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Whether pet owners experience higher psychological wellbeing compared with non-pet owners remains contested. Going beyond a comparison of pet vs. non-pet owners, the current study investigated the nature of the psychological link that operates between humans and pets and tested which specific psychological factors, experienced specifically in the human–pet relationship, predict pet owners' psychological wellbeing. The following factors were put to the test: Unconditional support and acceptance, mindfulness, and social connections with fellow humans. Data from a diverse sample of Canadian pet owners (n = 1,220) were analyzed. Mindfulness felt in the presence of one's pet predicted more positive wellbeing on each wellbeing outcome. Perceiving that one's pet encourages social connections with fellow humans and accepts us unconditionally also predicted more positive wellbeing on some of the wellbeing outcomes. In contrast, feeling authentic in one's relationship with a pet predicted lower wellbeing, while perceiving that pets are less accepting of one's negative emotions predicted higher wellbeing. Most of these associations held when accounting for the impact of these psychological factors when they are experienced in the context of human–human relations. These findings confirm the importance of investigating the nature of our psychological links to other animals, namely pets; they also provide nuances regarding the specific benefits associated with pet ownership and how the presence of pets can be beneficial to human wellness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiculturals encounter normative cultural conflicts (intrapersonal conflicts between their cultures' norms). Yet, no research has examined how these conflicts are managed, nor their antecedents and repercussions. This article examined how these conflicts are managed using two sets of conflict management strategies (active and agreeable) and tested whether they mediate the associations between identity configurations and well‐being. Also, as the benefits of having integrated selves typically increase in later life stages, this article examined whether the associations between identity configurations and well‐being differ between earlier (pre‐university) and later academic stages (university). In Study 1 (N = 235), active strategies mediated the link between identity integration and well‐being, whereas agreeable strategies mediated the link between compartmentalization and ill‐being. In Study 2 (N = 241), these results were replicated. Study 2 further showed that the association between identity integration and well‐being was stronger among university than pre‐university students. Implications of these results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two two‐wave studies were used to examine the proposition that identity centrality enhances the effectiveness of stressor acceptance in the face of group‐based stressors. Study 1 was conducted in newly commencing psychology students (N = 154). Stressor intensity, psychology student identity centrality, and attempted stressor acceptance were measured at two‐time points over 6‐weeks. Study 2 was conducted in a group of early to late career veterinarians (N = 92) and extended Study 1 by assessing stressor frequency as an indicator of the level of demand. Veterinarian identity centrality and stressor acceptance were measured twice over 12‐months. Both studies provided support for the predicted three‐way interaction. Only when Time 1 stressors and identity centrality were both high was stressor acceptance related to a reduction in perceived stressor intensity (Study 1) or burnout symptoms (Study 2) at Time 2. These findings suggest that identity centrality enhances the effectiveness of stressor acceptance for supporting wellbeing and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research integrates self-determination theory and the social identity approach to investigate the notion of collective (group level) self-determination, and to test how the agent of intergroup help (helping initiated by a group representative versus group members) shapes group members' motives and support for intergroup helping. Study 1 ( N = 432) demonstrates that collective self-determination predicts support for intergroup helping, group pride, and well-being, over and above individual-level self-determined motivation. Study 2 ( N = 216) confirmed that helping by group members was seen as more collectively self-determined than helping by a group representative, producing effects on pride, well-being, and support. Study 3 ( N = 124) explores a qualifier of these effects: People who identify more strongly with the leader who is providing the help also experience representative helping as more collectively self-determined, thereby promoting well-being, group pride, and support. Findings highlight the value of integrating self-determination theory with intergroup theories to consider collective aspects of self-determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The research investigating how one's multiple cultural identities are configured within the self has yet to account for existing cultural identity configurations aside from integration, and for identifying with more than 2 cultural groups at once. The current research addresses these issues by constructing the Multicultural Identity Integration Scale (MULTIIS) to examine 3 different multicultural identity configurations, and their relationship to well-being based on Amiot and colleagues' (2007) cognitive-developmental model of social identity integration (CDSMII).Method: Diverse samples of multicultural individuals completed the MULTIIS along with identity and well-being measures. (Study 1A: N = 407; 1B: N = 310; 2A = 338 and 2A = 254) RESULTS: Reliability and confirmatory factorial analyses (Studies 1A and 2A) all supported the factorial structure of the MULTIIS. Regression analyses (Studies 1B and 2B) confirmed that the integration subscale of the MULTIIS positively predicted well-being, whereas compartmentalization negatively predicted well-being. Categorization was inconsistently related to well-being.Conclusions: