9 results on '"Viviroli, Daniel"'
Search Results
2. 'Water Towers'—A Global View of the Hydrological Importance of Mountains
- Author
-
Viviroli, Daniel, Weingartner, Rolf, Beniston, Martin, editor, and Wiegandt, Ellen, editor
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A New Typology for Mountains and Other Relief Classes: An Application to Global Continental Water Resources and Population Distribution
- Author
-
Messerli, Bruno, Viviroli, Daniel, and Weingartner, Rolf
- Published
- 2001
4. Mountains of the world, water towers for humanity: Typology, mapping, and global significance
- Author
-
Viviroli, Daniel, Dürr, Hans H, Messerli, Bruno, Meybeck, Michel, Weingartner, Rolf, Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Zurich, and Viviroli, Daniel
- Subjects
1655) ,Hydrology: Geomorphology: general (1625) ,Hydrology: Hydrological cycles and budgets (1218 ,global assessment ,Hydrology: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) ,Hydrology: Water supply ,water resources ,10122 Institute of Geography ,2312 Water Science and Technology ,water towers ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Earth Science ,910 Geography & travel ,mountain hydrology ,global change - Abstract
International audience; Mountains are important sources of freshwater for the adjacent lowlands. In view of increasingly scarce freshwater resources, this contribution should be clarified. While earlier studies focused on selected river systems in different climate zones, we attempt here a first spatially explicit, global typology of the so-called "water towers" at the 0.5° × 0.5° resolution in order to identify critical regions where disproportionality of mountain runoff as compared to lowlands is maximum. Then, an Earth systems perspective is considered with incorporation of lowland climates, distinguishing four different types of water towers. We show that more than 50% of mountain areas have an essential or supportive role for downstream regions. Finally, the potential significance of water resources in mountains is illustrated by including the actual population in the adjacent lowlands and its water needs: 7% of global mountain area provides essential water resources, while another 37% delivers important supportive supply, especially in arid and semiarid regions where vulnerability for seasonal and regional water shortage is high.
- Published
- 2007
5. Water resources in mountain regions: a methodological approach to assess the water balance in a highland-lowland-system.
- Author
-
Weingartner, Rolf, Viviroli, Daniel, and Schädler, Bruno
- Subjects
WATER balance (Hydrology) ,MOUNTAINS ,EVAPORATION (Meteorology) ,OSMOREGULATION ,GAGING ,HYDROLOGIC models ,WATERSHEDS - Abstract
Mountains and highlands are typically areas that provide considerable quantities of water, the latter being an important resource for the lowlands. These run-off quantities remain discernible in the superior-scale river systems and significantly contribute to the global water resources, Therefore, mountain regions ought to be given specific consideration with regard to management endeavours. Although well known in principle, details of water resources originating from mountains remain under discussion. A new approach has been introduced, which depicts the water balance of Switzerland in a spatially distributed manner. based on catchments of about 150 km². The main feature of this approach is the areal precipitation, which is calculated using run-off, evaporation and storage change of glaciers, instead of being derived from gauged precipitation values. This methodology was selected because measurement and regionalization of precipitation remain subject to large uncertainties in mountainous areas. Subsequently, the view is widened to the European Alps, which, as compared with the surrounding lowlands, contribute considerably higher annual discharge, especially in the summer months. Finally, the focus is put on the hydrological significance of mountains in general. In dry regions, mountains, in particular, are indispensable contributors to the water resources downstream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Impacts of environmental change on water resources in the Mt. Kenya region
- Author
-
Notter, Benedikt, MacMillan, Lindsay, Viviroli, Daniel, Weingartner, Rolf, and Liniger, Hans-Peter
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATE change , *LAND economics , *LANDSCAPE assessment , *REAL estate development - Abstract
Summary: Water resources are becoming increasingly scarce in the Mt. Kenya region. Land use and climate change may pose additional challenges to water management in the future. In order to assess the impacts of environmental change, the NRM3 Streamflow Model, a simple, semi-distributed, grid-based water balance model, is evaluated as a tool for discharge prediction in six meso-scale catchments on the western slopes of Mt. Kenya, and used to analyse the impact of land use and climate change scenarios on water resources. The calibration and validation results show an acceptable performance of the NRM3 Streamflow Model in simulating discharge. Input data represent the main limitation. Rainfall patterns in the mountainous catchments are very heterogeneous and difficult to capture with the monitoring network. River water abstractions make up 80–100% of naturalized dry season discharge, but amounts can only be approximately estimated. Under the scenarios of land use and climate change examined, the total amount as well as the variability of discharge will increase: Conversion of the forest area to crop- or grassland will increase annual runoff by 11% or 59%, respectively, by mainly increasing flood flows and, under cropland, slightly reducing low flows. Climate change as projected by the IPCC Task Group on Scenarios for Impact Assessment [IPCC-TCGIA, 1999. Guidelines in the use of data for climate impact and adaptation assessment. Version 1. Prepared by Carter, T.R., Hulme, M.., Lal, M., Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Task Group on Scenarios for Climate Impact Assessment.] will result in an increase of annual runoff by 26%, with a severe increase in flood flows, and a reduction of the lowest flows to about a tenth of the current value. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Increasing dependence of lowland populations on mountain water resources
- Author
-
Daniel Viviroli, Marko Kallio, Matti Kummu, Michel Meybeck, Yoshihide Wada, University of Zurich, Viviroli, Daniel, Water and Environmental Eng., Sorbonne Université, Department of Built Environment, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,2306 Global and Planetary Change ,2105 Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,02 engineering and technology ,HYDROLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE ,01 natural sciences ,2308 Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,RUNOFF ,910 Geography & travel ,020701 environmental engineering ,2. Zero hunger ,Global and Planetary Change ,education.field_of_study ,CLIMATE-CHANGE ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Agroforestry ,REGIONS ,10122 Institute of Geography ,GLACIER ,Population ,0207 environmental engineering ,Climate change ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,2309 Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Hydrology (agriculture) ,FUTURE ,3305 Geography, Planning and Development ,3322 Urban Studies ,education ,1106 Food Science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,VULNERABILITY ,Sustainable development ,geography ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,AVAILABILITY ,EXTENT ,Glacier ,15. Life on land ,Urban Studies ,Water resources ,SNOW ,13. Climate action ,Agriculture ,Surface runoff ,business ,2303 Ecology ,Food Science - Abstract
