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This paper approaches the question of the production, trade and consumption of wine in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, particularly in the Portuguese region of Trás-os-Montes, in the south of the conventus Asturum (ancient province of Gallaecia). Despite the total absence of amphorae at the Roman site of Castro de Avelãs (Bragança) and its surrounding area, it is possible that this important product in Roman times, could have been consumed, produced and distributed using a different type of containers. Therefore, we propose the use a specific type of jars for the storage, transport and even production of wine. This hypothesis is reinforced by the gas chromatography / mass spectrometry analysis realized in three vessels, recovered at the archaeological site. The results displayed biomarkers compatible with wine. With these data, we open the discussion about the consumption and production of wine (and other products) in this territory of the Southwest of Gallaecia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research developed an analytical methodology for the analysis of total polyphenols in wines, using a flow injection analysis system (FIA) with amperometric detection, using an electrode modified with multilayer carbon nanotubes. For this purpose, the procedure for the elaboration of MWCNTs dispersions, using polyethylenimine as dispersing agent and its use for the modification of glassy carbon electrodes, was initially evaluated. The processing conditions were: 0.50 mg-mL-1 nanomaterial concentration, 0.25% (m/m) PEI, 2000 J of dispersion energy in PEI, centrifugation (2500 rpm; 20 min) and finally, redispersion in water applying 2000 J of energy. These electrodes show lower oxidation potentials, higher peak intensity and lower I/C ratios than the unmodified electrodes. Finally, this FIA methodology was developed incorporating the optimized electrode [GCE(PEI-Water/MWCNTs)], in order to detect and quantify total polyphenols, obtaining improvements in stability, reproducibility, greater sensitivity and possibility of selective detection of these compounds, in the analysis of white wines made with two types of grapes: Verdejo and Airén. This developed methodology could provide additional information from electrochemical indices, generating an alternative analysis to spectrophotometric studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper approaches the question of the production, trade and consumption of wine in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, particularly in the Portuguese region of Trás-os-Montes, in the south of the conventus Asturum (ancient province of Gallaecia). Despite the total absence of amphorae at the Roman site of Castro de Avelãs (Bragança) and its surrounding area, it is possible that this important product in Roman times, could have been consumed, produced and distributed using a different type of containers. Therefore, we propose the use a specific type of jars for the storage, transport and even production of wine. This hypothesis is reinforced by the gas chromatography / mass spectrometry analysis realized in three vessels, recovered at the archaeological site. The results displayed biomarkers compatible with wine. With these data, we open the discussion about the consumption and production of wine (and other products) in this territory of the Southwest of Gallaecia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wine-growing areas of the Douro river have achieved a great commercial projection under the protection of territorial brands that guarantee their quality in global markets. However, the evolution of consumer preferences and the limits and contradictions of the production models in the vineyard and in the winery, explain the emergence of new differentiation strategies. This article analyses the case of the PDO, where the specificity of its main variety -verdejo- and the investments made to modernise the sector, generated an unusual economic and demographic dynamism in a region where depopulation was widespread. An accelerated growth of vine plantations and wine production and the commercial blockade resulting from COVID-19 have acted as a catalyst in the activation of singularisation strategies. Using participatory methods, the paper explores these processes of change and the role that landscape -as an expression of territorial and viticultural diversity-can play in the marketing of singular wines from La Seca. This municipality, located in the heart of the PDO, stands out for its winemaking tradition and business dynamism, being the most densely wine-growing area in the region of Castilla y León (Spain). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Church in the World / Crkva u Svijetu is the property of University of Split, Catholic Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios de Traducción is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is intended to open a debate on two different issues: the landscape of Puerto de Menesteo in the time of Strabo and the possibility of the winery of Puerto de Menesteo in the current Sierra de San Cristóbal being walled. In the first case, the interpretation of Strabo’s text made by Pepa Castillo and Pilar Iguácel on the situation of the island cited in the passage which mentions the communication between Puerto de Menesteo and Asta is questioned. The second theme focuses on the design of the complex excavated in the Sierra de San Cristóbal as a wine production unit (winery), its parallelism with the Alt de Benimaquía (Denia, Alicante), and the possibility that it is walled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The territorial dimension of transactions between grape growers and wine producers in the Canary Islands' grape market is examined. This is a market fragmented into different wine-grape zones and institutionally organised through protected designations of origin (PDOs) which, except in the case of one that is regional in scope, restrict the spatial mobility of grapes. We use information from the harvest declarations submitted by grape growers, which indicate the location of the vineyard plots, and production declarations submitted by the wine producers, which indicate the grape grower who supplies grapes to their winery, as well as from harvest reports, which contain a record that facilitates the traceability of the grape's journey from the plot of origin to the winery of destination. The results obtained show that there are hardly any inter-island movements of grapes and that inter-zone transactions were selectively intensified between the wine-grape zones of the island of Tenerife following the creation of a regional PDO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the origin and evolution of the production and commercialization of wine in Arequipa, taking as a documentary basis the purchase and sale manuscripts and the municipal agreements to regulate its marketing and means of transport. From the interpretation of the purchase and sale clauses two stages are reconstructed: the wine brought from the Iberian Peninsula and the wine produced in the Arequipa valleys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on study of the local wine market of Jerez during the period of the foundations of its international expansion, the 15th century and the early 16th century. Topics include focuses on research whose main objective is the study of winegrowing landscapes and vine products in Western Andalusia in the Late Middle Ages.

