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The National Archives of Australia holds the papers of many of Australia's Prime Ministers, including Bruce, Lyons, Curtin, Chifley, Holt, Whitlam, Fraser, Hawke, Keating and Howard. From 2000 it undertook a four-year Prime Ministers' Papers Project to locate the records of all 25 men who have held the position of Prime Minister of Australia. The Australia's Prime Ministers portal website was launched in 2002 and the Archives is also producing a series of guides to the archives of Prime Ministers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses and profiles public ancillary funds (PubAFs), charitable trusts that act as intermediaries between public donors and approved nonprofit beneficiary organisations. PubAFs are an important part of Australia's philanthropic landscape given their public benefit purpose, yet little is known about this sector's characteristics and identities. This paper examines PubAFs, analysing online databases and reports and PubAF websites (where available). Based on the analysis of data from three sources: the Australian Charities and Not‐for‐profits Commission, Australian Taxation Office, and websites of 991 PubAFs (where available), this study provides valuable insights for the public, philanthropic practitioners, and researchers. Findings systematically map the field to develop an extended taxonomy, as a basis for promoting understanding and legitimacy beyond PubAFs' moral intentions, providing valuable insights into an opaque group of organisations at a time when the philanthropic sector's transparency is limited and legitimacy is being questioned. This paper systematically maps the field of Public Ancillary Funds (PubAFs) to develop an extended taxonomy, as a basis for promoting understanding and legitimacy beyond PubAFs' moral intentions. It provides valuable insights into an opaque group of organisations at a time when the philanthropic sector's transparency is limited and legitimacy is being questioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – Graduate attributes are about to be policed by the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA) in Australia. All universities proclaim them on their public web sites. The aim of this paper is to determine whether distinct patterns or clusters are apparent in the declared graduate attributes declared by Australian universities on their web sites. Design/methodology/approach – Work by scholars in the field of graduate attribute building is discussed, with particular reference to the tension between disciplinarity and attribute building and the relative failure of techniques so far espoused to demonstrate student attainment of graduate attributes. Some promising approaches to the serious problems of building and demonstrating graduate attributes are captured, and some recommendations for addressing the urgent and serious issues confronting the sector are put forward. Findings – Graduate attributes of each university are publicly available and these can be related to discussions of employer satisfaction and university value systems. An inspection of the top five attributes for each cluster of universities reveals significant cross cluster variation. Research limitations/implications – Content analysis of web sites is a crude instrument for gauging the real importance universities attach to their graduate attributes, even at the level of their discourse. Further research is needed on the isomorphism and decoupling going on with graduate attributes and employer expectations of universities. Social implications – There are grounds for hope that universities have not completely forgotten their role in society in favour of their competitive market gameplays. Originality/value – This is the first paper to display graduate attributes as ranked by clusters of Australian universities and by the whole sector; it is the first paper to link the accreditation risk from TEQSA with the relative vacuity of GA embedding processes to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the findings of a quantitative study of 1,698 public library websites in Australia, Canada, and the United States over a period of three years using a spreadsheet protocol. The purpose of the research was to evaluate public library websites, available online sources, and whether library staff were available to respond to users' questions and concerns regarding the website. Descriptive statistics are used to report the results. The study provides public library website information regarding which protocol criteria each country's libraries attained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose As libraries are required to become more accountable and demonstrate that they are meeting performance metrics, an assessment website can be a means for providing data for evidence-based decision making and an important indicator of how a library interacts with its constituents. The purpose of this paper is to share the results of a review of websites of academic libraries from four countries, including the UK, Canada, Australia and the USA.Design/methodology/approach The academic library websites included in the sample were selected from the Canadian Association of Research Libraries, Research Libraries of the United Kingdom, Council of Australian University Libraries, Historically Black College & Universities Library