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Nitrogen fertilizer application is an important measure to obtain high and stable corn yield, and the moisture content of corn grains is an important factor affecting the quality of mechanical grain harvesting. In this study, four different nitrogen fertilizer treatments from 0 to 450 kg ha–1 pure nitrogen were set for a planting density of 12.0×104 plants ha–1 in 2017 and 2018, and 18 different nitrogen fertilizer treatments from 0 to 765 kg ha–1 pure nitrogen were set for planting densities of 7.5×104 and 12.0×104 plants ha–1 in 2019, to investigate the effect of nitrogen application rate on the moisture content of corn grains. Under each treatment, the growth of corn, leaf area index (LAI) of green leaves, grain moisture content, and grain dehydration rate were measured. The results showed that, as nitrogen application increased from 0 to 765 kg ha–1, the silking stage was delayed by about 1 day, the maturity stage was delayed by about 1–2 days, and the number of physiologically mature green leaves and LAI increased. At and after physiological maturity, the extreme difference in grain moisture content between different nitrogen application rates was 1.9–4.0%. As the amount of nitrogen application increased, the corn grain dehydration rate after physiological maturity decreased, but it did not reach statistical significance between nitrogen application rate and grain dehydration rate. No significant correlation was observed between LAI at physiological maturity and grain dehydration rate after physiological maturity. In short, nitrogen application affected the grain moisture content of corn at and after physiological maturity, however, the difference in grain moisture content among different nitrogen application rates was small. These results suggest that the effect of nitrogen application on the moisture content of corn grains should not be considered in agricultural production.

The accurate determination and estimation of grain moisture content is important for maize (Zea Mays L.) production, processing and drying studies. However, different drying procedures are often adopted by different operators to determine the grain moisture content, making it difficult to compare results with each other. In this study, different drying temperatures and times were used to create different drying conditions, and the differences in the estimated grain moisture content of maize were analysed. The results showed that, compared to the standard system, an insufficient drying temperature and time contributed to a lower apparent moisture content of maize grain, but the low drying temperature could be compensated by a longer drying time, and vice versa. Additionally, a correction method for maize grain moisture content was built. This method can correct the apparent moisture content (nonstandard system) under different drying procedures to the specified standard system, and the accuracy of model validation and the stability of deviation are very satisfactory. This method is very suitable for the rapid conversion of the grain moisture content of maize between different drying methods. It is especially helpful for re-evaluating the differences and controversies of some conclusions caused by different drying procedures adopted by different researchers, and provides a reference method for moisture content correction of other foods and cereals.

The article examines the results of the ecological testing of maize hybrids (FAO 300-399), created in different selective centers of Russia. The volume of nursery ecological testing of hybrids varied in the range of 15-30 titles. Plot area 14.8 m2. The plant density for harvesting in the Saratov region is 45 thousand plants / ha. Repetition three times. The cultivation technique is zonal. The hydrothermal coefficient during the growing season varied from 0.32 to 1.1. The amplitude of variation of the parameters of maize hybrids in the years of research was: plant height - 149.1 ... 268.1 cm; the height of the cob is 37.8 ... 106.0 cm; grain yield - 1.13 ... 8.69 t / ha; harvest moisture content of grain - 9.21 ... 46.85%; the protein content in the grain is 7.16 ... 13.83%. Insignificant coefficients of skewness (As) and kurtosis in most years of research characterize the samples of hybrids as corresponding to the normal distribution. As a result of the research, it has been established that, in terms of grain yield of corn hybrids, hybrids created at the FGBNU «NСZ im. P.P. Lukyanenko», which also feature increased grain moisture during harvesting. Lower costs for drying grain will be required for the cultivation of hybrids Ak – OOO «Agroplasma», OOO «Pioneer Hi-Brad Rus», FGBNU «NСZ im. P.P. Lukyanenko»

Moisture plays a vital role in several aspects of storage, drying, processing of grains and to understand the properties of grains. In general, the moisture content in grains can be measured by direct and indirect methods. Schematically, the former includes gravimetric method whereas the latter comprises resistance, capacitance-based measurements. Also, the direct method has been proved to be more time-consuming in comparison to the indirect one. Apart from these methods, calorimetry based measurements, the Karl Fischer method, is restricted to their laboratory research purpose and is not being used in industries for real-time measurement. In this article, a new capacitance-based method for grain moisture measurement has been developed which relies upon the integration of IC555 timer. The experimental findings revealed that with an increase in mean frequency value from 343310.04 to 355271.16, the capacitance values dropped from 2.03446369 to 1.9678978 respectively and these results have proved to be economical and reliable in terms of providing a promising relationship between the grain moisture content and capacitance of the circuit in further investigation. The effectiveness of the developed method was corroborated by comparing the results with the resistance measurement method.

Moisture content is an important index to assess the grain quality and food processing conditions. A measurement system based on the traveling–standing microwave attenuation method is designed for a fast and nondestructive grain moisture content determination. The proposed system consists of a microwave cavity oscillator, microwave transmitting and receiving horn antennas, microwave detector, slide rail, sample container, weight sensor, temperature sensor, and controller. The traveling–standing wave caused by free space microwave multiple reflection is discussed. The moisture content calibration functions eliminated the interference of bulk density and temperature are proposed based on the attenuation of the maximum field strength of the transmission traveling–standing wave. The moisture content of rice, which ranges from 10.75% to 27.62%, is obtained with a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.586% and a coefficient of determination ( R2) of 0.988, whereas the moisture content of corn, which ranges from 7.72% to 24.46%, is obtained with a SEP of 0.340% and R2 of 0.991. The main results might provide technical support for the development of accurate and intelligent grain quality detection equipment.