The economic crisis has had an asymmetric effect on Spanish and regional/local economies. This study aims to analyze the strategies developed by cooperative wineries in Castilla-La Mancha (CLM) and their impact on performance measurements. The paper opted for an exploratory study based on a compilation of financial statements consisting of the traditional economic-financial profitability ratios (ROA, ROI, ROS) plus a specific analysis, Return of Owner Cooperative (ROC). We have also used two financial measurements: Liquidity and Leverage. Trade dynamism is the hallmark of wine cooperatives in CLM in terms of strategic action in the face of a crisis. Their resilience is patent in the conquest of foreign markets via low unit costs, which have been transferred to sales prices. The paper has implications for the understanding of the resilience of the agricultural cooperatives during the crisis period in question. The consistency of the results provides a context to promote the cooperative model as an essential factor in the social economy. This paper fulfils an identified need to show the cooperative model as a resilient one in the agricultural field and in the context of rural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present the Arabic edition and Spanish translation of the second and last maqāla of Kitāb fīl-sharāb, or Treatise on wine, by al-Rāzī. The treatise is organized into two sections: the first is a description of the benefits and harm caused by drinking wine, while the second presents the different types of wines. This second section is the subject of this paper. The manuscript used in this undertaking is manuscript number 5240 of the National Library of Spain, a miscellaneous volume containing eleven treatises of varying lengths, whose themes revolve around medicine, pharmacology and dietetics. In its entirety the treatise studied comprises over fourteen folios (fols. 73r-86v) while the part that concerns us here is between fols. 82r-86v. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia Contemporanea is the property of Historia Contemporania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivio di Etnografia is the property of Pagina Societa Cooperativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ars & Humanitas is the property of Ars & Humanitas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Filología Clásica: Estudios Griegos e Indoeuropeos is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of the most commonly used agents for tartaric stabilization of wine, such as metatartaric acid, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), mannoproteins and gum arabic, on the filterability of white, rose and red wines previously pre-filtered and prepared for the final filtration and bottling. Wine filterability after sweetening with rectified concentrated must was also assessed. The experiments were carried out using the Quality Filterability Test and the obtained results were expressed through the filterability index (F) and maximum filterable volume (Vmax). The results confirmed that the used enological agents for the inhibition of tartaric instabilities generally did not worsen the filterability of white and rose wines (FK20). However, it was evident that products containing mannoproteins and metatartaric acid considerably reduced red wine filterability (FI>500). The correlation between white and rose wine turbidity and filterability was recorded in the trials but the same trend was not registered for the red wine. The results of this study are important since membrane (fina) filtration of improperly prepared wine characterized by low filterability can both increase the costs and lead to holdup on the bottling line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ethnologie Française is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ethnologie Française is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mediterranea - Ricerche Storiche is the property of Mediterranea-Ricerche Storiche and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Marketing Science & Inspirations is the property of Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This text approaches the recovery of industrial environments from influence-centered perspective, which both the natural landscape and the productive activity have on the configuration of the contemporary identity image of intermediate cities. The case of Sanlúcar de Barrameda is studied in depth to support the hypothesis that the landscape and industrial background of a given territory are responsible for setting its future challenges and opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Spanish model of geographical food quality certifications shows signs of exhaustion. The recent changes question its function as a mechanism to protect territorial rents, forcing to analyze the practices of the actors in the value chain with new approaches. Focusing on the analysis of the Protected Designation of Origin "León", the objective of this work is to interrogate about the determinants of the generation of value in a post-industrial economy. The central importance of certain mediations between production and consumption, that systematize, connect, interpret and validate local knowledge was verified, which present a deficient behaviour that negatively affects the improvement of the quality and the value of the wines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of the time of maceration on phenolic composition of wine (white, rosé and red wine) produced from the indigenous variety Prokupac was studied in this paper. White wine was produced from free run, without maceration. In the production of rosé wine, cool-temperature extraction prior to fermentation in 2-hour period was used, while for the production of red wine, maceration was carried out at 15-20 °C for 2 weeks. With the increase of the time of maceration, the concentration of total phenolic compounds also increases, whereby, the lowest content was detected in white wine (565.4 mg/l GAE). The phenolic content in red wine was almost 2.5 times higher when the time of maceration was extended to 14 days (1433.8 mg/l GAE). A significant increase in total flavonoids content was detected: 153.4 mg/l CE (white wine), 179.3 mg/l CE (rosé wine), and 1205.0 mg/l CE (red wine). The total flavonoid share in total phenolic content of the wine increases with the increase of the time of maceration and its value is as follows: 27.1% (white wine), 34.3% (rosé wine) and 84.0% (red wine). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mediterranea - Ricerche Storiche is the property of Mediterranea-Ricerche Storiche and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Glasnik Zastite Bilja is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigación Lingüística is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article studies ways of spotting aspects of the transformation of water into wine in the first sign of Jesus Christ in the Gospel of John (2:1-11). Those aspects are deduced from the event of transformation as a primarily narrative event whose analysis takes into account the contribution of newer literary critique in the historical development of exegetical disciplines. The study also points out the methodological framework withinwhich the aforementioned aspects are identified through various sub-disciplines and the possibility of their effective ecclesiastical application is analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Glasnik Zastite Bilja is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The role played by synergies between wine culture, territorial identity and tourism may be crucial for rural development. This research focuses on the perception and experiences about this topic by the local actors in the territory of the Denomination of Origin Ribeira Sacra (NW Spain). The research relied on twelve in-depth interviews. The wine culture, along with its landscape and heritage, favors the consolidation of tourism strategies. The synergies between the world of wine, identity and tourism generate values that are essential for rural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of innovative techniques like high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and high power ultrasound (HPU) for food processing and preservation is one of the current topics in food science. In the enological field, these techniques have been identified as alternative methods for wine microbial stabilization and acceleration of wine aging process. Due to lack of available information about their influence on physicochemical characteristics, the aim of this work was to study the effect of HHP and HPU on sulfur dioxide and dissolved oxygen concentrations in red and white wines. The effect was evaluated immediately after the treatment and after 3, 6 and 12 months of aging in bottles. Moreover, the synergistic effect of mentioned techniques along with antioxidants additions (glutathione and SO2) was also evaluated. The results showed that the concentrations of free and total SO2 did not change immediately after HHP treatments, while after HPU processing there was no clear trend in analyzed parameters. As expected, results showed that both, free and total SO2 decreased during storage period of red and white wines. Regarding both applied techniques, slightly higher concentrations of free SO2 were observed in samples treated by HHP after 12 months of storage. Oxygen concentration slightly increased immediately after the treatments, with the highest concentration determined after HPU processing. During aging, its concentrations decreased and were similar or slightly higher than of those determined in untreated samples. Regarding the antioxidants additions, better protective effect was obtained by addition of higher concentration of SO2 than glutathione, since these samples were characterized by lower concentrations of dissolved oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of wine, along with its corresponding service: the sommelier, have a relatively short history in Mexico, however, is a subject that has been growing in recent years and, therefore, it is important to pay attention to the professionalism that has in it. This article treats the issue of the professional preparation given in Mexico to perform the sommelier's work, analyzing it by means of a documentary research in order to know the demands that are asked about the sommelier and that, at the same time, implicitly showed how valued the profession is, as well as the level of culture in the subject. Subsequently, an applied research was used through interviews directed to both, experienced sommeliers and people who have or have had a relationship with them, who intended to deepen the same objectives of the documentary research. This one has the intention to know how standardized and attached is the national sommelier profession to the training imparted at international level, in order to know if it can improve and in what form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents three Greek amphorae corresponding to different historical periods, which have among other common features, besides their origin, the fact that they bear three Greek inscriptions and have been found in archaeological sites located in the municipal area of El Puerto de Santa María, both in the present-day city and in the Castle of Doña Blanca. In the same way, the amphorae seem to have been used for the transport of wine, so some observations are made about the trade of Greek wine in the Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Argentine official method to determine the content of reducing sugars in musts and wines is the Causse Bonnans Fehling method. This method requires a sample treatment to obtain a decolorized and clear solution. Activated charcoal and lead acetate are used for this procedure. The effects of lead poisoning in humans, animals and the environment are known, so it is necessary to minimize their use to achieve sustainable production. Reducing sugars were analyzed in 149 wines and 67 grape musts. For each sample, two different treatments were used: a) 5 