Alliance, Association of Research Libraries and American Indian Higher Education Consortium. The websites were evaluated according to the absence or presence of nine predetermined characteristics related to assessment.Findings It was discovered that “one size does not fit all” and found several innovative ways institutions are listening to their constituents and making improvements to help users succeed in their academic studies, research and creative endeavors.Research limitations/implications Only a sample of academic libraries from each of the four countries were analyzed. Additionally, some of the academic libraries were using password protected intranets unavailable for public access. The influences of institutional history and country-specific practices also became compelling factors during the analysis.Originality/value This paper seeks to broaden the factors for what is thought of as academic library assessment with the addition of qualitative and contextual considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective Knowledge Management (KM) has been known to offer identifiable benefits to organisations, though improved efficiencies and competitive advantage. As part of a project examining the phases of KM as they apply to information technology projects, Urwin and Burgess (2009) proposed a conceptual model that documented the stages of knowledge management from conversion of tacit to explicit knowledge, storage of this knowledge, its subsequent retrieval and absorption by recipients and their eventual application of the knowledge in (practical) action. Preliminary results from a study of project managers suggested that knowledge management often 'fell at the first hurdle' through ineffective storage and subsequent ability to access especially complex knowledge. This paper examines concepts related to knowledge management and how they can be applied to community based organisations (CBOs), specifically in relation to how they set up and maintain their websites. This occurs by applying the KM conceptual model to all phases of the use of websites by small Community Based Organisations (CBOs), which are non profit, non government organisations that serve local community needs. As with many similar sized organisations, many small CBOs are restricted by a lack of resources and relevant expertise when setting up their websites. Interviews with small CBOs in Australia, New Zealand and the UK suggested that even the most basic knowledge related to website operations is being lost in the organisations and that the cause of this is the failure of the CBOs to store the knowledge effectively. The paper also examines the reasons for these losses and the strategies adopted by the CBOs to overcome these problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role of consumers as co-producers of community banks in Australia. Through narrative analysis of the “histories” on the community bank websites, the paper highlights the interconnectedness of consumption and production processes. The paper shows how as co-managers in the production and delivery of the banking service, the consumers create value for the bank as well as for their local communities. Further, the paper shows how as co-creators of the bank “histories,” they produce an “ethical surplus” (Arvidsson 2005) that has value beyond simple use or exchange value; it has “staging value” (Bohme 2003). Through the “histories” the consumers stage themselves as civic-minded individuals helping to bring continuity to their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop a definition of the discipline of Remote Health. Design: A broad literature search using key words and an Internet search of industry-recognised web sites were carried out. Results: Fifty-five relevant citations and nine web sites were reviewed, covering Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and United States. The papers offered a variety of definitions of geographical and practice-based approaches to `remoteness', and definitions of `remote and rural health'. Conclusions: None of the single current definitions in the literature adequately reflect all of the characteristics of Remote Health in Australia. A definition is offered: Remote Health is an emerging discipline with distinct sociological, historical and practice characteristics. Its practice in Australia is characterised by geographical, professional and, often, social isolation of practitioners; a strong multidisciplinary approach; overlapping and changing roles of team members; a relatively high degree of GP substitution; and practitioners requiring public health, emergency and extended clinical skills. These skills and remote health systems, need to be suited to working in a cross-cultural context; serving small, dispersed and often highly mobile populations; serving populations with relatively high health needs; and a physical environment of climatic extremes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the diversity of research strength for Australian universities in the broad discipline areas of economics, econometrics, finance and accounting which are listed on the Econbase Web site. Limitations in using Econbase downloads to construct ranking lists for Australian universities; Total number of journals listed on the Econbase Web site; Comparative rankings of Australian universities in economics, econometrics, finance and accounting.