The influence of hydrothermal treatment (grain moistening) and dehulling duration on the yield and quality of groats from different fractions of triticale grain was studied. Comparative analysis of groats yield and its culinary quality at different grain moisture, depending on its fractions, was performed. The degree of the influence of the studied factors on the yield and quality of triticale groats was determined. The influence of dehulling duration, the size of a triticale caryopsis and grain moisture content is reliable. These factors significantly influenced the groats yield and quality. In addition, the influence of the duration of grain dehulling was the highest. The highest groats yield was obtained at the dehulling duration of 20s, the lowest – at dehulling for 180s. The social survey was conducted and the main priorities for buyers of cereal products were established. It was proved that while choosing food, consumers pay the most attention to culinary characteristics of the finished product. It was established that it is optimal to dehull triticale grain for 100s. The application of such parameters of treatment makes it possible to obtain the yield of whole groats of 88.8% with the culinary quality of 6.7points. The groats quality meets the requirements of DSTU 76992015 "Wheat Groats. Technical specifications". Based on the research, it was established that the separation of the triticale grain into fractions that differ in their geometric properties, in particular, thickness, is effective. The peculiarities of groats yield, depending on the triticale grain fraction, were determined. Application of hydrothermal treatment of triticale grain (moistening up to 14.0%) makes it possible to increase the groats yield up to 88.7%. The treatment of the fractions with grain thickness less than 2.4mm ensures the groats yield up to 87.8%. The groats yield during dehulling the grain, which has a thickness of more than 2.4mm, is from 88.8 to 89.1%. To produce the groats from triticale grain, it is advisable to use the grains that have a thickness of 2.8mm or more. The optimum duration of dehulling is 100s. To increase the overall culinary assessment by 1point, it is recommended to increase the duration of dehulling a large grain up to 140s. This method differs from the classical one by the fact that it uses a large grain fraction with the lower moisture content. The developed recommendations can be used by grain processing enterprises during processing triticale with the view to intensifying the production

Some of the physical properties of the new rice drought variety (Sakha 107) in terms of principle dimensions (length, width, thickness), coefficient of contact surface and shape index-k were measured and calculated at four levels of grain moisture content (14.15, 15.11, 16.09, and 18.04%, w.b). The crack, head rice yield, broken grain percentages and whitening degree were also determined in term of milling quality at the same levels of grain moisture content and compared to the common rice variety Giza 177. The results of this study showed that, length, width and thickness of the new rice drought variety (Sakha 107) increased linearly with the increasing of grain moisture content, while, shape index-k and coefficient of content surface decreased generally with the increasing of grain moisture content. For the rice milling quality, the head rice yield and degree of whitening increased with the decreasing of rice moisture content and the broken rice percentage increased with the increasing the rice moisture content for both rice varieties Sakha 107 and Giza 177. In general, the data obtained from this study could help the designers and operators who deal with this new rice variety.

HighlightsA novel measuring device was developed for the propagation constant of acoustic waves in grain.Increase in moisture of wheat from 1.1% to 7.8% (wet basis) decreased the wave velocity and increased the attenuation coefficient.Increase in moisture of wheat from 7.8% to 21.2% increased the wave velocity and decreased the attenuation coefficient.Using the Johnson-Champoux-Allard (JCA) model and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, the influence of moisture on the pore structure in wheat was characterized.Abstract. Acoustic methods have been widely used for the measurement of grain moisture content and temperature as well as for detecting the presence of insects in grain. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the influence of wheat moisture content on acoustic wave propagation characteristics. A novel device was developed for measuring the acoustic wave propagation constant. The propagation constants of 12 samples of wheat were measured, with each sample having a different moisture content in the range from 1.1% to 21.2% (wet basis). The results showed that the acoustic wave velocity decreased slightly with an increase in moisture from 1.1% to 7.8%, while the attenuation coefficient increased slightly. When the moisture increased from 7.8% to 21.2%, the velocity increased gradually, while the attenuation coefficient decreased. A quadratic equation described the results well. In addition, a Johnson-Champoux-Allard (JCA) model was adopted to study the influence of moisture on the pore structure of wheat samples. With the increase in moisture from 1.1% to 21.2%, the average radius of interconnection between two adjacent pores decreased from 0.275 to 0.262 mm at moisture below 7.8% and then increased to 0.304 mm, and the average radius of the pores decreased from 0.773 to 0.481 mm at moisture below 7.8% and then increased to 1.2 mm. Keywords: Acoustic standing wave tube, JCA model, Moisture content, Propagation constant, PSO algorithm, Wheat.

This paper aimed at providing popping characteristics of different red and white sorghum genotypes according to different moisture content at traditional methods of popping using high temperature for a short time (HTST). To increasing grain moisture level, seven sorghum genotypes - mutant and hybrid lines (M1(6282), 16113, 16121, 1641, 1643, 1651, 1673) were soaked to 0, 60, 120 and 180 min in distilled water. The popping rate and expansion ratio were recorded. The results showed that conventional method of popping is a good main to produce pops sorghum after increasing moisture of grains. Moistening of grains from 13-16 % increased 5.3-10.2% popping rate of all sorghum genotypes. The mutant line M1(6282) with red coloration of pericarp had the highest popping rate and expansion ratio at 16% moisture i.e. 85% and 3.88 %, respectively. There was correlation between diameter of grains and parameters expansion ratio (from 0.604 to 0.724), popping rate (from 0.815 to 0.878) and moisture grains (from 0.815 to 0.878).

The article considers the change in chemical and biological characteristics in some legumes grains, under conditions of high-temperature micronization with different moisture contents during heat treatment with infrared rays. The heat treatment of grains was carried out on a laboratory apparatus with a quartz radiant infrared panel. The temperature variation in the heat treatment zone occurred due to changing the distance between the panel and the surface of grains. The grain temperature was determined using a laser thermometer, and with a timer. To determine chemical and biological characteristics, we used a special optical density metering device. We have studied: 1. The dependence of starch content on the temperature in the changing initial moisture content. We found that after 30 seconds of high-temperature micronization of, “Tsanava“ beans at a grain moisture content of 12.7%, the starch content in the grain increases from 39.65% to 40.12%, then gradually decreases, and at 18.3% moisture content, it increases from 38.71% to 41.2%, with a moisture content of 28.6% it increases from 37.36% to 42.42%. Similar processes are also observed for the beans “field red“ and “white lupine“; 2. The dependence of glucose content on the temperature in the changing initial moisture content. As the mass fraction of starch decreases, the percentage of sugar (in terms of the equivalent amount of glucose) at a moisture content of 12.7% at the initial stage increases from 1.36% to 1.46%, and then the percentage of sugar increases relatively quickly to 1.64%, at a moisture content of 18.3% it increases from 1.3% to 1.38%, and then increases to 1.51, with a moisture content of 28.6%, it increases from 1.28% to 1.35% and then increases to 1.54. Similar processes are also observed for the beans “field red“ and “white lupine“.

