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This study aimed to determine the effects of DL-malic acid supplementation in beef cattle rations containing high concentrated feed and dry forage (alfalfa hay and wheat straw) on fattening performance, carcass traits and rumen parameters. In present study, 47 male beef cattle (19 Simmental, 28 Limousine) at the age of 14-16 months were used. Cattle breeds were divided into two groups (0 and 30 g/day of DL-malic acid). In the present study, the differences in live weights, daily live weight gains and carcass weights of the control and DL-malic acid groups were found to be significant in Simmental breed (P<0.05), but insignificant in Limousine breed. The beef cattle body measurements (withers height, chest girth, rump height, body length) did not change with malic acid supplementation (P>0.05).The malic acid addition increased the molarities of acetic, butyric, propionic and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and acetic acid/ propionic acid ratio in the rumen fluid (P<0.05).The addition of malic acid had no significant effect on the number of ciliated protozoa (Entodinium, Diplodinium, Isotricha and Dasytricha) and total bacteria count in the rumen fluid (P>0.05). As a result, DL-malic acid supplementation to beef cattle ration varied with cattle breeds in terms of fattening performance, while such supplementations had positive effect on fattening in Simmental breed. Besides, the increase in TVFA and acetic, propionic and butyric acids, which are indicators of fiber and carbohydrate fermentation efficiency in the rumen, shows that malic acid has a positive effect on feed digestion in the rumen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The effects of diets containing different levels of cottonseed meal (CSM) and 0, 0.1 % enzyme mixture on the fattening performance of quails and cost analysis were revealed. Total of 450 1-day-old male and female Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica) was used. The quails were divided in to a total of 18 pens (25 quails/breeding cages) with 6 treatment groups and 3 replications of each group. The groups were given the diets containing 0, 10, 20% CSM and 0, 0.1% enzyme mixture. The trial was continued for 35 days. The live weight (LW), live weight gain (LWG), feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR) values of quails were evaluated. While no effect of CSM levels on LW of quails was observed, the positive effect of enzyme mixture additive on 21st day LW was found to be significant (P<0.05). The effect of CSM levels or enzyme mixture on LWG, FC and FCR of quails was not statistically significant. When the economic cost analysis of treatments of different levels CSM and enzyme application at diets was made. When marketed as a unit, the highest profit was seen in the diet group without CSM and enzyme mixture; while the highest profit was obtained in the diet group containing 0% CSM with enzyme mixture when marketed on the basis of carcass weight. It has been concluded that the use of 10% CSM in quail diets is the most appropriate level and the fattening performance is positively affected by the addition of enzyme mixture. But, according to the carcass unit price; the highest profit was observed in the group diet without CSM and enzyme mixture, the lowest profit was observed in the group diet with 10% CSM and enzyme mixture. It can be said that it can be an alternative protein source in quail diets in periods when CSM prices are low or soybean meal prices are high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kocatepe Veterinary Journal / Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the effects of rumen-protected fat (RPF) were evaluated as an energy source for partial replacement of grain feed in the diets of Merino male lambs during the hot season. Fourteen six months old Merino male lambs weighing average of 29.59 kg were randomly allocated into two groups: control diet (CON) and diets supplemented with 30 g/kg RPF. Live weight (LW), dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) were recorded, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was then calculated. The ruminal pH, the ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentrations (NH3-N) value, the molar proportion of volatile fatty acid (VFA), blood serum as well as hematological parameters were determined and protozoa numbers were counted. While the live weight and daily gain of the lambs were not influenced by dietary treatments, DMI was increased with RPF supplementation. The ruminal pH, VFA and ruminal NH3-N concentrations were unchanged, but the protozoa numbers decreased significantly by RPF supplementation (P<0.05). RPF supplementation significantly affected some serum and hematological parameters in comparison to the control group. In conclusion, RPF may be added to concentrate mixture lamb feed at the level of 30 g/kg to enhance the diet energy density without negatively changing the animal's performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the effects of betaine, added to broiler rations at different levels, on fattening performance, carcass, some internal organs weights, and serum parameters. 192 mixed-sex one-day-old broiler chicks were used during the experiment. The experiment was conducted with four groups in total, including one control and three experimental groups. All the groups were divided into four sub-groups, each consisting of 12 chicks, and the total number of chicks in each group was determined to be 48. No additives were added to the feeds of the control group throughout the research. 