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The escalating use of glass in an ever-evolving world poses a waste management challenge, with glass waste contributing to non-biodegradable landfill growth. Recycling glass waste emerges as a viable solution, combating the need for additional landfills and the environmental repercussions. This study employs a scientometric and content analysis from the Scopus bibliometric database and explores the functional feasibility and performance characteristics of recycled glass waste (RGW) in sustainable concrete production. Results indicate that Asia dominates research contributions to RGW for concrete production compared to other continents. Glass-mixed concrete properties depend on glass type, particle size, shape, surface texture, replacement ratio, and curing age. The pozzolanic reactivity of recycled glass is correlated with its relative fineness. Finer glass particles were considered more suitable for use due to the enhanced alkali-silica interaction. Utilizing glass powder and fine aggregates improves mechanical properties, but high replacement levels could affect concrete strength development. Additionally, using RGA as a cement and fine aggregate replacement reduces concrete's thermal conductivity. This scientometric analysis not only aids in understanding a comprehensive overview of incorporating recycled glass waste into concrete production but also identifies knowledge gaps, guiding sustainable concrete research and development for addressing waste management challenges linked to the growing use of glass in our contemporary society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work was designed to incorporate glass waste as partial replacement of coarse aggregate in concrete through optimization of its amount by assessment of mechanical and environmental performances. Fresh and hardened properties of glass waste concrete were evaluated and compared with the conventional concrete. Moreover, compressive strength was evaluated experimentally as well as analytically at different ages. While, environmental performance was evaluated with an assessment of CO 2 footprint and volume utilization of raw materials for both types of concrete; conventional and glass waste concrete. Consequently, a sustainable concrete was selected that possesses high workability and mechanical performance, minimum CO 2 footprint and least utilization of conventional natural raw materials. For optimization, corresponding values of designed parameters were translated into a framework for glass waste management by application of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Similar prioritization for all types of mixtures was achieved through proposed framework by applying such multi criteria decision making techniques. Proposed framework may further be used for adjusting the priority weights for each criterion according to the requirement as well as for extended evaluation of additional criteria., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Glass is considered a sustainable material with achievable recovery rates within the EU. However, there are limited data available for construction glass waste management. Furthermore, glass is a heavy material, and considering the geographical limitations of Cyprus, the transportation trading cost within the EU is extremely high. Therefore, another method for utilizing this by-product should be developed. The aim of this research is to investigate the production of a low-cost, lightweight and fireproof material able to retain its structural integrity, using the geopolymerization method with the incorporation of randomly collected construction glass waste. The glass waste was initially processed in a Los Angeles abrasion machine and then through a Micro-Deval apparatus in order to be converted to a fine powder. Mechanical (compressive and flexural strength), physical (setting time and water absorption) and thermal properties (thermal conductivity) were investigated. The fire-resistant materials presented densities averaging 450 kg/m3 with a range of compressive strengths of 0.5 to 3 MPa. Additionally, a techno-economic analysis was conducted to evaluate the viability of the adopted material. Based on the results, the final geopolymer product has the potential to be utilized as a fire resistance material, preventing yielding or spalling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gamma shielding parameters of an admixture of waste borosilicate glass (BS) and geopolymer (GP) made from activated metakaolin are presented in the present study. The influence of the BS quantity on the density and different gamma shielding quantities is investigated over a wide gamma energy range. Four batches of the G-BS composite were prepared using the solid-state diffusion method, containing 0 (G), 10 % (G-10BS), 20 % (G-20BS), and 30 % (G-30BS) by weight of BS, respectively. The chemical compositions of the G-xBS samples were determined through X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. In addition, the density of the BS-doped geopolymers was determined using the liquid displacement method using deionized water as the displacement fluid. The theoretical determination of estimating shielding parameters began by estimating the mass (μ ρ) and linear (μ) attenuation coefficients of the geopolymers for photon energies in the range of 15 keV to 15 MeV using the XCOM data library. The B and Si content and density of the geopolymer samples increased as the BS weight proportion increased in the geopolymer. The values of the attenuation coefficients (ACs) decreased with energy. For μ, the decrease was from 9.1533 to 0.0355 cm−1, 6.7486 to 0.0374 cm−1, 10.2964 to 0.0396 cm−1, and 10.7722 to 0.0414 cm−1, while for μ ρ , it was 5.3217 to 0.0206 cm2 g-1, 5.3860 to 0.0206 cm2 g-1, 5.3627 to 0.0206 cm2 g-1, and 5.3594 to 0.0206 cm2 g-1, for G, G-10BS, G-20BS, and G-30BS, respectively. There are no significant differences between the photon energy absorption capacity of the geopolymers, especially at energies greater than 1 MeV. The photon buildup factors of the G-xBS samples have very close relative values with no clear order. The introduction of waste borosilicate glass is therefore a way of improving the photon attenuation capacity of geopolymer and, therefore, the potential of shielding applications of geopolymer-based concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research demonstrates changes in the behaviors and characteristics of sintered bricks while using industrial sludge ash (ISA) and waste glass (WG) as a replacement for clay in the brick manufacturing procedure. Owing to the limited amount of available land in Taiwan, it is becoming increasingly difficult to locate suitable sites for sanitary landfills, which is a common final disposal method for ash that is produced during thermal treatment in sludge factories. To meet the urgent need for land, the final waste disposal must convert this waste into a new resource. This research investigated the feasibility of using general industrial sludge ash waste, due to its abundance and high potential as a raw material in producing bricks. The result of this study shows that the bricks made from ISA and WG under a certain mixture proportion (ISA50%/WG40%/Clay10%) had excellent industrial potentials, such as compressive strength and water absorption rate. However, owing to the wide variety of components from different sources of ISA, the mixture proportion might vary accordingly. This study