ritakallio, Liisa, Fellman, Daniel, Jylkka, Jussi, Waris, Otto, Lonnroth, Nelly, Nervander, Reidar, Salmi, Juha, Laine, Matti, Aalto University, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, and Aalto-yliopisto
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Cognitive training ,AGE-DIFFERENCES ,Working memory ,TASK ,SHORT-TERM ,FAR-TRANSFER ,STRATEGY USE ,SPAN ,Memory training ,Structural learning ,Varied training ,Skill acquisition - Abstract
Working memory (WM) training, typically entailing repetitive practice with one or two tasks, has mostly yielded only limited task-specific transfer effects. We developed and tested a new WM training approach where the task paradigm, stimulus type, and predictability of the stimulus sequence were constantly altered during the 4-week training period. We expected that this varied training protocol would generate more extensive transfer by facilitating the use of more general strategies that could be applied to a range of WM tasks. Pre-post transfer effects following varied training (VT group, n = 60) were compared against traditional training (TT group, training a single adaptive WM task, n = 63), and active controls (AC, n = 65). As expected, TT evidenced strong task-specific near transfer as compared to AC. In turn, VT exhibited task-specific near transfer only on one of the measures, and only as compared to the TT group. Critically, no evidence for task-general near transfer or far transfer effects was observed. In sum, the present form of VT failed to demonstrate broader transfer. Nevertheless, as VT has met with success in other cognitive domains, future studies should probe if and how it would be possible to design WM training protocols that promote structural learning where common features of specific tasks would be identified and utilised when selecting strategies for novel memory tasks.
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- 2021
5. Disentangling the Role of Working Memory in Parkinson’s Disease
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Salmi, Juha, Ritakallio, Liisa, Fellman, Daniel, Ellfolk, Ulla, Rinne, Juha O., Laine, Matti, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku University Hospital, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
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depression ,Parkinson’s disease ,affective symptoms ,working memory ,Neuroscience ,Original Research ,cognitive impairment - Abstract
Working memory (WM) represents a core cognitive function with a major striatal contribution, and thus WM deficits, commonly observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD), could also relate to many other problems in PD patients. Our online study aimed to determine the subdomains of WM that are particularly affected in PD and to clarify the links between WM and everyday cognitive deficits, other executive functions, psychiatric and PD symptoms, as well as early cognitive impairment. Fifty-two mild-to-moderate PD patients and 54 healthy controls performed seven WM tasks tapping selective updating, continuous monitoring, or maintenance of currently active information. Self-ratings of everyday cognition, depression, and apathy symptoms, as well as screenings of global cognitive impairment, were also collected. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Of the three WM domains, only selective updating was directly predictive of PD group membership. More widespread WM deficits were observed only in relation to global cognitive impairment in PD patients. Self-rated everyday cognition or psychiatric symptoms were not linked to WM performance but correlated with each other. Our findings suggest that WM has a rather limited role in the clinical manifestation of PD. Nevertheless, due to its elementary link to striatal function, the updating component of WM could be a candidate for a cognitive marker of PD also in patients who are otherwise cognitively well-preserved.
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- 2020
6. Working memory training mostly engages general-purpose large-scale networks for learning
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Salmi, Juha, Nyberg, Lars, Laine, Matti, and Department of Psychology and Logopedics
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6162 Cognitive science ,Plasticity ,SHORT-TERM-MEMORY ,DIRECT-CURRENT STIMULATION ,education ,Working memory ,Brain imaging ,PREFRONTAL CORTEX ,HUMAN BRAIN ,EXECUTIVE-CONTROL ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES ,VENTRAL STREAMS ,Cognitive training ,Executive function ,TASK-PERFORMANCE ,FLUID INTELLIGENCE ,fMAI ,OLDER-ADULTS - Abstract
The present meta-analytic study examined brain activation changes following working memory (WM) training, a form of cognitive training that has attracted considerable interest. Comparisons with perceptual-motor (PM) learning revealed that WM training engages domain-general large-scale networks for learning encompassing the dorsal attention and salience networks, sensory areas, and striatum. Also the dynamics of the training-induced brain activation changes within these networks showed a high overlap between WM and PM training. The distinguishing feature for WM training was the consistent modulation of the dorso- and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC/VLPFC) activity. The strongest candidate for mediating transfer to similar untrained WM tasks was the frontostriatal system, showing higher striatal and VLPFC activations, and lower DLPFC activations after training. Modulation of transfer-related areas occurred mostly with longer training periods. Overall, our findings place WM training effects into a general perception-action cycle, where some modulations may depend on the specific cognitive demands of a training task.
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- 2018
7. Neural signatures for active maintenance and interference during working memory updating.
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Vilà-Balló, Adrià, Salmi, Juha, Soveri, Anna, Rodríguez-Fornells, Antoni, Lehtonen, Minna, and Laine, Matti
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SHORT-term memory , *YOUNG adult psychology , *STIMULUS & response (Psychology) , *COGNITIVE interference , *REACTION time - Abstract
Although working memory (WM) is amongst the most studied neurocognitive functions, temporal patterns of its component processes are not fully understood. We examined the neural underpinnings of active maintenance and interference management in the n-back task by manipulating load (1-back vs 3-back) and including so-called lure stimuli. ERPs of 27 young adults revealed that the 1-back condition enabling active maintenance showed a positive slow wave (PSW) prior to the next stimulus (−600–0 ms) and augmented P2 (190–290 ms) and P3b (330–430 ms) responses after the stimulus appeared, albeit the latter effects were driven by the initial PSW. Moreover, PSW amplitude correlated negatively with reaction time in the 1-back condition. Responses to lures showed interference, accompanied with different ERP effects for the two load levels. Our results support the view that PSW reflects efficient WM maintenance and suggest two distinct neuronal correlates for interference in WM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
- Full Text
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8. The role of strategy use in working memory training outcomes.
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Fellman, Daniel, Jylkkä, Jussi, Waris, Otto, Soveri, Anna, Ritakallio, Liisa, Haga, Sarah, Salmi, Juha, Nyman, Thomas J., and Laine, Matti
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ABILITY , *COGNITION , *PHILOSOPHY of education , *SHORT-term memory , *TRAINING , *TASK performance , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *EDUCATIONAL outcomes - Abstract
• Strategies generated during training predict training gains. • These self-generated strategies stabilize early on. • Externally given strategy elicits only fleeting training task gain. • Working memory training represents cognitive skill learning. Cognitive mechanisms underlying the limited transfer effects of working memory (WM) training remain poorly understood. We tested in detail the Strategy Mediation hypothesis, according to which WM training generates task-specific strategies that facilitate performance on the trained task and its untrained variants. This large-scale pre-registered randomized controlled trial (n = 258) used a 4-week adaptive WM training with a single digit n-back task. Strategy use was probed with open-ended strategy reports. We employed a Strategy training group (n = 73) receiving external strategy instruction, a Traditional training group (n = 118) practicing without strategy instruction, and Passive controls (n = 67). Both training groups showed emerging transfer to untrained n-back task variants already at intermediate test after 3 training sessions, extending to all untrained n-back task variants at posttest after 12 training sessions. The Strategy training group outperformed the Traditional training group only at the beginning of training, indicating short-lived strategy manipulation effects. Importantly, in the Traditional training group, strategy evolvement modulated the gains in the trained and untrained n-back tasks, supporting the Strategy Mediation hypothesis. Our results concur with the view of WM training as cognitive skill learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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