This paper presents an IoT sensing system for agricultural applications, which can monitor at real time the moisture content of grains stored in silo bags located in remote locations thus allowing to avoid costly grain losses and to optimize the logistics of post-harvesting operations. The system comprises a customized gateway that collects the sensor data and sends it to a satellite network as well as multiple sensing units, which can measure both the grain moisture content with a resolution of 0.1% and the air temperature and air humidity inside the silo bags that are used together to assess the quality and condition of grains. The details about the modeling, design and fabrication of the proposed system together with the experimental results obtained during field tests are reported.

Post-harvest storage of wheat in grain storage bags is commonly adopted practice in many developing countries, which offers a viable chemical-free approach to control storage insects. The damage potential of Tribolium castaneum in wheat grains stored in different storage bags at various storage periods was studied. A highly significant effect (P

Diyarbakır ili, Karacadağ yöresi ülkemizin için önemli çeltik üretim bölgelerinden birisidir. Bölgedeçeltik tarımında mekanizasyon uygulamaları oldukça yenidir. Bu yüzden biçerdöverle yapılan hasattaürün kayıpları yüksektir. Çalışmanın temel amacı Karacadağ yöresinde biçerdöverle yapılan çeltikhasat-harmanında kullanılan tahıl biçerdöverinin neden olduğu dane kayıpları, nedenleri ve azaltmayollarını ortaya koymaktır. Denemeler bir üreticiye ait Karacadağ beyaz çeltik çeşidinin ekili olduğutarlada üç farklı dönemde; üç farklı tane nem içeriğinde ( % 22.10, 24.81 ve 28.81 ürün nem içeriğinde),üç farklı biçerdöver ilerleme hızında (1.6 km h-1, 3.2 km h-1ve 4.8 km h-1) ve dört farklı batör devrinde(600, 700, 800 ve 900 min-1) yürütülmüştür. Denemelerde NEW HOLLAND TC 56 marka biçerdöverkullanılmıştır. Yapılan varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre seçilen bağımsız parametrelerin tanekayıplarına etkisinin önemli olduğu bulunmuştur (p

The rapid increase of the overall grain production of Argentina resulted with a storage capacity deficit in permanent structures of 40-50 million tons, and this context favored the rapid adoption of the silo bag technology. Silo bag allows differing grain selling from harvest time, taking advantage of the seasonal price changes and, hence, improving farmers? income. However, storing grain in silo bag could be risky if inadequate planning, handling or monitoring is implemented. Thus, the objective of this article was to develop a prediction model for soybean losses in silo bag storage based on monitoring CO2 concentration and other sensible variables. During 2013, an experiment was conducted in 13 soybean silo bags placed at farms and grain elevators in Balcarce area, South East of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, since Mayto December. Grain samples were collected and grain quality was evaluated. Storage variables, such as moisture content and interstitial atmosphere gas composition were also recorded, and at the end of storage, physical grain losses were quantified for each silo bag (kg of spoiled grain not commercialized).The results showed that there was not generalized quality loss in any silo bag, but localized losses were observed. These losses occurred due to water entrance in the silo bag through openings which resulted in spoiled grain from 140 to 4320 kg, representing from 0.07% to 2.16% in a 200 ton silo bag. Next, a correlation to predict grain losses was developed, which considered grain moisture and a predictor related to the CO2 concentration at the silo bag closing end as independent variables. This correlation explained 73% of the grain losses variability, allowed to model different levels of losses, and was consistent with biological concepts. Fil: Taher, Hernán Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina Fil: Urcola, Hernan Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Área de Investigación en Agronomía; Argentina Fil: Cendoya, María Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina Fil: Bartosik, Ricardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Área de Investigación en Agronomía; Argentina

The new and complete scientific knowledge and information on the physical and mechanical characteristics and morphological traits of the ear of plants are necessary to design and develop less energy-intensive and less injurious threshing methods. The purpose of the research is to establish a change in the coupling strengths of kernels and ear during a ripening period, taking into account the grain moisture and varietal characteristics of winter wheat. It was established that the maximum values of the coupling strengths of spikelet scales and kernels with an ear during the daytime were 17.84 N for the variety “Admiral” and 11.6 N for the variety “Luchezar”. The coupling strengths of kernels and ear and the force of kernel separation effort from the ear significantly depend on: 1) varietal traits of winter wheat (more than in 2 times); 2) humidity of plants during the period of ripening and harvesting time, depending on the variety from 30 to 100%; 3) changes in the moisture content of grain and an ear due to precipitation in 1.5–2.0 times.

In an effort to control the quality of corn, among others, it is determined based on the moisture content in the corn seeds so that the corn produced has a seed quality standard. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the water level of the seeds. Corn was tested by a tool made with standardization of the moisture content of corn seeds from the Agricultural Center using the PM-650 Grain Moisture Tester. The parameters tested were the moisture content of the corn seeds, the temperature of the storage containers, and the weight of the corn seeds. Based on the research that has been done, it can be seen that a capacitive sensor with a working principle such as a parallel plate capacitor as a tool for measuring the moisture content of corn seeds has a reading accuracy ratio with the PM-650 Grain Moisture Tester measuring instrument is 94.9%. The temperature in the storage container was around 23

The glass transition temperature (Tg) of a material is the range of temperatures where the transition between a glassy and a rubbery state occurs, producing changes that are reflected in its physicochemical properties. The objective of this research is to determine the glass transition curves (Tg vs. grain moisture content) of three Uruguayan rice varieties and assess whether there are significant differences among them. The influence of the harvest moisture content (HMC) is also evaluated. To do this, each rice sample is dried for different periods of time to obtain grain moisture contents (GMC) in a range between 10% and 22% (on a wet basis). The Tg is then measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results are compared by applying ANOVA and the Tukey test. It was observed that the Tg increases as GMC decreases for the three varieties studied. The glass transition curves show that there are significant differences among the three varieties in the range of GMC going from 12% to 16%. The HMC did not affect the Tg in the range studied. The results obtained can be applied to optimize the rice drying process, minimizing the formation of fissures.