This study presents the findings from a large survey of people living in Australia (n=9,987) who had used mobile dating apps and/or dating websites in the previous five years. Across the entire sample, 12.4 percent of respondents reported receiving requests to facilitate the sexual exploitation of their own children or children they had access to. Requests included asking for sexual information about children or for sexual images or videos of children, asking to meet children in person or asking for children to perform sex acts over webcam. The paper highlights the need for additional safety features to be embedded in mobile dating apps and dating websites to protect vulnerable users and to prevent the sexual exploitation of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A contribution to the growth in data use is the need to access a wide range of services on the internet. In this paper, I examine the implications for people experiencing homelessness of data use necessitated by large-scale digitisation of government services and other everyday interactions. The findings from a published study are reviewed and used in conjunction with reports, websites, and inclusion policy literature to support a discussion of the impacts of whole-of-government digital transformation agendas in Australia and internationally. I argue online services drive demand for smartphones and push up data consumption, creating new burdens of cost and connectivity for people who are homeless, who rely heavily on the mobile for online access. I argue for a systematic approach to address access and affordability barriers in a data-driven society, including updating universal service measures, expanding low-income subsidies to include home broadband and mobile data and voice, and connecting inclusion efforts with other equity and justice approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers updates on the Australia and New Zealand Communication Association (ANZCA). A panel session on Communications Research in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand will be hosted by ANZCA. ANZCA has just completed and introduced its website which is accessible at www.anzca.net. The president of ANZCA will be attending the symposium "The State of the Art of the Communication Discipline in the (non-US) World.

Language is an important way of presenting an identity, either individual or group. This paper explores the language used in the presentation of the identity of academic development. The study is based on an analysis of websites from academic development centres in the UK and Australia and outlines the public ways in which academic developers present their work and the meanings that are attached to this presentation. It uses frame theory to analyse the language of academic development websites in order to explore some of the assumptions underpinning the public face of academic development. It explores the ways in which language is used to frame and persuade in order to establish the credibility of academic development as an expert and scholarly field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that Flickr, a popular 'photosharing' website, is facilitating new public engagements with world heritage sites like the Sydney Opera House. Australian heritage institutions (namely libraries and museums) have recently begun to employ Flickr as a site through which to engage communities with their photographic archives and collections. Yet Flickr is more than an 'online photo album': it is a social and cultural network generated around personal photographic practices. Members can form 'groups': self-organised communities defined by shared interests in places, photographic genres, or the appraisal of photographs. These groups are public spaces for both visual and textual conversations - complex social negotiations involving personal expression and collective identity. For one group, the common interest is the Sydney Opera House, and their shared visual and textual expressions - representations of this building. This paper argues that such socio-visual practices themselves constitute an intangible heritage. By drawing on the work of scholars Jose Van Dijck and Nancy Van House, Dawson Munjeri and Michael Warner, the paper proposes that this enactment of intangible heritage is implicated in the broader cultural value of the Sydney Opera House. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we approach electronic commerce Customer Relationship Management (e-CRM) from the perspective of five research areas. Our purpose is to define a conceptual framework to examine the relationships among and between these five research areas within e-CRM and to propose how they might be integrated to further research this area. We begin with a discussion of each of the research areas through brief reviews of relevant literature for each and a discussion of the theoretical and strategic implications associated with some CRM technologies and research areas. Next we present our framework, which focuses on e-CRM from the five research perspectives. We then present a theoretical framework for e-CRM in terms of the five research areas and how they affect one another, as well as e-CRM processes and both performance and non-performance outcomes.