mL of lead acetate at 25% and 0.5 g of activated charcoal and b) adding 5 mL of distilled water and 0.5 g of activated carbon. The data were processed by performing simple linear regression analysis. Lead acetate can be eliminated in the pretreatment of must and wine samples to determine reducing sugars by Fehling Bonnans Causse method. This modification of the original technique eliminates the use of lead salts and pollution involved, without faults in the measurement of the reducing sugars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economics of Agriculture / Ekonomika Poljoprivrede is the property of Institute of Agricultural Economics (IAE) / Belgrade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wine has to be stabilized in respect of potassium bitartrate precipitations. One of the most used methods of stabilization is the precipitate formation as a result of cold with crystal seeding. This method implies an elevated cost. The stabilization by electrodialysis may be an alternative, which consists in removing the potassium cation, through a selective membrane and an electric field, so as to prevent the precipitation of potassium bitartrate. The purpose of this project was to determine if wines stabilized with respect to tartaric precipitations through cold stabilization by contact process are different from wines stabilized by electrodialysis, concerning their physics-chemical and organoleptic characteristics. Two industrial tests were carried out: one of them included 4 white wines and the other with 3 red wines. All wines were stabilized by cold stabilization by contact process (FMC in Spanish) and electrodialysis (ED). The tests were conducted using a randomized block statistical design. The white wines stabilized by ED have lower concentrations of Ca+2 and Mg+2 than those stabilized by FMC. The wines stabilized by FMC contain less K+ than the wines stabilized by ED. The red wines stabilized by FMC have lower concentrations of free SO². A panel of tasters found no difference between both treatments, neither in white wines nor in red wines. Therefore, it is possible to replace the tartaric stabilization by contact process (FMC) with ED. Although minimum changes are produced in the physics-chemical characteristics of wines, these changes are not detected by means of the organoleptic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El análisis desarrolla una fundamentación conceptual de la compra de vinos desde la conducta del consumidor para, luego, proceder a la segmentación del mercado consumidor en la Argentina. Para el enfoque conceptual se ha tomado como base la concepción lacaniana de pulsiones humanas: lo simbólico, lo imaginario y lo real, aplicado a la conducta del consumidor, en su dimensión imaginaria de valor, aplicado al producto-vino como símbolos construidos para otorgar valor y aplicado producto-vino, también, como un objeto/medio para vincular imagen y símbolo. De esa relación productiva entre objeto deseado y objeto satisfactor simbólico, surge una vinculación de valor cliente-producto que, para cada parte, adquiere un significado diferente. La segmentación de mercado del vino en la Argentina se realiza a través de la identificación de consumidores agrupados en dos dimensiones: el nivel socioeconómico y la edad de los compradores, identificándose cuatro segmentos: expertos, aspiracionales, tradicionales y principiantes. Finalmente, los segmentos de referencia son desagregados en otros tantos sobre los cuales se recomiendan distintas acciones asociadas a las oportunidades de negocios y a la estrategia competitiva a aplicarThis analysis provides a conceptual fundamentation of wine purchase from the consumer behavior and a potential Argentine wine market segmentation. The theoretical frame is from the lacanian conception of human pulsions: the symbolic thing, the imaginary and the real thing; all applied to consumer behavior, in its imaginary dimension of value, applied to the product wine and as a medium object to link imaginary thing and symbolic thing. From this productive relationship between wished object and symbolic satisfactor object an entailment of value arising client-product that, for each part, it acquires a different meaning. The wine market segmentation in Argentina is made through the identification of grouped consumers in two dimensions: socioeconomic level and the age of the buyers, identifying four segments: experts, aspiracionals, traditional and beginners. Finally, these segments are disaggregates in others and it is recommended different strategies associated to different business opportunities

The purpose of this work was to develop a sustainable technology to produce economical white wine, industrial scale, not viniferous grapes grown in Misiones. This technological project started at laboratory scale, it continued in a pilot plant and planned to an industrial scale. It was considered as productive unit 12 rural families with 27 hectares of vines each. The 8 stages followed with inductive and deductive methodology were: the development of dry white wine at laboratory scale, the evaluation of the variables of the process in the vilification, the Mathematical modeling of alcoholic fermentation in winemaking conditions, the assessment of the fitness of wines for human consumption, the establishment of a technological process for winemaking in a pilot plant, the evaluation in pilot plant of the technological process established, the calculation and selection of industrial equipment and finally, the costs estimation and profitability of the industrial technological process. A technology for a production capacity of 5,834 L day-1, with dynamic economic indicators was reached whose values were 6,602,666 net present value of U$D, an internal rate of return of 60 % for a period of payback a value net of three years to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economics of Agriculture / Ekonomika Poljoprivrede is the property of Institute of Agricultural Economics (IAE) / Belgrade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)