0.3 g/kg (Bet-0.3), 0.5 g/kg (Bet-0.5) and 0.8 g/kg (Bet-0.8) betaine (Betamar®) were added to the rations of the experimental groups, respectively. Rations were prepared as isocaloric and isonitrogenic. The animals were given feed and water ad-libitum. In the study, The rations containing crude protein (CP) of 23% and3000 kcal/kg metabolic energy (ME)until the day 1-21 and CP of 20% and3224 kcal/kg ME until the day 22-42 days were given in the treatment groups. At the end of the study, statistically significant differences were observed in the experimental groups in terms of body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) when compared with the control group. The highest BW and the highest BWG were observed in the Bet-0.8 experimental group. No statistically significant difference was found in terms of feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, carcass characteristics, weights of some internal organs, and serum blood parameters (P>0.05). It was concluded that adding 0.8 g/kg betaine to broiler rations increase fattening performance and can be used safely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of live yeast culture and the live yeast culture enriched with vitamin-mineral supplementation as a feed additive on fattening performance, some blood and rumen fluid parameters in male kids. Totally 18 male Saanen goat kids (average 8 weeks old) were divided into one control and two treatment groups each containing 6 kids. Rations were prepared as isonitrojenic and isocaloric. Live yeast culture (LYC) and the yeast-vitamin-mineral complex (YVM) (RumiSacc® and Intetotal® respectively, Integra food Industry and Trade Co., Istanbul, Turkey, Live yeast cell 344 × 1010 cfu/g,) were incorporated into concentrates at the level of 0% (C), 1% (YC) and 1% (YVM) on as-fed basis. During the study concentrate feed and fresh water were given ad libitum and the ration did not contain any roughages. Dietary yeast culture at the level of 1 % increased final live weight (4.7% regarding control group) as numerically but not significantly. The fattening performance, rumen fluid and blood parameters were not statistically affected from the dietary treatments throughout the study. While the dorsal papillae length was not changed, ventral papillae length was decreased in the treatment groups. The length of papillae in YVM groups were similar to that of control groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine effect of different fattening systems on fattening performance and body measurements of Hemsin male lambs. The materials of the study were consisted 39 male lambs weaned at 3 months of age (approximately live weight of 23 kg). In this study, Hemsin lambs were used in three group of extensive (n=13), semi-intensive (n=13) and intensive (n=13). The experiment was conducted for 90 days. Final live weights of groups of extensive, semi-intensive and intensive were 33.32, 41.16 and 42.09 kg, respectively, and for daily live weight gain (DLWG) were 121.11, 201.89 and 213.00 g, respectively. For semi-intensive and intensive of group, feed conversion ratios were 3.44 and 5.35 kg, respectively. As a result, intensive and semi-intensive groups of fattening performance were higher than that of extensive group. The differences among intensive and semi-intensive groups of fattening performance were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The results of this study suggest that semi-intensive group might be appropriate for fattening male Hemsin lambs. Hemsin lambs had a generally similar or lower fattening performance compared to local sheep breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of width and depth of bell drinker and sex on fattening performance and carcass characteristics of Pekin ducks. A total of sixty male and sixty female ducklings (Star 53 H.Y., Grimaud Freres) were used. Each sex group was randomly allocated into two bell drinker groups (narrow bell drinker with 47 mm water depth and 48 mm water width and wide bell drinker with 78 mm water depth and 90 mm water width) each of 30 ducklings. Groups were located in floor pens of 170 x 94 cm width x length, each of 6 chicks, in a naturally ventilated house. Sex affected the hatching weight (P<0.01), total body weight gain (P<0.001), feed intake (d 22 to 42 and d 1 to 42, P<0.05), feed conversion ratio (d 1 to 21, P<0.05), slaughter weight (P<0.001) and percentages of hot carcass (P<0.05). Wide bell drinker increased the body weight gain (d 22 to 42 and d 1 to 42, P<0.001), feed efficiency (d 22 to 42 and d 1 to 42, P<0.01), slaughter weight (P<0.001) and percentages of breast and wings (P<0.01), however decreased the percentages of skin subcutaneous fat (P<0.01). More width and depth bell drinker was positively contributed to the fattening performance in rearing of Pekin ducks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the effect of different initial live weighs on fattening performance of Anatolian Merino male lambs. For this aim, three groups whose initial live weights were 25, 30 and 35 kg were formed and approximately three months aged seven lambs were contained in each group. Body measurements were determined weekly for a fattening period lasted 63 days. In the end of the study, mean total live weight gains of the groups were 19.29, 19.43 and 20.43kg, daily live weight gains were 306, 308 and 324g, daily concentrate feed intake were 1.464, 1.620 and 1.663 kg and feed conversion ratios were 4.78, 5.25 and 5.13 respectively, The differences among groups in terms of daily live weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not statistically significant, but the differences for daily feed intake were significant (P< 0.05). As a result, initial live weight differences among groups maintained for the whole fattening period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]