This paper discusses a study that aimed to develop a theoretical framework on adolescents' risk-taking behaviours while using the internet. Families play an important role in adolescents' upbringing. Therefore, the study's theoretical formulation focused on families' role in adolescents' risk-taking behaviours during internet use. An anonymous survey was conducted that resulted in 501 valid responses. Adolescents' risk-taking behaviours were classified into three categories, namely Dangerous interactions with people; Accessing dangerous websites and Other Risk-taking behaviours. The results revealed that respondents engaged in many risktaking behaviours. Information was also collected related to the role played by parents/carers. Results revealed that families who had engaged in conversation with their teenage members regarding safe internet use managed to minimise the risks teenagers took while using the internet. Using the social learning theory and social control theory, the study argues that families need to include safe internet use as a socialisation process in a similar way to other socialisation processes such as the guidance and constant checks and balances used to help teenagers take up challenges in the real world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through interviews with users and providers of anti-ageing medicine in Australia as well as the analysis of various internet sites, anti-ageing clinics, journals and magazines dealing with anti-ageing medicine, this paper will argue that the anti-ageing industry in Australia is an example of how ‘mediascapes’ operate, seeking in this case to replicate the American model while developing a more localized practice meeting local needs, cultural orientations and regulatory frameworks. The products being studied here include some which have been on the market for many years in the Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) industry, but have only recently been rebranded as ‘anti-ageing’. These include vitamins, anti-oxidants, supplements such as beta-carotene, selenium and coenzyme Q10, homeopathic products, exercise and diet programs. Other products that have been recently labelled as ‘anti-ageing’ and are included in this study are hormone therapies, testosterone, melatonin, Human Growth Hormone (HGH), and Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). These products have been previously trialled and used in the treatment of medical problems such as heart disease, sexual dysfunction, cognitive and memory loss problems, and hormonal deficiency. Current medical research on stem cells, particularly embryonic stem cells, has also fallen within the realm of anti-ageing treatments developed from this research area and available primarily in countries with limited regulation and control over the use and availability of embryonic stem cells in the context of the private anti-ageing clinic. The differences and similarities between the practice of anti-ageing medicine in Australia and in America highlight current tensions and correspondences in the manner in which ageing is being constructed, managed and experienced. They are indicative of the impact that social policy directions, regulatory frameworks and economic policies have on the way in which ageing individuals and society at large approach the experience of old age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study regarding the sustainable approach of Griffith University (GU) in Australia to electronic (e)-waste and its benefits. The e-waste programme of the university is discussed with reference to important resources and literature to provide other organizations the importance of the programme for their sustainable development. Readers can assess valuable information on sustainable e-waste management programme through web resources and GU internal resources.

The aim is to explore users' reactions to health information web sites from the perspective of trust, retrieval of relevant information and ease-of-use, and to establish the link between perceived quality, trust, and usability. Designlmethodology/approach - An analysis of three Australian health web sites was undertaken. A usability test was conducted on those three web sites resulting in 207 completed user evaluations. The evaluations included both quantitative and qualitative data. Findings - The three investigated health information web sites do not meet the needs of health consumers. More details such as how information is selected to engender greater trust need to be provided. The retrieval of relevant information could be improved through the implementation of functionality such as spell checking and information differentiation. Finally, ensuring web sites are easy to use contributes to the level of trust users have in a web site. Research limitations/implications - This was a relatively small study investigating only three generic Australian health web sites, the results however suggest that a larger study looking at other health web sites is needed. Practical implications - For government agencies developing health information web sites more attention needs to be paid to the design of these web sites if users are to be encouraged to use the web site and return. The research suggests that effective health information web sites must be perceived to be of reliable quality, be trustworthy, have some level of intelligence to assist in the retrieval of relevant information, and be easy to use. Originality/value - Although there is much research relating to the relationship between web site design and trust for e-commerce transactional web sites this work has not been undertaken for web sites designed for information retrieval, in particular little work has been done of health information web sites. This paper fills in some of the gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an era where communication technologies can move digital media at close to the speed of light, this paper explores the rupture between this technical potential and the actual model by which international television screening dates are determined in Australia. As the delays between overseas and Australian airdates can be as long two years, and average over six months, the rapid rise in both official and fan-produced online material and interaction relating to television series has given rise to a massive but largely unfulfilled demand for simultaneous access to episodes across the globe. Using the case study of the critically acclaimed fan favourite Battlestar Galactica, this paper outlines some of the strategies by which producers build global fan loyalty—from official websites, blogs, commentary podcasts and online deleted scenes to exclusive webisodes and official participation in fan forums. The paper argues that these trends, combined with the time delay between release dates, are the largest