Search

Usage and quality of water for living were investigated in Bagan, Mandalay, Inle Lake and Taunggyi in the central area of Myanmar. Almost all people in the country do not have direct access to a water supply system. However, piped water is also groundwater or surface water without filtration and chlorination because there are few water purification plants. Furthermore, the majority of latrines are the pit type, and domestic sewage is directly discharged into surface waters such as rivers and lakes. Therefore, the contamination of raw water and soil influences the water quality directly. Many samples had a high concentration of Na+ and total alkalinity. The existence of NO2 -, NH4 + and K+ in all the samples suggest the raw water was polluted with human waste and chemical fertilizers., 12, KJ00010166659, 論文

Usage and quality of water for living were investigated in Tashkent and 3 south-eastern cities in Uzbekistan and 2 north-western cities in Tajikistan, a neighboring country of Uzbekistan. Waterworks were created in urban areas of the region and piped water had high concentration of SO_4^-^2, NO_3^- and Ca^+^2. This indicates that raw water (surface water or groundwater) had been supplied without purification. Groundwater of flatlands in Shahrisabz and Termiz, Uzbekistan showed total hardness of 300-650mg/L and contained many ions when compared with mountain spring water of Ainy, Tajikistan. PO_4^-^3 and NH_4^+ detected in a majority of samples might suggest water resource contamination with fertilizer and excreta., 12, KJ00006921259, 研究ノート, Research Note

Usage and quality of water for living were investigated from Osh to Bishkek via Narin in the Kyrgyz Republic. About half of the people in the country do not have direct acce ss to piped wat e r and the re si den ts ou t s ide the wa t er supp l y a r ea us e untreated groundwater or surface stream water. The groundwater used for livingshowed hardness of 335〜580 mg/L with high concentrations of SO4-2, and had more than 0.35mg/L of NH4+. In tap water to the contrary, levels of electric conductivity and hardness were low with little content of ions such as Na+,Cl- and SO4-2., 8, KJ00006117619, 研究ノート, Research note

This paper will examine sustainable water-resource protection in the arid region of southern Turkey. Usage and quality of water for living were investigated. Waterworks were created in the region and they have been managed relatively well. In south-eastern Anatolia, however, there were some towns where tap water was stored in tanks because of low hydraulic pressure. The water of those areas showed high concentrations of NO3-. Meanwhile in the Mediterranean area, water registered a remarkable hardness of more than 315 mg/L with high concentration of SO4-2. NH4+, K+ and/or PO4-3 were detected in many of the samples in the investigated regions. This might suggest the possibility of groundwater contamination from excessive use of fertilizers and agricultural chemicals., 14, KJ00005336279, 研究ノート, Research note

Usage and quality of water for living were investigated in Inner-Mongolia autonomous region in China. Although every household had access to a drinking water supply in the urban area, there were no such infrastructures in rural areas where water from wells is used for daily life. City dwellers believe that groundwater and spring water is cleaner and safer when compared to the piped water they are using everyday. COD ranged from 4 to 10 mg/L in all water samples and no coliforms were detected. Whereas piped water of Hohhot contained more than 60 mg/L of Ca^and 32-43 mg/L of NO_3^-, spring water of Ordos plateau was soft water with a total hardness below 100 mg/L., 11, KJ00004723236, 研究ノート, Research Note

Usage and quality of water for living were investigated in the basins of the Amu-Darya(riv.) and the Karakum canal. The residents of this area used groundwater or piped water for cooking, washing and drinking, and the water had permanent hardness. Karakum Canal reaches across southern Turkmenistan from the Amu-Darya. The piped water of the area showed 49-83 ms/m of electric conductivity and had neither NO^-_2 nor NH^+_4. The groundwater used in the lower reaches of the Amu-Darya showed over 1000 mg/L of total hardness and contained NO^-_3, NO^-_2, and NH^+_4. There is concern of serious health impairment led by possible groundwater pollution by chemical fertilizers and domestic sewage. People should be more aware of saving water since the leakage of water from faucets or feeding pipes was often found., 12, KJ00005073333, 研究ノート, Research Note