1. Axin cancer mutants form nanoaggregates to rewire the Wnt signaling network.
- Author
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Anvarian Z, Nojima H, van Kappel EC, Madl T, Spit M, Viertler M, Jordens I, Low TY, van Scherpenzeel RC, Kuper I, Richter K, Heck AJ, Boelens R, Vincent JP, Rüdiger SG, and Maurice MM
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Axin Protein analysis, Axin Protein ultrastructure, Cell Line, Drosophila chemistry, Drosophila genetics, Drosophila metabolism, Drosophila ultrastructure, Drosophila Proteins analysis, Drosophila Proteins genetics, Drosophila Proteins metabolism, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Mice, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Missense, Neoplasms metabolism, Neoplasms pathology, Protein Conformation, Protein Interaction Maps, Scattering, Small Angle, Sequence Alignment, X-Ray Diffraction, Axin Protein genetics, Axin Protein metabolism, Neoplasms genetics, Point Mutation, Protein Aggregates, Wnt Signaling Pathway
- Abstract
Signaling cascades depend on scaffold proteins that regulate the assembly of multiprotein complexes. Missense mutations in scaffold proteins are frequent in human cancer, but their relevance and mode of action are poorly understood. Here we show that cancer point mutations in the scaffold protein Axin derail Wnt signaling and promote tumor growth in vivo through a gain-of-function mechanism. The effect is conserved for both the human and Drosophila proteins. Mutated Axin forms nonamyloid nanometer-scale aggregates decorated with disordered tentacles, which 'rewire' the Axin interactome. Importantly, the tumor-suppressor activity of both the human and Drosophila Axin cancer mutants is rescued by preventing aggregation of a single nonconserved segment. Our findings establish a new paradigm for misregulation of signaling in cancer and show that targeting aggregation-prone stretches in mutated scaffolds holds attractive potential for cancer treatment.
- Published
- 2016
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