factors contributing to the unlawful downloading of television via peer-to-peer file-sharing platforms such as BitTorrent. In attempting to maintain distribution models that began as geographic necessities, but have become exclusively political and economic decisions in an era of digital communication technologies, this paper argues that media corporations are perpetuating a 'tyranny of digital distance' and alienating their own audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At first sight the Internet is the ideal medium for carrying out banking activities due to its cost savings potential and speed of information transmission. From a technological and cost-driven standpoint it may seem quite logical for banks to shift as many banking activities online as possible. At the same time, the question of how to foster customer loyalty arises when the relationship between the bank and the user becomes a virtual one. This paper investigates the importance of antecedents of online loyalty such as trust, quality of the Web site, quality of the service and overall satisfaction. Rather than investigating which factors drive customers to use online banking instead of offline banking, this paper addresses the problem of how to keep customers online and loyal to a specific supplier. A survey among more than 2,000 customers of an Austrian online bank was conducted and a structural equation modeling approach was used to gain important insights into how customer retention in the online banking business can be ensured. Satisfaction and trust were identified as important antecedents of loyalty. Additionally, the moderating role of consumer characteristics (gender, age, involvement, perceived risk and technophobia) was supported by the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the findings of a recent Australian study of performance management systems conducted by the School of Management at Curtin University of Technology, Perth, in association with the Australian Human Resources Institute (AHRI). It was undertaken electronically via the AHRI website, and resulted in a broad range of responses from both the public and private sectors. It reflects the views of a broad sample of Australian HR professionals. Its main purposes were to update findings from earlier studies, to ascertain current levels of use and satisfaction, and to determine whether performance management has become a more effective strategic tool in the human resource management repertoire. The findings suggest, as in earlier studies, that the use of, and satisfaction with performance management systems remain problematic, although there are some indications that the increasing integration of the balanced scorecard within these systems appears to encourage more strategic links between individual, group, and organisational outcomes, as espoused by strategic human resource management theorists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we examine how the figure of the teenager is positioned within the discourses and practices of commercial online media. In particular, we explore how the popular, Australia-based web portal “ninemsn” works discursively to shape the identities of young people. Ninemsn not only constructs and circulates selected representations of teenage media users, but also makes available to them particular kinds of texts and communication practices. At the same time it pursues its own commercial agenda, which aims to attract and expand particular audience segments and niche markets and sell them on to advertisers for a range of media forms and products. Ninemsn's development of “personas” to aid the processes of site design and marketing is especially notable as an attempt to more precisely outline particular subject positions for users and offer detailed representations of imagined consumers to advertisers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates electronic customer service, e-service, by Australian organisations, replicating and building on Heuchan et al.'s study of relationships among organisational characteristics and e-service. Compared to one year earlier, the study found more organisations with Web sites, shorter response times to customer e-mails and higher response quality to customer e-mails. Response rate and response quality, however, was virtually the same - poor. Australian organisations have e-service tools such as Web sites and e-mail, yet they face an assimilation gap delivering e-service. Organisational diffusion of innovations provides a theoretical base for these results and future research. The paper gives manager insights into existing e-service and ways to improve e-service in their organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A survey of Australian public library Web sites reveals that very few libraries have gone beyond establishing Web sites that provide information about their static library resources and services. Few attempts have been made to deliver a high level of interactive library service to online clients. This paper examines some of the issues that public libraries need to consider in order to rethink the way that the Web can be better used to provide interactive, real time online services. Issues include: commitment of staff and financial resources to online services; developing and maintaining Web technology skills; reclaiming the Web from IT departments; and individual effort versus collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of the Internet, specifically the World Wide Web (WWW) and e-mail on Australian parties in two key areas: (1) party communication: what exactly are parties using their Websites for? and (2) party competition: does the Internet lower the threshold for smaller parties to communicate their message compared with the traditional media? We examine these questions with two types of data—a questionnaire of party communication staff and content analysis of a representative sample of party Websites. Our findings show, first, that Australian parties have taken a fairly cautious approach to the new medium, using it primarily as an information storehouse rather than putting it to more innovative use. Second, while almost all Australian parties have a Web presence, there is a divide between those parties with parliamentary representation and those without in terms of their site quality and visibility on the Web. The study concludes by interpreting the findings in the context of research on parties' use of the Internet worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of the study described in this article was to examine whether, and to what extent, Australian public hospitals use knowledge terminology, i.e. a body of knowledge-related terms, on their websites. The paper also discusses the difference in the level of such communication between large and small hospitals, the factors affecting the use