Green gram is extremely vulnerable to insect attack during storage. Hermetic storage provides an important insect management strategy. We have conducted laboratory studies using hermetic bags like PICS®, Grain Pro®(GPB), SaveGrain®(SGB), Ecotact bags®(EHB), and conventional storage bags like White Polypropylene (WPB) and Jute Bags (JB). The insect used for the study was Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis). Variables like moisture content, damaged grains, weight loss, and grain color were observed to assess the impact of storage for six months in the said bags. There is reduction in oxygen level for all hermetic bags under infested condition (6.4%) and non-infested (7.0%) condition from initial level of 20%. The grain moisture content and grain weight loss due to damaged caused by insects increased in WPB and Jute bags, but remains unchanged in hermetic bags. There was a significant (F6,14 = 2164; p

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the decrease in grain moisture content in three maize hybrids in Debrecen in 2017. Armagnac, Sushi and Loupiac were the examined hybrids in this study. The culture medium and temperature conditions were applied uniformly for all three hybrids. According to the results obtained from the ratio of moisture content of seeds per day, the Armagnac variety in the intensive drying down phase loses more time and moisture content, so it can be concluded that the produced dry matter is more than in the case of other varieties. Armagnac requires more time to achieve yield, while the Sushi and Loupiac hybrids produce less harvest. Regarding the slope of the regression line, the rate of loss of moisture in the grain has been negatively correlated with the amount of “b” in the three examined hybrids. In regression analysis, the coefficient of explanation showed that the effect of day in the Armagnac was 97% in the Loupiac, 95% and in the Sushi 90% of the total dynamic value of moisture motion.

1. This study assessed the impact of drying temperature (54, 90, and 130°C) and maize grain moisture content at harvest (36% and 29%) on in vitro digestibility, the growth performance and ileal digestibility of broiler chickens. 2. In contrast to the results from the in vitro digestibility, apparent ileal digestibility of starch and energy decreased when the drying temperature was raised from 54 to 130°C, and this effect was more pronounced in maize grain harvested at high initial moisture content (36%). Ileal protein digestibility of maize grain decreased significantly when dried at the intermediate temperature (90°C) and with a high harvest moisture content (36%). Drying temperature and initial moisture content did not significantly affect AMEn. 3. When maize was dried at 130°C, the particle sizes of flour recovered after standard milling procedures decreased significantly, which would influence animal growth performance and in vivo digestibility through animal feed selection.

Para definir un procedimiento para evaluar expansión de grano de amaranto, se establecieron tres experimentos. El primero, para optimizar el método de determinación de humedad en grano en estufa de secado. El segundo para definir la factibilidad de modificar el contenido de humedad a 12, 14 y 16%, por efecto de cantidad de agua y tiempo de acondicionamiento. El tercero fue determinar el volumen de expansión del grano por tamaño de muestra (15 y 30 g) y humedad (10, 12, 14 y 16%). El tratamiento que mejor funcionó para la determinación de humedad de grano fue el de 2 g de muestra, 2 h de secado a 130 °C. Es posible modificar y ajustar el contenido de humedad de grano adicionando agua. No se observó efecto en el contenido de humedad por los diferentes tiempos de acondicionamiento. Los contenidos de humedad con los que se obtuvo mayor volumen de reventado fue de 12 y 14%. No existieron diferencias significativas en el volumen de reventado de grano en muestras de 15 y 30 gramos.

The selection of the appropriate harvest time and moisture content (MC) is very important for maize (Zea Mays L.) production, and selection is an essential step that balances the yield and comprehensive benefits. In this study, the process and final MC following a grain dry-down of sixteen maize hybrids was observed in 2017 and 2018. The Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) model, which is commonly used to describe the equilibrium moisture content (Meq) under controlled conditions, was used to evaluate the relationship between the field Meq and the final MC. The results showed that the MC reached a stable level after a long dry-down period in the field, indicating that an equilibrium was present between the grain and the atmosphere. The MC at the equilibrium state represented two characteristics, a “hysteresis effect” and a “convergence effect”, which were as follows: the change in MC always lagged behind the Meq in the atmosphere; and the MC fluctuated continuously with the Meq but could not reach its limit. The time of the “hysteresis effect” was estimated to be approximately 2-4 days. The time to reach equilibrium varied greatly in different maize hybrids, and it was related to the growth period and dry-down characteristics. Moreover, the various climatic types contributed to diverse Meq values, and the humid climate had a higher Meq than the dry-cold climate. The distribution of Meq values and the drying days on which the maize grain moisture content decreased from 30% to 25% (and 20%), guided the threshold for the delayed harvest of maize, as also estimated in various maize ecological areas in China. The optimal harvest time were significantly different in various regions due to different Meq values. Therefore, we suggest that the estimation of the Meq could be an important indicator for predicting the grain dry-down and harvest management strategies for a region.

The focus of this study were to investigate patterns between wall pressures and stresses with grain moisture of soybean and rice varieties widespread cultivated in Turkey in order to determine needed designing parameters for structure analysis in silos at filling and discharge. In this study, the wall pressures and stresses were evaluated as a function of moisture contents in the range of 8-14% and 10-14% d.b. The pressures and von Mises stresses affected as significant by the change of grain moisture content. The main cause of pressure and stress drops is changed in bulk density. Therefore is extremely important bulk density and moisture content of the product at the structural design of the silos. 4 mm wall thickness, were determined to be safe for von Mises stresses in both soybean and rice silos is smaller than 188000 kPa.

To maintain grain quality and prevent loss, effective storage systems are required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of storage duration (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360 days) and temperature (4, 10, and 25 °C) on proximate and nutritional components, and color properties of Mint Vanilla and Titicaca quinoa varieties. The results showed that the increase in storage duration and temperature leads to changes in the grain moisture, protein and ash contents, nutritional component and color properties. There was an increase in ash content at 25 °C, moisture content at 10 and 25 °C, and protein content at 4 °C in the stored grains compared with the grains on the initial of storage for Mint vailla variety. Whereas, there was an decrease in ash and protein content for all the temperature at the end of 360 days storage for Titicaca variety. Overall, there was a decrease (except Fe, Zn, Co, Ni, Cd and Pb) in the nutritional component of both quinoa varieties. L∗, H° and WI values decreased, and a∗, b∗ and C∗ values increased as a function of storage duration and temperature and showed some temperature-dependent degradation for both quinoa varieties.

