16 results on '"Greenhalgh, Suzie"'
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2. A microeconomic perspective on the role of efficiency and equity criteria in designing natural resource policy
- Author
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Kaine, Geoff, Greenhalgh, Suzie, Boyce, Wendy, Lourey, Ruth, Young, Justine, Reed, Emma, Keenan, Blair, and Mackay, Sarah
- Published
- 2017
3. Policy Synergies between Nutrient Over-Enrichment and Climate Change
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Faeth, Paul and Greenhalgh, Suzie
- Published
- 2002
4. Economic Impacts of Multiple Agro-Environmental Policies on New Zealand Land Use
- Author
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Daigneault, Adam, Greenhalgh, Suzie, and Samarasinghe, Oshadhi
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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5. Raising the voice of science in complex socio-political contexts: an assessment of contested water decisions.
- Author
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Greenhalgh, Suzie, Müller, Karin, Thomas, Steve, Campbell, Marsha L., and Harter, Thomas
- Abstract
Agencies are increasingly developing evidence-based policies to manage natural resources. However, the influence of science in policy is not straightforward nor guaranteed. Critiques based on literature meta-analyses or policy-maker interviews suggest deficiencies in science production and delivery with some studies highlighting the importance of human dimensions. In interviews with decision-makers in freshwater policy in New Zealand and California, we investigated barriers to using science in complex and contested policy contexts. Findings highlighted the importance of the science, scientist, decision-maker, and the decision maker's relationship with the scientist, for improving the influence of science on policy decisions. The influence depended more on the scientist delivering the information and the audience receiving it, than on the nature of the science itself. Frameworks like CRELE (credibility, relevance, legitimacy) and ACTA (applicability, comprehensiveness, timing, accessibility) are essential but outweighed by the human dimensions of policy development. With greater public, industry and NGO oversight of policy debates related to highly contested resources like water, the volume and quality of science for policy has greatly improved, meaning CRELE and ACTA factors have less prevalence. We give three categories of recommendations for improving the use of science in decision-making – science communication, science production and policy processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Evaluating water quality regulation as a driver of farmer behavior: a social-ecological systems approach.
- Author
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Wagner, Courtney R. Hammond, Greenhalgh, Suzie, Niles, Meredith T., Zia, Asim, and Bowden, William B.
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WATER quality , *FARMS , *FARMERS , *AGRICULTURAL policy - Abstract
Water quality policy for agricultural lands seeks to improve water quality by changing farmer behavior. We investigate farmer behavior in three water quality regimes that differ by rule structure to examine the fit and interplay of each policy within its social-ecological context, important aspects for improving water quality. Vermont, USA's practice-based policy requires the adoption of specific practices, whereas New Zealand's Lake Taupo and Lake Rotorua performance-based policies require farmers to meet a numeric limit for nutrient loss on their farm. Across the three regions we interviewed 38 farmers to elicit mental models of nutrient management changes. We utilized the social-ecological systems (SES) framework to guide mental model elicitation, drawing on farmers' perceptions of the SES to identify salient aspects for behavior. Mental models were grouped by region and analyzed using network analysis. Farmers in all regions self-report high levels of behavior change and cite the policies as key drivers of behavior. This suggests that each policy fits in that it is achieving desired behavior change. However, different behavioral patterns emerged across the regions that we hypothesize have implications for biophysical fit: structural changes dominate in Vermont (e.g., buffers) and system changes in Taupo (e.g., switch from dairy support to beef cattle). The interplay of the policy in each setting, such as with incentive programs in Vermont and a market for nitrogen in Taupo, contributed to the different behavioral patterns. Additionally, access to capital in some form is required for farmers to achieve changes associated with higher biophysical fit. The social fit of the policies also varied, evidenced by dramatic upheaval in Taupo to mostly neutral perceptions of the policy in Vermont. We conclude that regions considering a shift to water quality rules for farms should carefully consider behavioral dynamics in policy design to achieve water quality goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Modelling the potential impact of New Zealand’s freshwater reforms on land-based Greenhouse Gas emissions
- Author
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Daigneault, Adam, Elliot, Sandy, Greenhalgh, Suzie, Kerr, Suzi, Lou, Edmund, Murphy. Leah, Timar, Levente, and Wadhwa, Sanjay
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Water quality ,climate change ,Agricultural and Food Policy ,Resource /Energy Economics and Policy ,emissions ,Environmental Economics and Policy ,agriculture ,New Zealand - Abstract