of the knowledge-related terms in the communication and the similarities/differences between the use of knowledge terms in Australian public hospitals and large/small companies in Australia.Methods: 151 Australian public hospitals were included in the research sample: 51 large and 100 small hospitals. Using the method of content analysis, websites mentioning knowledge creation, knowledge sharing, knowledge implementation, and knowledge retention were identified, along with the number of these mentions. Descriptive statistics and chi square test of independence were used to provide answers to four research questions.Results: Of the 151 hospitals included in the sample, 30 had no website and 62 (50 small and 12 large) had a single page website. The study found that there are differences between Australian public hospitals regarding the level of their knowledge communication on their websites, both between small and large hospitals and between the individual hospitals within the large and small hospital groups.Conclusions: A well-known saying goes "For the mouth speaks what the heart is full of". Effective communication of knowledge-related terminologies to both internal and external stakeholders, i.e. the parties who access the websites, is therefore an indication of a knowledge focus in the public hospitals. Large hospitals are generally more active in communicating knowledge terms, although there are some exceptions. Some of the small hospitals can lead by example, but most of them do not include knowledge terminology in their communication on websites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses the updated look of the journal "Australian Geographer" to help promote the journal more effectively online and take advantage of the possibilities offered by interactive features. He cites the new page design that makes to the journal more accessible to those with visual difficulties or dyslexia. He refers to the first paper of the new-look journal that bridges geography, coastal science and Aboriginal studies.

The idea that workers embody the brand is placing increasing emphasis on the personal attributes of employees. The drive towards aesthetic labour, which focuses on 'particular embodied capacities and attributes that appeal to the senses of customers', has the potential for a form of discrimination based on appearance, 'lookism'. This article sought to examine the 'face of' 28 major hotels in Sydney through their online promotional videos, with particular reference to the perceived body size of employees. In total, there were 112 images of hotel staff, primarily in front-of-house roles. The images were overwhelmingly of slim to average sized workers. The few who were judged as slightly larger than the norm were older men in the role of doorman, exemplifying the portly, British gentleman in top hat and tails at a four to five star hotel. The question arises: are Sydney hotels employing only slim/average sized staff or are they presenting only these staff as the 'face of' the hotel? Whatever the answer, the message portrayed to guests and labour markets remains the same: the brand values slimness. Such practice could be interpreted as a form of weight prejudice and discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Despite much optimistic language on commercial websites, little data is available on actual performance of hydrokinetic turbines. This paper summarises the findings of a series of tests on several Darrieus type cross flow hydrokinetic turbines (HKTs). Although this type of hydrokinetic turbine (HKT) has some advantages over axial flow turbines, fixed pitch Darrieus HKTs also have some drawbacks, including inability to self-start under load, low efficiency and shaking. Variable pitch has been suggested to increase starting torque and efficiency, ducts to increase power output and helical blades to produce smooth torque. To assess each of these modifications, tests were conducted in Australia and Canada on HKTs with fixed and variable pitch straight blades, fixed helical blades, with and without a slatted diffuser, by mounting each turbine in front of a barge and motoring through still water at speeds ranging from less than 1 m/s up to 5 m/s. The diffuser increased the power output by a factor of 3 in one configuration but considerably less in others. A reason for this finding is suggested. The maximum coefficient of performance Cp of the fixed pitch straight blade and helical turbines without a diffuser ranged from about 0.25 at 1.5 m/s down to less than 0.1 at 5 m/s, while Cp for those with a diffuser ranged from about 0.45 down to about 0.3. Fixed blade turbines, both straight and helical, exhibited low starting torque, while variable pitch turbines started easily. Considerable differences in Cp were observed for the same turbine configuration at different speeds. The turbine with fixed pitch, straight blades was found to shake violently due to cyclical hydrodynamic forces on blades, while the helical and variable pitch turbines did not shake excessively. These findings suggest that variable pitch cross flow HKTs should be further investigated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

There have been calls in the IS/eBusiness literature for research on "green" IS/IT in a Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) context. The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) literature has neglected the issue of how SMEs can use websites to communicate their environmental improvement activities. This paper links these two previously separate disciplines by reporting on a content analysis of 443 Australian SME websites from four industry sectors to identify if and how they use websites to communicate their environmental improvement activities. The study found that 47 websites were communicating such activities in some form. A detailed analysis was undertaken of these 47 websites to identify emergent themes relating to how these SMEs were communicating their environmental improvement activities. These themes resulted in a reconceptualisation of the traditional "4 Ps" of marketing for online communication of environmental improvement activities by SMEs: profile; product; process; and prominence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which explores the relevance of environmental management system applications in the creation of good corporate citizen image in the construction industry in Australia. Study collected data from publicly available statistics, corporations' websites, and annual reports, and conducted interviews with construction industry's stakeholders. Findings reveal that environmental management system provides a role in molding the image of a good corporate citizen. Study also shows that majority of the companies in Australia pursue corporate governance structure which deals with a healthy environment.