The quality of maize offered for sale in West African public markets was evaluated by analysing 281 samples collected in 24 markets in Benin, Togo, Ghana and Burkina Faso from February to March 2014. Grain moisture content ranged from 8.5 to 14.4 percent (wt/wt), while extraneous matter content ranged between 0.0 and 2.0% and the proportion of mouldy grains between 0.0 and 0.6%. Insect pest infestations were noted in about one-fourth of the samples with Sitophilus sp., Cryptolestes ferrugineus Stephens, Tribolium sp. and Prostephanus truncatus Horn found at densities varying between 0 and 2.4 individuals per 500 g of grain. Aflatoxin levels exceeding the accepted USA standard of 20 ppb were recorded in only 4.6% of the samples across the four countries. In most locations, grain moisture was within the acceptable range for aflatoxin- and insect-safe storage of maize using hermetic technology such as PICS bags.

Field trials were conducted in small-scale farmers' grain stores in an aflatoxin endemic region to assess the effect of storing maize in triple layer hermetic (PICS™) bags on aflatoxin contamination. Shelled maize grain was purchased from farmers, and filled into PICS bags, woven polypropylene (PP) and jute bags and kept in the farmers' own stores for 35 weeks. Grain moisture content, total mould count and mould incidence levels were examined at onset and after every 7 weeks during the 35 weeks of storage. Aflatoxin contamination was examined at onset, and after 14, 28 and 35 weeks. Ambient temperature and r.h. in the trial site and in all the bags, as well as oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the PICS bags were also monitored. Initial moisture content (m.c.) of maize varied from farmer to farmer and ranged between 12.4 and 15.0%. The m.c. of maize stored in PICS bags remained significantly higher (P 14% increased profusely in the three types of bags. Our findings demonstrate that storing maize in PICS bags can prevent accumulation of aflatoxin in rural farmers' stores if grain moisture is

On-farm trial with a total of 32 farmers in eight villages of Naivasha and Nakuru areas of Kenya was conducted between December 2013 and September 2014 to evaluate hermetic grain storage technologies under farmers' management conditions. The storage technologies evaluated were metal silo and SuperGrain IV-R bag alongside the standard woven polypropylene bag with or without Actellic super dust. Moisture content, insect population, grain discoloration, and weight loss were analyzed 90, 180, and 270 d after storage. Grain moisture content remained stable over the storage period. Both metal silo and SuperGrain IV-R bag suppressed insect population, prevented grain loss and cross-infestation of insects from the surrounding environment. On the contrary, polypropylene bags allowed rapid build up of insect population and re-infestation from the surrounding environment. Grain weight losses were 1.5% in the metal silo and 1.8% in the SuperGrain IV-R bags compared to 32% in the polypropylene bags without Actellic Super dust, 270 d after storage. The present study, therefore, demonstrates that storing grains either in metal silo or SuperGrain IV-R bags would benefit farmers in reducing grain losses and improving quality. The study was of great interest to the farmers, grain storage scientists, and food security experts.

Falling number (FN) of wheat grain, a measure of preharvest sprouting, tends to increase during storage; however, grain and storage conditions that impact FN changes are poorly understood. Wheat grain samples of varying FN from several cultivars were obtained by artificial sprouting, by incubating wheat stalks, or directly from the field and were used to determine the effects of cultivar, storage temperature, grain moisture content, and initial FN on changes in FN and α-amylase activity. Increases in FN of artificially sprouted grain during storage were affected by temperature but not evidently by grain moisture in the range of 10.0–13.0%. The FN of artificially sprouted grain increased when stored at 5, 23, and 35°C for 20 weeks by averages of 9.4, 24.1, and 34.4, respectively. The influences of storage temperature and initial FN of grain obtained from incubated stalks were different between cultivars when stored for 8 weeks. Wheat grain obtained directly from the field also exhibited significant increas...

Эксперименты для выяснения совместного влияния стимулирующих факторов на семена основной зерновой культуры России и Казахстана — пшеницы — очень актуальны как для ученых-теоретиков, так и для производственников-товаропроизводителей. Проведен опыт, раскрывающий закономерности развития корней и ростков яровой мягкой пшеницы шести сортов под действием СВЧ-обработки и первоначальной влажности зерна. Объектом исследований служили шесть сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы разных групп спелости, выращиваемых в Казахстане. Семена пшеницы перед проращиванием обрабатывали на установке Panasonic NN-SM330WZPE мощностью 1,2 кВт и частотой 2,45 ГГц. Опытные варианты подвергали воздействию ЭМП СВЧ в течение 5, 10 и 15 с; контрольный вариант не обрабатывали. Перед обработкой ЭМП СВЧ семена предварительно увлажняли до 18, 22, 26 и 30 %. Показано, что высокая влажность обрабатываемого электромагнитным полем зерна — 30 % — негативно сказывается не только на развитии корней и ростков ювенильных растений пшеницы, но и на жизнеспособности семян в целом, как и высокая экспозиция СВЧ-обработки — 15 с, которая оказывает более значительное влияние на рост органов ювенильных растений пшеницы, нежели первоначальная влажность обрабатываемого зерна. Отмечена значительная сортовая специфика ответных реакций яровой мягкой пшеницы на одновременное воздействие двух факторов — сверхвысокочастотной обработки и влажности семян. В целом по всем сортам более благоприятными режимами для развития корней признаны следующие: влажность зерна 18 % и экспозиция СВЧ-обработки 5 с; для развития ростков — соответственно 18 и 26 %, а также 5 с.

When the electrical properties of materials are well correlated with other properties or characteristics of those materials that are important, it is often possible to use properly designed instruments for rapidly measuring those nonelectrical properties of interest. This may be accomplished by the use of electric fields in sensing the electrical properties of the material and then obtaining estimates of the nonelectrical properties through appropriate correlations. In the agricultural and food industries, these kinds of measurements have been used for many years for rapid determination of moisture content in grain and seed. Research has been conducted seeking useful correlations between quality attributes of other food materials and their electrical properties, but they have generally been less successful than the determination of moisture content. In this article, an overview of the historical development of such measurement methods and techniques is presented with respect to grain and seed and other agricultural products and food materials. The article covers use of electrical resistance or conductance of grain samples, radio-frequency capacitance measurements, and microwave measurements of dielectric properties for sensing the moisture content of grain and seed. It deals with the principles involved rather than descriptions of specific instruments that have been developed for rapid measurement of grain and seed moisture content.

