1. A Physical Agricultural Drought Index Based on Root Zone Water Availability: Model Development and Application.
- Author
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Liu, Meixian and Sun, Alexander Y.
- Subjects
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DROUGHT management , *WATER supply , *HAZARD mitigation , *NORMALIZED difference vegetation index , *DROUGHTS , *SOIL moisture - Abstract
Physical agricultural drought indices generally use soil moisture to represent root‐zone water availability (RZWA). The uncertainty in root‐zone properties, especially in deep‐rooting regions, may lead to significant uncertainty in the results. This study adopted a conceptual model that requires no specific root‐zone properties to model the RZWA. A RZWA‐based drought index (AgDI) was then developed by standardizing the root‐zone water deficit. A comparison over 20 catchments with different terrain and vegetation demonstrated the effectiveness of AgDI in characterizing agricultural droughts, with the correlations between vegetation indices (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI] and gross primary productivity [GPP]) and AgDI (mean ~0.54) being significantly higher than those between the same vegetation indices and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI, ~0.22), Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI, ~0.33), and Standardized Soil moisture Index (SSI, ~0.37). Compared to the SSI, the AgDI was not equally advantageous everywhere, but it generally showed better performance in deep‐rooting regions. Plain Language Summary: Agricultural drought can adversely affect agroecosystems; therefore its detection and quantification are essential for hazard mitigation. Limited root‐zone water availability (RZWA) is the direct cause of agricultural drought. Generally, physical agricultural drought indices are based on the soil moisture of several soil layers (e.g., 0–100 cm). However, these methods may result in uncertainties because the soil moisture in such soil profiles may not fully reflect the RZWA, especially in deep‐rooting ecosystems. In addition, estimation of RZWA is challenging because of the uncertainty in root‐zone properties (e.g., roots distribution and hydraulic properties). To overcome these known limitations, we developed a conceptual model that does not require root zone properties to model the RZWA, using which a new agricultural drought index (AgDI) was then developed by standardizing the root zone water deficit. A comparison study over 20 catchments with different terrain and vegetation properties showed that the AgDI is more effective in characterizing agricultural drought than the PDSI, SPEI and SSI. Compared to the soil moisture based SSI, the AgDI is not advantageous everywhere but generally exhibits better performance in deep‐rooting regions. We also found that the meteorological droughts are the main triggers of, but do not always lead to, agricultural droughts. Key Points: RZWA was inferred by using a conceptual model needing no specified root‐zone propertiesOur RZWA‐based drought index (AgDI) is effective in characterizing agricultural droughtsThe AgDI generally performs better in deep‐rooting regions than soil moisture based indices [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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