Purpose - Given the role that food marketing plays in influencing dietary patterns in children, the aim of this article is to explore the internet-based marketing tactics employed by eight leading Australian food companies that produce and distribute foods that are predominantly consumed by children. Design/methodology/approach - The marketing policies and child-targeted internet marketing practices of eight major Australian food companies were examined. Findings - Seven of the eight food companies have web sites or sections of sites that are devoted to children and/or teenagers; with downloadable materials and extensive direct marketing. Of most concern was the collection of detailed personal information from children and/or teenagers, which was evident on the web sites of five of the seven food companies that have such sites. Research limitations/implications - This study examined only eight Australia food companies, so the findings cannot be generalized to other companies, or companies in other countries. The study was conducted at a specific point in time and, given rapid changes in internet marketing, it is likely that new strategies and messages will have emerged since data collection. Originality/value - The article provides a unique snapshot of internet marketing practices of a sample of Australian food companies targeting children and adolescents, and raises important issues for discussion regarding the appropriateness and ethics of some of these practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on quality development in electronic learning in Australia. It outlines the features of such online education quality framework development for a multi-campus university which is made to enhance the quality of its web sites and student learning through the enhancement of academic skills. It provides an analysis on the range of current models on evaluative frameworks and their positions within the context. It also points out its features such as evaluative review, developmental approach and scaffolding structure.

This paper reports the findings of a survey conducted in Australia in 2007/08 that investigated the experiences of online social network users aged between 15-65 years. This research is underpinned by two socio-cultural theories of learning: Situated Cognition and Activity Theory, and has a particular emphasis on online identity creation. Both quantitative and qualitative data are reported on issues of privacy, relationship between online and offline friends, time spent engaged in online social networking activities, use of photographs and status features and positive and negative experiences associated with online social networking. The findings are then interpreted from a socio-cultural perspective of learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective archiving of Web sites in Australia has been under way since 1996. This approach has seen carefully selected sites preserved after site owners granted permission. The labor-intensive nature of this process means only a small number of sites can ever be acquired in this manner. An alternate approach is an automated “whole-of-domain” capture of sites, which has been undertaken in a number of countries, including Australia. This article considers the existing legal position in taking this approach and looks at how legal deposit and copyright legislation constrains the process. It also considers recent amendments to the Copyright Act to provide more flexibility along the lines of the U.S. fair-use approach and the possible impact these new provisions may have for those involved with large-scale Web archiving in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) has a legislative, and a strongly held organisational commitment to the Australian community to publish the results of all statistical collections that it conducts, and make them accessible by all. In 2005, the ABS introduced free statistics on the ABS website. Since then, there has been exponential growth in the on-line access of ABS statistics. Aiming to take advantage of the opportunities available from Web 2.0 technologies, in late 2008, the ABS adopted Attribution 2.5 Australia licence of Creative Commons. This initiative is expected to lead to better decision making through high value-added information products created by re-using, sharing, mixing and matching of ABS data with other data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Nowadays government policies, laws, and other valuable information are published via the web. However, it is very difficult to ensure the comprehensiveness, accuracy and currency of all Webpublications manually, because there are too many Websites that are usually maintained by different departments and agencies. Method. We proposed a Web monitoring system based Web information integration method to resolve this problem. It has been utilized for Australian and Tasmanian government Web information integration for the State Library of Tasmania since July 2005. We have