Mountain areas provide disproportionally high runoff in many parts of the world, but their importance for water resources and food production has not been clarified from the viewpoint of the lowland areas downstream. Here we quantify the extent to which lowland inhabitants potentially depend on runoff contributions from mountain areas (39% of the global land mass). We show that ~1.5 billion people (24% of the world’s lowland population) are projected to depend critically on runoff contributions from mountains by the mid-twenty-first century under a ‘middle of the road’ scenario, compared with ~0.2 billion (7%) in the 1960s. This striking rise is mainly due to increased local water consumption in the lowlands, whereas changes in mountain and lowland runoff play only a minor role. We further show that one-third of the global lowland area equipped for irrigation is currently located in regions that both depend heavily on runoff contributions from mountains and make unsustainable use of local blue water resources, a figure that is likely to rise to well over 50% in the coming decades. Our findings imply that mountain areas should receive particular attention in water resources management and underscore the protection they deserve in efforts towards sustainable development. Runoff from mountain water sources is critical to some lowland populations. In this Article, these populations are projected to increase from 0.2 billion people in the 1960s to 1.5 billion by mid-century.
- Published
- 2020
8. Climate Change and Mountain Water Resources: Overview and Recommendations for Research, Management and Policy
- Author
-
Mathias Vuille, Alan F. Hamlet, D.R. Archer, Ross Woods, Wouter Buytaert, Bruno Schädler, K Schwaiger, Hayley J. Fowler, G Koboltschnig, Juan I. López-Moreno, Daniel Viviroli, Gregory B. Greenwood, Simon Lorentz, Y Huang, Hans Schreier, M I Litaor, University of Zurich, and Viviroli, Daniel
- Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350 ,business.industry ,lcsh:T ,1901 Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Environmental resource management ,Integrated water resources management ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Climate change ,910 Geography & travel ,Research management ,lcsh:Technology ,lcsh:TD1-1066 ,Water resources ,10122 Institute of Geography ,2312 Water Science and Technology ,lcsh:G ,Evapotranspiration ,Environmental monitoring ,Environmental science ,Precipitation ,lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,business ,Groundwater ,lcsh:Environmental sciences - Abstract
Mountains are essential sources of freshwater for our world, but their role in global water resources could well be significantly altered by climate change. How well do we understand these potential changes today, and what are implications for water resources management, climate change adaptation, and evolving water policy? To answer above questions, we have examined 11 case study regions with the goal of providing a global overview, identifying research gaps and formulating recommendations for research, management and policy. After setting the scene regarding water stress, water management capacity and scientific capacity in our case study regions, we examine the state of knowledge in water resources from a highland-lowland viewpoint, focusing on mountain areas on the one hand and the adjacent lowland areas on the other hand. Based on this review, research priorities are identified, including precipitation, snow water equivalent, soil parameters, evapotranspiration and sublimation, groundwater as well as enhanced warming and feedback mechanisms. In addition, the importance of environmental monitoring at high altitudes is highlighted. We then make recommendations how advancements in the management of mountain water resources under climate change could be achieved in the fields of research, water resources management and policy as well as through better interaction between these fields. We conclude that effective management of mountain water resources urgently requires more detailed regional studies and more reliable scenario projections, and that research on mountain water resources must become more integrative by linking relevant disciplines. In addition, the knowledge exchange between managers and researchers must be improved and oriented towards long-term continuous interaction.
- Published
- 2011
9. Water resources in mountain regions: a methodological approach to assess the water balance in a highland-lowland-system
- Author
-
Rolf Weingartner, Daniel Viviroli, Bruno Schädler, University of Zurich, and Viviroli, Daniel
- Subjects
Hydrology ,geography ,Resource (biology) ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,business.industry ,Drainage basin ,Glacier ,Foyer ,Water resources ,Water balance ,10122 Institute of Geography ,2312 Water Science and Technology ,Environmental science ,Physical geography ,Precipitation ,910 Geography & travel ,business ,Downstream (petroleum industry) ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Mountains and highlands are typically areas that provide considerable quantities of water, the latter being an important resource for the lowlands. These run-off quantities remain discernible in the superior-scale river systems and significantly contribute to the global water resources. Therefore, mountain regions ought to be given specific consideration with regard to management endeavours. Although well known in principle, details of water resources originating from mountains remain under discussion. A new approach has been introduced, which depicts the water balance of Switzerland in a spatially distributed manner, based on catchments of about 150 km2. The main feature of this approach is the areal precipitation, which is calculated using run-off, evaporation and storage change of glaciers, instead of being derived from gauged precipitation values. This methodology was selected because measurement and regionalization of precipitation remain subject to large uncertainties in mountainous areas. Subsequently, the view is widened to the European Alps, which, as compared with the surrounding lowlands, contribute considerably higher annual discharge, especially in the summer months. Finally, the focus is put on the hydrological significance of mountains in general. In dry regions, mountains, in particular, are indispensable contributors to the water resources downstream. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Published
- 2007
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.