In the current work, we correlate previously reported data for stored-product beetle populations in three silos from Central Greece, with the respective grain moisture content, temperature and bulk density. The insect numbers were obtained by the use of grain trier samples, and grouped in three zones, the central zone, the median zone and the edge zone, corresponding to the areas close to the center of the bulk, the intermediate area and the peripheral area, close to the walls. On each sampling date and location, there were measurements of moisture content, temperature and bulk density. In general, despite variations among silos, the central zone was warmer, drier and had lower bulk density levels than the other zones. Moreover, the previously reported data for beetle populations indicated that more insects were found in the central zone. Moisture content, temperature and bulk density were well correlated, but none of these parameters were correlated well with insect numbers. The results of the present work suggest that there are simultaneous and associated changes with these three parameters during the storage period, but these changes cannot be used accurately as predictors of insect infestation patterns and distribution. Hence, using these factors as insect density predictors is a complex phenomenon with multiple interactions with stored product insect biological and behavioral parameters.

Excessive grain loss is still a persistence problem in mechanised rice harvesting using combine harvester in Malaysian paddy fields. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop a model for predicting the effect of some operational parameters on grain loss during mechanised harvesting operation. Three operational parameters that always associated with grain loss were measured through direct field measurements on the daily harvesting operations in the sampled rice granaries. The measured parameters included field speed of combine harvester, grain moisture, and soil moisture contents. Regression and correlation analyses were employed to develop the model estimation. The results of the predictive model exposed the fitted model with a strong relationship between associated variables and established the measured parameters to determine the grain loss. The findings would be beneficial in assisting the rice farmers to predict grain loss during harvesting and minimise excessive grain loss in mechanised harvesting operations in Malaysia.

Resumen En Venezuela, el maíz es el cereal de mayor importancia alimentaria. Cada año se cultivan cientos de miles de hectáreas de maíz blanco y amarillo, que son destinados en un alto porcentaje al procesamiento en la industria de alimentos para consumo humano y animal. En las principales zonas productoras de maíz predomina la cosecha mecanizada, cuyos efectos y parámetros de eficiencia no están bien documentados. Con el propósito de suplir esta carencia, se determinaron los efectos de la cosecha mecanizada sobre parámetros de calidad del grano en híbridos comerciales y experimentales de maíz, en localidades de los estados Portuguesa y Yaracuy, Venezuela, durante el ciclo de lluvias 2016. Se examinaron el contenido de humedad, las impurezas (IMPZ), y los atributos de calidad del grano, granos partidos (GPAR), granos con germen dañado (GGRD) y granos dañados por microorganismos (GDMO). Los contenidos de humedad a la cosecha (16,8% ± 1,7 en cultivares amarillos y 20,9% ± 1,1 en cultivares blancos) y de IMPZ (0,3% ± 0,3 en cultivares amarillos y en cultivares blancos), se ubicaron por debajo del límite tolerado para su uso en la industria (24% de humedad y 5% de impurezas). La cosecha mecanizada tuvo efectos sobre los atributos de calidad del grano evaluados, tanto en híbridos amarillos como en blancos. La cosecha mecánica tuvo su mayor impacto sobre los atributos de los granos partidos (GPAR) y los granos dañados por microorganismos (GDMO), y pudo afectar la inocuidad de la materia prima y la clasificación del lote de granos para el procesamiento industrial. Abstract In Venezuela, maize is the most important cereal for food safety. Each year, thousands of hectares are cultivated with white and yellow maize, which in a high percentage are destined to food processing industry for human and animal consumption. The major maize-producing areas are dominated by mechanical harvesting, whose effects and parameters of efficiency are not well documented. In orther to reduce this lack, a research was conducted in Portuguesa and Yaracuy States, Venezuela, during 2016 rainfall season, to determine the effects of mechanical harvesting on grain quality parameters of commercial and experimental maize hybrids.. Moisture content, foreign materials (IMPZ), and grain quality indicators as broken grains (GPAR), kernel with damaged germ (GGRD), and kernel damage caused by microorganisms (GDMO) were assessed. Grain moisture content at harvest (16,8% + 1,7 for yellow hybrids and 20,9% + 1,1 for white hybrids), and IMPZ (0,3% + 0,3 for yellow hybrids and 0,3% + 0,3 for white hybrids) were under the tolerance limit for industry (24% for moisture content and 5% for impurities). The mechanical harvesting had effects on grain quality parameters evaluated, in both white hybrids and yellow hybrids, showing its great impact in broken grains (GPAR) and kernel damages caused by microorganisms (GDMO), also affecting innocuousness and the grain ranking for industrial processing.

— This study explored experimentally the use of vertical and horisontal position of cylindrical drying chamber dryer Fluidzed Deep against temperature distribution, humidity, drying rate, decreasing grain water level, and decreasing grain mass. The method used in this research is design and experiment. This machine uses a burning furnace as a heat source,sengon/ albasia wood as fuel, flat plate type heat exchanger, cyclone to convert wet vapor to dry vapor, filter to dry vapor cleaner, cylindrical drying chamber, blower to blow air, and Jig to support all components. This experiment was carried out three times for the drying chamber in a vertical position, and three times for the drying chamber in a horisontal position. In one drying time, it takes about 270 minutes. In the drying chamber measured temperature and humidity at 12 points of measurement. The results showed that the horisontal cylinder drying chamber produced higher temperature distribution than the vertical cylinder drying chamber, but the temperature distribution was less even, the vertical cylinder dryer produced lower humidity than the horisontal cylinder drying chamber, but resulted in higher deviation than the horisontal cylinder dryer. Drying rate, decrease in grain water content, average grain decrease on average faster than horisontal cylinder. The process of reducing the grain moisture content from about 20% bb to a moisture content of dry milled grains of about 14% bb occurred for 270 minutes or about 4, 5 hours. Keyword: Experimental design; Fluized deep dryer; dryer efficiency

This experiment was conducted to determine the optimal harvesting time for barley and wheat grain for the production of fermented grain feeds, and to investigate their fermentation quality according to harvesting time. As a result, grain moisture content was decreased with late harvest, whereas spike weight ratio and 1000 grain weight were increased with prolonged period after heading. Grain yielding was increased with late harvesting time significantly at p

In the process of grain drying, the pressure of grain formation has a certain rule when the grains flow in the silo. In the project, we research on the method of the saturated pressure would measure grain moisture in the silo. The dynamic and static pressure is set up the simulation equation in the rectangular silo. We explore dynamic and static pressure change regularity and analysis the trend of the dynamic and static pressure with height in the rectangular silo.The results show that with the increase of filling height, dynamic and static pressure has gradually becoming saturated trend. At the same time, we study on the correlation between the saturated pressure and moisture content. When the grain reaches a certain height, the pressure achieves the ultimate value.