been monitoring 249 federal, state and local government Websites for the Web information integration since July 2005. Monitoring Websites consist of federal government homepages (21 sites, 8%), federal government media release pages (108 sites, 44%), Tasmanian government homepages (73 sites, 30%), Tasmanian government media release pages (16 sites, 6%), and Tasmanian local government homepages (31, 12%) Analysis. We analysed overall, monthly, weekly and daily monitoring trends and usage of the monitoring results. Results. In total, the Web monitoring system collected 30,279 documents during the monitoring period. The most prolific domain is federal media release pages (16,075 documents, 51%). This is followed by Tasmanian government homepages (6,288 documents, 20%), Tasmanian government media release pages (4,673 documents, 15%), federal government homepages (3,243 documents, 10%), and local council homepages (1,493 documents, 5%). These monitoring results are used to modify the current Web information (62%), to add new information(22%), and to delete current Web information (16%)of two Tasmanian government information portal. Conclusions. Our research shows that Web monitoring based approach is very useful, because it supports Web information integration without requiring any changes in the current system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its origins in the late 1980s, Australian hip hop continues to be fundamentally a do- it-yourself (DIY) subcultural field which has little or no music industry input or support. This paper profiles some of the small labels and producers in Australian hip hop (Obese, Elefant Traks, Nuff Said, Crookneck, Invada, etc.) and examines how they have formed from the ground up, using community radio stations such as 2SER, PBS and 3ZZZ, and websites such as Ozhiphop.com, to promote their music, as well as organising their own gigs and tours. 11 also examines Aboriginal practitioners of hip hop, who have even less infrastructure than the DIY network of independent producers and labels. Drawing on Holly Kruse's writing about 'situated practices' in independent rock music, which refers to Bourdieu's fields of practice' and 'habitus', I examine the subcultural networks and associations that have emerged in Australian hip hop, mediated through a nexus of genre, gender, space, location, race and ethnicity. The concept of habitus is arguably a useful way of referring to hip hop practices like MCing, Dung, breakdancing and graffiti, as well as the social behaviour associated with the hip hop subculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research study is to evaluate the availability and classification of the types of currently available Internet self-help websites for depression. Its aim is to develop an understanding of what is available for people at risk of depression who would otherwise perhaps not seek help and to investigate whether such useful resources are on the increase. In Australia, depression is the top-ranked cause of nonfatal disability. Over 27% of young adults have a current mental disorder, with depression being the most prevalent (10.8%). This paper investigates the availability and type of self-help websites that are available for people suffering from mild to moderate depression, as a step towards providing avenues for care for this population of sufferers. The most important finding of this study was that not only were there an increased number of websites available as self-help resources, but that over the three year period, there has been a statistically significant increase in the proportion of websites that are evidence-based. This is an important factor for sufferers of mild to moderate depression who are looking for access to online self-help resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Australia is one of the leading nations using the internet in both business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) settings (ABS 2004). However, little academic attention has been paid to the adoption of internet-based technology in the Australian franchising sector. Thus this paper addresses the problem of how Australian franchise organisations use internet-based technologies in their franchise systems. This research examines the websites of a sample of 202 Australian franchisors to determine their function as a communication and marketing tool within the franchise network. The aim is to document the web activities undertaken by Australian franchisors to provide an exploratory and descriptive snapshot that can be used as a platform for theoretical efforts The analysis reveals that adoption of internet technologies is still in its infancy in Australian franchise systems with the major uses of franchisor websites being providing information to consumers and as a means of attracting potential franchisees. There is evidence that franchise organisations are moving towards network behaviour through the internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]