The National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management (NPS-FM) establishes the need to set and manage water resources within limits. This report is the first national assessment of the indirect impacts of the NPS-FM on New Zealand’s greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). The water quality improvement aspect of New Zealand’s freshwater reforms are expected to drive significant changes in land and water management across the country. Emissions benefits through the freshwater reforms could potentially result in significant savings for New Zealand by starting the transition to low emissions in the agricultural sector and helping to achieve New Zealand’s overall climate goals. For farmers, changes in land use and management to meet water quality targets will reduce their potential future exposure to needs to reduce GHG emissions. GHG emissions reductions are a combination of reduced emissions through changes in management and de-stocking and increased carbon sequestration associated with planting riparian buffers or afforesting part of the farm. Key results are that without land use change, agricultural GHGs (primarily methane and nitrous oxide) could be reduced by 2.4% or 0.82 million metric tonnes of carbon-dioxide equivalent per annum (MtCO2e/yr) along with an additional 0.11 MtCO2e of forest carbon sequestration as a result of planting riparian buffers and pole planting for erosion control (for a net reduction of 0.92 MtCO2e/yr or 13%). If afforestation is perceived to be a feasible freshwater mitigation option, up to 800 000 ha of additional trees could be planted, thereby increasing carbon sequestration by 5.4 MtCO2-e/yr. In this case gross (net) GHGs could be reduced by 2.9 (8.2) MtCO2e/yr, primarily through reduction in stock numbers and increases in forest carbon sequestration. This option could reduce New Zealand’s net land use emissions by nearly 80%, to about 2.0 MtCO2e/yr. The majority of the emissions impact occurs in the sheep and beef sector, with a gross (net) reduction of 0.61 (0.72) MtCO2e/yr. Nitrogen targets most strongly drive on-farm GHG reductions for all the modelled scenarios that limit mitigation to on-farm changes. This is primarily because actions to mitigate N are most closely related to practices that can also mitigate GHGs (e.g. stock management).
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- 2017
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8. Economic and environmental impacts of implementing multiple agro-environmental policies in New Zealand
- Author
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Daigneault, Adam J., Greenhalgh, Suzie, and Samarasinghe, Oshadhi
- Subjects
International Relations/Trade ,greenhouse gas emissions ,Resource /Energy Economics and Policy ,land use ,Agriculture and forestry modelling ,Agriculture and forestry modeling ,climate policy ,Crop Production/Industries ,water quality ,Agricultural and Food Policy ,nutrient management ,nutrient leaching ,Environmental Economics and Policy ,Land Economics/Use - Abstract
Agricultural and forestry GHG emissions are a key feature of New Zealand’s emissions profile, and New Zealand is the only country, to date, to have indicated that agricultural and forestry emissions will be covered under their domestic climate policy – the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme. Coupled with climate policy development is the increasing scrutiny of agricultural impacts on water. This paper uses New Zealand Forest and Agriculture Regional Model (NZ-FARM) to assess the potential economic and environmental impacts of imposing both a climate and nutrient reduction policy on the agricultural and forestry industries in the Manawatu and Hurunui/Waiau catchments in New Zealand. We find that adding a scheme that reduces catchment-level nutrients by 20% on top of a national policy that puts a price of $25 per ton carbon dioxide equivalent on agricultural GHG emissions could result in greater environmental benefits at a relatively small cost, but the converse is not always true and could be significantly more costly for landowners.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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9. Impacts of Farmer Attitude on the Design of a Nutrient Reduction Policy – a New Zealand Catchment Case Study
- Author
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Samarasinghe, Oshadhi, Daigneault, Adam J., Greenhalgh, Suzie, Munguia, Oscar Montes De Oca, and Walcroft, Jill
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Agricultural and Food Policy ,greenhouse gas emissions ,nutrient budgeting ,land use ,Agriculture and forestry modelling ,water quality ,farmer perception towards policy - Abstract
This paper uses responses from a regional farmer survey that identify farmers’ perceptions of environmental policies to calibrate a catchment-level environmental economic model (NZ-FARM) to estimate the impacts of a nutrient reduction policy in North Canterbury, New Zealand. The model maximizes farm income across a catchment, accounting for changes in land use, farm output, nutrient leaching, and GHG emissions. Simulations estimate that reducing nutrient loads by 15–30% can be achieved with economic impacts ranging between 1 and 10%, based on how willing landowners are to change how they manage their farm. Farmers are often hesitant to implement certain mitigation options, however, which results in higher economic costs than the ‘optimal’ estimates. Farm-level impacts will likely vary through the current farm practice, the farmers’ attitude towards the regulation, and the ability of policymakers to educate and incentivise landowners to adopt a variety of land management options.