These findings support the CDSMII and the usefulness of the MULTIIS measure, and suggest that each identity configuration is uniquely related to well-being outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social identity is considered a key social psychological variable to understand inter-group behaviors. Given that social identity has been associated with divergent outcomes (e.g., individual well-being, helping behaviors, ingroup bias), we investigated which dimensions of social identification yield these divergent consequences. To this aim, the present study applied self-determination theory to capture how group mem- bers' motivation for identifying with their ingroup may predict these different inter-group and individual outcomes. The research also tested the interplay between these motivations to identify and participants' chronic levels of social identification. Motivation to identify was experimentally manipulated using a priming methodology to activate the implicit motives underlying identification with groups. Quebecois under-graduate students took part in the study (N = 113). As expected, results from moderated multiple regression analyses revealed that identification with Québec was significantly related to more ingroup bias among participants who were primed with a non-self-determined motivation to identify. Well-being was significantly predicted by degree of identification but not by primed motivation. Results are interpreted in light of social identity theory and self-determination theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: This article tested whether hockey fans'' selfdetermined and non self-determined motivation for engaging in derogatory behaviors against an outgroup team predicted the frequency of these behaviors, fans'' psychological well-being, and the quality of their social identity as a fan of their team. The two psychological theories we employ in the current research (i.e., self-determination theory and social identity theory) have different assumptions concerning the motivation behind derogatory fan behavior. Design: Three correlational studies were conducted among hockey fans. Methods: Fans of rival hockey fans (Study 1; N = 45), fans of the Montreal Canadiens (Study 2; N = 181), and fans of NHL teams (Study 3; N = 105) completed measures of selfdetermination to engage in derogatory behaviors, frequency of these behaviors, psychological well-being, and quality of social identity. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to test if the frequency, well-being, and quality of social identity variables were predicted by the self-determined and non self-determined motivations to engage in derogatory behaviors. Results: As expected based on self-determination theory (SDT), the more hockey fans engage in derogatory behaviors for non self-determined reasons, the lower their well-being and the less frequently they report engaging in the derogatory behaviors. Moreover, as expected based on social identity theory (SIT), the more hockey fans engage in the derogatory behaviors for self-determined reasons, the higher their well-being, the frequency of these behaviors, and the more positive their social identity. Conclusions: Theses results are interpreted in light of SDT and SIT''s theoretical propositions. Comparisons are made with prior studies conducted on this topic. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectives Research on passion has demonstrated the existence of two roads toward sports performance through the effects of deliberate practice (Vallerand et al., 2007, 2008). The first emanates from harmonious passion (HP) and contributes to both performance and psychological well-being. The second stems from obsessive passion (OP), and performance comes at the cost of well-being. The present research proposes that need satisfaction (Deci & Ryan, 2000) mediates the relation of HP, but not OP, with both outcomes. In Study 2, achievement goals were added to the model. Mastery goals were expected to mediate the positive relation between HP and outcomes, whereas performance-avoidance goals would be associated with OP and, thus be detrimental to athletes. Design Two studies using correlational (Study 1) and longitudinal (Study 2) designs. Method Study 1 ( N = 172) was conducted with soccer players. Study 2 was conducted with hockey players ( N = 598). Athletes completed measures of passion, need satisfaction, life satisfaction, deliberate practice, and achievement goals (Study 2 only). Coaches assessed performance in Study 1. Study 2 used games played in competitive leagues over 15 years to measure performance. Results Analyses using SEM provided support for the mediating role of need satisfaction (Study 1 and 2) and achievement goals (Study 2) in the relation of HP with outcomes. In contrast, deliberate practice (Study 1 and 2) meditated the relation between OP and performance. Conclusions This research supported the mediating role of need satisfaction in the ‘two roads to performance” (Vallerand et al., 2007, 2008). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A narrative systematic review was conducted to review studies that examine mental health implications of involvement in assisted-death services among health practitioners. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included to understand health practitioners’ attitudes and experiences with assisted dying services, as well as to identify the mental health consequences. We identified 18 articles from 1591 articles drawn from seven major scientific databases (i.e., PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus). Two raters independently evaluated the exclusion and inclusion decisions of the articles and examined methodological flaws in the selected articles. We found that engagement in assisted death services were not reliably associated with mental health outcomes such as anxiety and moral distress. Both positive and negative outcomes were reported, and psychological outcomes for practitioners were shown to vary based on factors including social support for health practitioners’ views; their perceived capacity to care for the patients; and legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]