Dehulling of oat is difficult and inefficient process. Moisture content of grains is one of the most important factors that affects dehulling. Dehulling parameters of oat grains (OL-9) were studied by varying grain moisture contents at 10, 13, 16 and 19, percent. Dehulling was achieved using an indigenously developed small scale impact oat dehuller. Groat recovery (%) and dehulling efficiency (DHE) significantly (P≤0.05) increased as grain moisture was increased from 10 to 16 percent. However, broken content (%) significantly (P≤0.05) decreased as grain moisture was increased from 10 to 19 percent. Hence, 16 per cent grain moisture was considered optimum for impact dehulling of oat grains. Second order regression equations were developed to help relate grain moisture to various dehulling parameters.

According to the existing method including testing the frequency and establishing the relationship between moisture content and frequency, a corresponding instrument was designed. In order to further improve the accuracy and rapidity of the system, a new approach to describe the relationship between the measurement error and the temperature was proposed. The error band could be obtained and divided into several parts (based on the range of temperature) to indicate the error value that should compensate the grain moisture content for the changes in temperature. By calculating the error band at the maximum and the minimum operating temperatures, as well as by determining the error compensation value from the error band based on the measurement moisture content, the final effective result was derived.

The objective of this work was to study the ideal water content at grains at harvest of soybean crop, yield and production components as well as losses from natural drying in the field at different water contents at grains harvest. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with 4 repetitions and the treatments consisted in the harvest of the following average levels of water contents of grains on a wet basis: 37.9 (point of full physiological maturity), 20.2, 18.7, 15.6, 14.4, and 13.1%. The final population of plants, 100-kernel weight and potential yield of grains linearly decreased with the reduction of grain moisture content at harvest, however, the anticipation of the soybean harvest causes higher losses, with ideal harvesting point close to 13% moisture (W.B.).

This paper provides an automatic barn-entering system for grains. Based on the technologies of microwave and PLC, the system may detect the grain moisture on line and control the directions of grain flows on conveyor. For the flows with moisture below the specified threshold, the grains may be made their way into the barn, otherwise rechannel the direction automatically and not permitted into the barn.Thus can avoid effectively grains' from going mouldy due to the high moisture content.

After studying the relationship between the moisture content of crops and their relative permittivity, the principle of capacitive sensor and the research results of measuring micro-capacitance, this paper summarizes the theoretical basis of dielectric properties of grain, the dielectric properties of wheat, corn and rice, the relationship between the dielectric properties of these crops and their water content. With these theory analyses, the paper gives a full look on the grain moisture detection system by the means of dielectric properties, which consists of six parts, a cylindrical capacitor, signal conditioning circuits, single-chip control module with an A/D converter, temperature detection module, keyboard module and display module. The system is simple, and can adapt to extreme environment and accomplish the rapid detection in manufacturing. A description is given of the principle, its hardware circuit and software programming flow chart.

Experiments were carried out to derive aerodynamic analysis and evaluate the performance of a rice milling machine. Physical and engineering properties of grains under study have to be considered to study their effect on the performance of the milling machine. The performance of the milling machine was studied under the following parameters: feed rate, drum speed, concave clearance and seed moisture content. Performance evaluation of the machine was carried out in terms of overall machine efficiency, total grains losses, machine productivity, required power, specific energy and criterion cost. The experimental results reveal that the highest values of machine productivity and overall machine efficiency were 925 kg/h and 92.38%, while the lowest values of required power and specific energy were 9.2 kW and 11.95 kW.h/Mg, furthermore the lowest values of both operational and criterion costs were 9.15 L.E./ Mg and 48.05 L.E./ Mg, respectively. The optimum operating parameters of milling machine were found at 10 m/s air velocity by using 1.4 Mg/h feed rate with 10 mm concave clearance and 850 rpm drum speed at 16 % grain moisture content.

The effect of grain moisture content on toxicity of silica dust against adult populations ofProstephanus truncatus and Sitophilus zeamais was investigated at 8.6, 13.7, 14.1, 15.4 and 17% moisture content levels of maize grains. Concentration levels of 0.25 to 50 mg/50 g maize grains were tested against P. truncatus and 0.25 to 7 mg/50 g maize grains for S. zeamais. The LC50 of the silica dust increased with increase in moisture content. P. truncatus was more tolerant to silica dust at all levels tested ranging from 0.25 to 50 mg/50 g compared to S. zeamais with lower levels of 0.25 to 7 mg/50 g. Both insect species were able to survive at low moisture content level of 11% for 7 days with a survival rate of 89% for P. truncatus and 27% forS. zeamais without food indicating that mortality recoded was not influenced by relative humidity but silica dust activity. For P. truncatus, the highest mortality of 95% was at 8 mg/50 g and 13.6% grain moisture content whereas for S. zeamais the same was 96% at 2.25 mg/50 g and 8.6%. The results are discussed in relation to the possible use of silica dust for the control of the two insect species as an alternative to insecticides. Key words: Stored product insect pests, maize, relative humidity, silica dust, control.

A thin-wall steel can was filled with grain of barley and submerged into a water immersion unit containing hot water. The water immersion experiments and an inverse modeling method were used to derive the bulk thermal conductivity of barley (var. Mauritia ) dependent on the bulk temperature and grain moisture content. Arrhenius-type equation was applied to describe temperature and moisture content influence on barley bulk thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity increases with increasing moisture content and temperature and the values ranged from 0.124 to 0.155 W/m K. The results are of the same order as the published data received for varieties of barley different than those applied in the present study.

Moisture distribution in individual polished rice grains was observed during soaking by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal intensity profile (SI-profile) was generated from the MR image. The water penetration pattern during soaking roughly showed dissimilar trends between different varieties of japonica and japonica-indica hybrid rice. NMR signal intensity at the completion of water absorption varied within each grain; high at the periphery and the central region and low in the area between the periphery and the central region. High moisture content within the central region is due to loosely packed starch granules. The SI-profile was congruent for grains of the same variety harvested in different regions and years and characterized a grain moisture distribution for each variety. Moisture distribution was compared using SI-profiles for varieties with different amylose contents and new varieties bred for specific end-uses in Japan. The NMR signal intensity, which is related to the moisture content, at the surface of soaked grain was negatively correlated to the grain amylose content. The NMR signal intensities at the surface of soaked grain negatively correlated with the overall hardness of the cooked rice grain as measured by the single-grain low-high compression test.

