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In this study, the cellulose sulfate/chitosan aerogel (CCA) was prepared by chitosan and sulfonated cotton, and its efficiency was assessed for lead removal from contaminated waters. The adsorbent was determined by FESEM, EDS, FTIR, and BET analysis. The batch experiments were designed by Design-Expert software. At an initial lead concentration of 300 mg L -1 , the contact time of 40 min, and the temperature of 26 °C, the maximum adsorption capacity and the removal efficiency were 137.8 mg g -1 and 91.9%, respectively. Also, the effect of ions including cations and anions at 100 mg L -1 was investigated, and it was found that the presence of anions does not have much effect on adsorption, but among cations, calcium and magnesium have the inhibitor effect on adsorption due to their double plosive. Adsorption isotherms were studied at different temperatures, and the kinetics of the reaction were investigated at different concentrations. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and increasing irregularity at the adsorbent level. Adsorption recovery was performed five times adsorption and de-adsorption by hydrochloric acid 1 M washing and only 10% of adsorption capacity was decreased., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)