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The research on the influence of groundwater level fluctuation on pit properties is a new subject in actual engineering, and the research on pit-in-pit has not been deeply studied. In this article, the finite element (FE) model of pit-in-pit is established based on FE method, and DISP subroutine is programmed to realize the fluctuation of groundwater level over time. The deformation characteristics of exterior enclosure structure under the condition of with or without groundwater level fluctuation are compared considering effect of different inner pit's excavation locations, depths, sizes, and insertion ratios. The results show that the maximum lateral displacement of the pit exterior enclosure structure is inversely related to the pit toe coefficient and the insertion ratio, and is positively related to the depth ratio and the area ratio, and there is a critical value for the pit toe coefficient. Considering the fluctuation of the groundwater level, the lateral displacement of the cantilever enclosure structure is larger than that without considering the groundwater level fluctuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]