Studies of grain drying with ozone-air mixture were carried out to detect the ozone penetration patterns through the grain mound of various moisture content (14.6 ≤w0≤ 23.0%) at different ozone concentrations (500 ≤C0≤ 1250 ppb) in the supplied air. The ozone penetration through the grain layer depends on the initial ozone concentration in the supplied air, ozonation time, velocity of the supplied air, height of the grain mound, initial grain moisture content and mycobiotic contamination of grain surface. It was determined that in a 60 cm height of the grain layer ozone is first recorded after 12 h, and at 105 cm – only after 34 h atw0= 19.0%,C0= 500 ppb. If the initial concentration of ozone is higher, it is first recorded sooner. Ozone penetration through the grain layer with higher moisture level is slower, and ozone reaction with grain surface and microflora present on it is longer. Hypothesis about the adequacy of the model (how it reflects the real process) has been verified by calculating reproduction and adequacy variance. The mathematical model could be applied for prediction of the course of grain ozonation process. Santrauka Grūdų džiovinimo ozono ir oro mišiniu tyrimai atlikti siekiant išaiškinti ozono skverbties per skirtingo drėgnio grūdų sampilą dėsningumus (14,6 ≤w0≤ 23,0%), esant skirtingoms ozono koncentracijoms (500 ≤C0≤ 1250 ppb) tiekiamame ore. Ozono skverbtis grūdų sluoksnyje priklauso nuo pradinės ozono koncentracijos tiekiamame ore, ozonavimo trukmės, tiekiamo oro greičio, grūdų sampilo aukščio, pradinio grūdų drėgnio ir jų paviršiaus mikobiotinio užterštumo. 60 cm grūdų sluoksnio aukštyje ozonas pradėtas fiksuoti po 12 h, o 105 cm – tik po 34 h, kaiw0= 19,0%,C0= 500 ppb. Padidinus pradinę ozono koncentraciją, ozonas pradedamas fiksuoti greičiau. Ozonuojant drėgnesnius grūdus, ozonas per jų sluoksnį skverbiasi lėčiau, vyksta ilgesnė jo reakcija su grūdų paviršiumi ir ant jų esančia mikroflora. Hipotezė apie modelio adekvatumą (kaip jis atspindi realų procesą) buvo patikrinta apskaičiavus reprodukcijos ir adekvatumo dispersijas. Sudarytas matematinis modelis gali būti taikomas grūdų ozonavimo procesui prognozuoti. Reikšminiai žodžiai:aplinkos procesų modeliavimas,grūdų sampilas,ozono skvarba

This research was conducted during spring and fall seasons, 2015 , at the fields of Field Crop Department – College of Agriculture –University of Baghdad . The objective was to study the effect of grain moisture at harvesting on some agronomic traits of the corn next generation , by using synthetic variety 5018 . In spring season 2015 , seeds of this variety was planted ,when moisture of the ear grains was (37-42%) , ten ears were harvested. Ear harvesting dates were performed manually when the grains had 37-42% , 34-36% , 30-33% , 25- 28% and 19-22% moisture content. In fall season 2015 , varietal trail was carried out to the five treatment materials , using Randomized Complete Bock Design , with four replicates. The results revealed , that non significant differences between treatments (19-22)% and (25-28)% , in all the studied traits . The plants grown from the seeds of (25-28)%, were produced highest vegetative mass (116.30 g.plant-1) , total dray matter (269 g. plant-1) and total dray matter ( 1.80 kg.m-2 ) . Highest grain yield ( 1.07 kg.m-2 ) and harvesting index ( 0.63) were produced from plants grown from seeds harvested with (19-22)% moisture content . It can be concluded that the best moisture contents of the grains for seed production was (19-28)%.

This study simulated 30 years of harvesting operations on an hourly basis with a harvesting model linked to a grain moisture model capable of predicting the moisture content of standing ripe wheat using historical weather data from Stockholm, Sweden, as input, in order to assess the effects of weather on cereal harvesting costs. Several combinations of harvester size and grain moisture ceiling were assessed on three cereal areas in terms of overall costs (machine + labour + timeliness + drying) and their annual variations. The main findings obtained by simulation and valid for regions with similar climate and agricultural conditions to the studied region were that: (a) available combining time was highly dependent on grain moisture ceiling, which showed large annual variation, e.g. a moisture ceiling of 21% (w.b.) was related to a potential harvesting time of 65% and a standard deviation of 24% ( n = 30 years); (b) in order to complete harvesting operations in most years, it was necessary to operate at a moisture ceiling of 22–24% (w.b.), however, the average moisture content of the harvested grain was much lower, about 17–18%; (c) overall harvesting costs were estimated at approx. €140 ha −1 for those systems performing relatively well, i.e. with a daily harvesting capacity of 4–5% of the cereal area and operating at a moisture ceiling of 22–24% (w.b.); and (d) the main sources of annual cost variation were firstly the timeliness costs and secondly the drying costs.

The effect of heat treatments (drying and hydrothermal treatment) on the extractability of salt-soluble protein (SSP) was assessed using Promatest methodology for corn kernels heated between 60 °C and 120 °C. During drying, the evolution of the grain moisture content is fitted using the analytical solution of Fick equation developed by Crank (1979) for spherical material. The decrease of extractible salt-soluble protein during heating is forecasted using a first and a second order ordinary differential equation. It was found that temperature; moisture content and time of processing greatly influence the kinetic denaturation of SSP of corn kernels. The evolution of extractible SSP content of corn kernels during drying at high temperature is more correctly described with second order kinetic than with the first order kinetic reaction. The Hunterlab color parameters of corn also vary during drying. Lightness and color intensity decrease while yellowness, redness, chroma and hue angle increase through drying time. Most of these Hunterlab color parameters are highly correlated with the salt-soluble proteins content and therefore could be used as indicators of excessive heat treatment and denaturation of salt-soluble proteins in corn kernels.