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- 2012
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10. Economic Impacts of GHG and Nutrient Reduction Policies in New Zealand: A Tale of Two Catchments
- Author
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Daigneault, Adam J., Greenhalgh, Suzie, and Samarasinghe, Oshadhi
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greenhouse gas emissions ,nutrient leaching ,land use ,Environmental Economics and Policy ,Agriculture and forestry modelling ,climate policy ,water quality - Abstract
Agricultural and forestry GHG emissions are a key feature of New Zealand’s emissions profile, and New Zealand is the only country, to date, to have indicated that agricultural and forestry emissions will be covered under their domestic climate policy – the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme. Coupled with climate policy development is the increasing scrutiny of agricultural impacts on water. This paper uses New Zealand Forest and Agriculture Regional Model (NZ-FARM) to assess the potential economic and environmental impacts of imposing both a climate and nutrient reduction policy on the agricultural and forestry industries in the Manawatu and Hurunui/Waiau catchments in New Zealand. We find that adding a scheme that reduces catchment-level nutrients by 20% on top of a national policy that puts a price of $25 per ton carbon dioxide equivalent on agricultural GHG emissions could result in greater environmental benefits at a relatively small cost, but the converse is not always true and could be significantly more costly for landowners.
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- 2012
- Full Text
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11. Estimating Co-benefits of Agricultural Climate Policy in New Zealand: A Catchment-Level Analysis
- Author
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Daigneault, Adam J., Greenhalgh, Suzie, Samarasinghe, Oshadhi, and Sinclair, Robyn
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Agricultural and Food Policy ,Greenhouse Gas Emissions ,Water Quality ,Land Use ,Water Quantity ,Agriculture and Forestry Modeling ,Environmental Economics and Policy ,Climate Policy - Abstract
This paper uses an economic catchment model to assess changes in land use, enterprise distribution, greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient loading levels from a series of policies that introduce carbon prices or nutrient reduction caps on land-based production in the Hurunui Catchment in Canterbury, New Zealand. At $20/tCO2e, net revenue for the catchment is reduced by 7% from baseline levels while GHGs are reduced by 3%. At $40/ tCO2e, net revenue is reduced by 15% while GHGs are reduced by 21%. Nitrogen and phosphorous loading levels within the catchment were also reduced when landowners face a carbon price, thus providing other benefits to the environment. Additional scenarios in this paper assess the impacts from developing a large-scale irrigation project within the catchment. Results show that while adding irrigation can improve farm output and revenue, it also results in dramatically higher GHG emissions and nutrient loads. Placing a carbon price on land-based activities diminishes some of these pollutants, but not at the same rate as when the policy what enacted on the baseline irrigation levels. Finally, we investigate the impacts of imposing a nutrient loading cap on farm activities instead of a carbon price and find that if landowners had greater access to irrigation but were constrained to hold the nutrient loads at baseline levels, revenue could increase by 6% over the baseline while GHG emissions could be reduced by 5%. Our findings suggest that while there is a potentially a strong trade-off between water quantity and water quality in the Hurunui Catchment, imposing the right policy levers could reduce some of the environmental impacts from an increase in land-use intensity without placing a large economic or regulatory burden on its landowners.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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12. Modelling economic impacts of water storage in North Canterbury
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Daigneault, Adam J., Greenhalgh, Suzie, and Lennox, James A.
