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A field trial was conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El – Sheikh Governorate (310 07ˉ N Latitude and 300 57ˉ E longitude with an elevation of about 6 mean sea level MSL), Egypt, during the two growing seasons of 2017 and 2018 to study the effect of sowing dates, plant density, and intercropping on yield and some yield attributes of cotton and sesame. Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum) were sole cropped and intercropped at three sowing dates (April 15th (S1), April 30th (S2) and May15th (S3)) and two densities (33% (D1) and 50% (D2) of sole crop) with sesame. The experiment was laid out in randomized completely block design with split plot design with three replications. sowing date of sesame were randomized in main plots and plant density of sesame in subplots. The highest amount of applied water (AW) and water consumptive use (CU) were recorded under the first sowing date, while the highest productivity of irrigation water (PIW) and water productivity (WP) were recorded at the third sowing date and 33% density for sesame. Sowing dates had nonsignificant effect on all traits in cotton except seed yield /plant at the second season that was significant but seed yield /fed was significant of both two seasons, while, nonsignificant effect on all traits in sesame except seed yield /plant was significant at two seasons. Plant densities were highly significant effect on all traits in cotton except plant height at two seasons. And boll weight at the first season, while, significant effect on all traits in sesame except no. of branches /plant that was in significant and seed yield /plant was significant at two seasons. The highest land equivalent ration (LER) were obtained 1.41, 1.40, respectively as mean of both two seasons. The highest mean net incomes were (30120 and 27688 L.E.) obtained from sowing date 3 (May15th) and density 1(33%) of sesame in the first and second seasons, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent challenge in agriculture is producing more yields by consuming less water, especially in areas with limited resources of land and water. The study was carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research station., kafr el- sheikh governorate, Egypt, during the 2018 and 2019 summer seasons to evaluate productivity and economic profitability of cowpea intercrop with maize under different sowing dates of cowpea as well as evaluate the efficiency of the system using the land equivalent ratio (LER), water equivalent ratio (WER), some water relations also Gross return. The split-plot design with three replications was used. The main plots were assigned to the cowpea sowing date (D1-1st May, D2 - 20th May, and D3- 9th June), the sub-plot was contained to the intercropping pattern (P1-(1:1), P2-(1:2) and P3-(2:4)). The highest values of irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and crop water use efficiency (CWUE) were given with the first sowing date under the intercropping system (1:2). The cowpea sowing dates had no significant differences in yield and some components of maize and on its interaction with intercropping patterns. The highest LER was found with the third sowing date for cowpea under intercropping system (1:2) treatment in two seasons, respectively. In economic viewpoint high additional increase in profits over each cost for all intercropping patterns especially the third sowing date for cowpea under the intercropping system (1:2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]