- Subjects
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy ,Agriculture & Forestry Sector ,Water Quality ,Partial Equilibrium Modelling ,Land Use ,Water Quantity - Abstract
Despite the importance of the agricultural and downstream processing sectors in the New Zealand economy, there is no tradition of using partial or general equilibrium models to evaluate policies or other measures directed at the agricultural sector. Policy-makers have instead relied on the development of ad hoc scenarios of land use change, farm budget models, and simple multiplier analysis of flow-on effects. To redress this situation, we have developed a catchment-scale partial equilibrium framework based on the US REAP model, which we have thus far calibrated for two different catchments. In this paper, we present an application of the model to the Hurunui Catchment in North Canterbury in which we assess several scenarios for the development of irrigated area under several water storage options. This application is timely, given that there are increasing pressures on water resources in the catchment, and frequent conflicts between abstractive users (mainly pastoral), recreational users (e.g. kayaking, fishing) users, and environmental needs. Currently, a private consortium are pursuing storage options similar to those that we have modelled, while a newly constituted Water Management Zone Committee is tasked with developing a strategic approach to managing water in the Hurunui and adjacent Waiau catchments. In addition, water quality limits are also being developed in the Hurunui catchment. Our modelling approach includes pastoral (dairy, sheep, beef and deer), arable, horticultural and forestry enterprises along with an array of management including various irrigation and fertiliser regimes. The model allows us to test policy scenarios for addressing environmental issues such as mitigating climate change and improving water quality, and changes in resource constraints such as water availability. Using a profit maximizing objective function we compare the impact of the proposed irrigation scenarios in the Hurunui catchment on total catchment profits and a variety of environmental parameters like greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient losses.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Water quality trading programs: A comparison between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres
- Author
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Greenhalgh, Suzie and Selman, Mindy
- Subjects
non-point source ,nutrients ,market-based ,Environmental Economics and Policy ,trading ,water quality ,point source - Abstract
Water quality trading is continually being explored and implemented to improve water quality in many parts of the world. They are being used to cost-effectively reduce point and/or non-point source obligations to meet water quality goals such as nutrient discharge limits. A comparison between evolving trading programs in New Zealand and some in North America illustrate a number of differences as well as similarities in terms of the successes and hurdles. These can be used to better design more effective programs.
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- 2008
- Full Text
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14. Equitably slicing the pie: Water policy and allocation.
- Author
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Daigneault, Adam, Greenhalgh, Suzie, and Samarasinghe, Oshadhi
- Subjects
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ECOLOGICAL economics , *WATER quality , *ECONOMIC efficiency , *LAND use , *ECONOMIC decision making - Abstract
Non-point source pollution is deteriorating water quality throughout the world. New Zealand is addressing this issue by regulating land-based nutrient losses, with debates over how to allocate limits across a heterogeneous landscape. We develop a spatially explicit economic land use model to investigate efficiency and equity issues from seven approaches to allocate nutrient discharges across two New Zealand watersheds. We find that the preferred allocation differs across land use, land characteristics, and regulation stringency; and that there is no universal ‘best’ allocation option. Therefore, decision-makers should focus on, at least, efficiency and equity, and on how to compensate those most affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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15. Non-Market Values in a Cost-Benefit World: Evidence from a Choice Experiment.
- Author
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Eppink, Florian V., Winden, Matthew, Wright, Will C. C., and Greenhalgh, Suzie
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ECOSYSTEM services ,MARKET value ,COST effectiveness ,NATURAL resources ,MONETARY policy ,DISCRETE choice models - Abstract
In support of natural resource and ecosystem service policy, monetary value estimates are often presented to decision makers along with other types of information. There is some evidence that, presented with such ‘mixed’ information, people prioritise monetary over non-monetary information. We conduct a discrete choice experiment among New Zealand decision makers in which we manipulate the information presented to participants. We find that providing explicit monetary information strengthens the pursuit of economic benefits as well as the avoidance of environmental damage. Cultural impacts, of which we provided only qualitative descriptions, did not affect respondents’ choices. Our study provides further evidence that concerns regarding the use of monetary information in decisions with complex, multi-value impacts are valid. Further research is needed to validate our results and find ways to reduce any bias in monetary and non-market information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Trading on Water.
- Author
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Greenhalgh, Suzie and Faeth, Paul
- Subjects
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WATER quality , *INDUSTRIALIZATION & the environment , *INDUSTRIAL waste & the environment , *SEWAGE disposal plants , *DRINKING water - Abstract
Provides information on the effect of industrial development on the quality of water and other issues concerning water pollution in the United States. Effect of industrial effluents on the United States coastlines; Application of wastewater treatment plants and industrial facilities to recover rivers and lakes; Discussion on the importation of drinking water.
- Published
- 2001
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