also analyzed the incineration index, proportion design, and process improvement, as well as investigating the possibility of increasing the total use of sludge ash as a resource. This study shows the potentials of utilizing wastes as raw materials in industrial manufacturing procedures. Therefore, more wastes can be tested and turned into resources in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal solid waste (MSW) characterization plays a pivotal role in devising effective waste management strategies conducive to fostering a circular economy. This study presents composition analysis across twenty-four subcategories sourced from residential, commercial, and industrial sectors in Kuwait. The study is conducted in accordance with the Standard Test Method for Determination of the Composition of Unprocessed Municipal Solid Waste (ASTM D5231). The results indicate that organic waste comprises 45.3%, followed by paper waste (19.9%) and plastics (19.8%). The remaining waste comprises glass waste (3.5%), diapers (2.7%), textiles (2.6%) and other waste. Paper waste (19.9%) consists mainly of mixed paper (12.1%), cardboard (3.7%), newspaper (3.3%), printer printouts (0.6%) and other office paper (0.2%). Plastic waste (19.8%) consists mainly of film (11.2%), PET (3.1%), HDPE (1.1%) and other mixed plastics (4.4%). Residential and mixed areas have the highest proportion of organic waste. Commercial areas produce the highest proportion of wastepaper (22.4%) and textiles (3.7%). Industrial areas produce the highest proportion of plastic waste (29.1%), most of which is film (17.3%). The study also provides an overview of the MSW management system in the country, an overview over the legislative framework, and forecasts of future waste generation rates with comparison to historical baselines. Implications: The precise and up-to-date characterization of municipal solid waste is imperative for scholarly journal submissions, as it establishes a foundational understanding of waste composition, aiding researchers and policymakers in the development of effective waste management strategies, resource recovery initiatives, and sustainable solutions to address the evolving challenges in waste management systems. This study provides detailed composition analysis for twenty-four municipal solid waste (MSW) subcategories collected across different sources: residential, commercial, industrial, and mixed areas. Time series forecasting is applied to predict MSW generation based on historical data obtained through the local municipality over the past decade. Factorial analysis is applied to investigate changes across source areas, and a hypothesis test is used to compare the current MSW composition against previous baselines. The results demonstrated significant variation across most waste categories. The plastic waste proportion has increased by 48.5% compared to 2013 data, despite awareness campaigns. Paper waste has also increased in proportion from 6.8% to 16.2%; this increase is associated with the mixed paper subcategory, which is mostly used for packaging. The composition data provided in this study are necessary for long-term monitoring, strategy assessment, and legislation associated with waste reduction and remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of industrial waste and by-products as a partial or total replacement of raw materials for the production of new materials has become an important part of waste management, which has given rise to innovative technologies that allow its application to be extended to the development of new products, thus contributing to less environmental pollution and the concepts of the circular economy. In recent years, waste vitrification technology has been considered an interesting alternative for treating of different waste to obtain glass and glass-ceramics. This manuscript conducted a review of research related to the production of dense glass- ceramics carried out between 1994 and 2019 years. Specifically, those that have used fly ash, granulated blastfurnace slag, and glass cullet wastes. The review reveals that considerable knowledge and experience have been accumulated in the process of transformation silicate-based wastes into a useful glass and glass-ceramic products with properties similar or even superior to those obtained from non-renewable raw material, opening up new fields of application in advanced ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study involves preparation of self-glazed ceramic tiles by utilizing soda-lime-silica waste glass (SLS). To investigate the effect of addition of SLS with the partial substitution of clay material, three batch compositions were prepared and subjected to seven different temperatures (1050 °C, 1075 °C, 1100 °C, 1125 °C, 1150 °C, 1175 °C, 1200 °C, 1225 °C). Linear shrinkage, glossiness, modulus of rupture, and water absorption of prepared samples showed different behavior at different temperatures. XRD, UTM, and SEM instruments were employed to characterize the developed sample as well as to determine the optimum conditions for the process. For batch 2, best results were observed with value of modulus of rupture 73.35 MPa at low sintering temperature (1100 °C). The obtained result clearly exhibited the efficacy of developed self-glazed ceramic tiles as a cost-effective product and solution to waste glass management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caring for the environment, in accordance with the principles of sustainable development, as well as the increase in the standard of living of society, introduces the need to conduct proper waste management. Construction is an industry with great potential for the management of glass waste as part of material recycling. The construction sector is characterized by high material consumption, with a limited amount of natural resources, meaning that research is constantly being performed on the possibility of replacing them with other common ingredients. A feature of the building materials industry is also the pursuit of continuous improvement of the properties of manufactured materials. The paper presents the research results on the impact of the partial replacement of Portland cement and aggregate with glass waste on strength parameters and frost resistance. For the purpose of experimental work, a concrete mix based on the C20/25 standard concrete with CEM I 42.5R Portland cement, in which from 0 to 20% of the cement or aggregate weight is replaced with glass waste (i.e., glass flour and glass cullet), is designed. In the test range, the glass flour slightly affected the deterioration of the compressive strength, while the glass cullet had no effect on the compressive strength after 56 days of maturation. Moreover, the addition of glass flour increases the bending strength, while the addition of glass cullet maintains a comparable bending strength compared to the reference concrete. The obtained concretes are frost-resistant concrete F150. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large quantities of waste glass are generated every year, and inappropriate disposal creates an increasing problem that needs to be addressed. This research aims to use glass waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregates in the preparation of concretes, to save natural resources and solve environmental pollution problems. Different mixes were produced by replacing fine aggregates with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 50% of waste glass. Concrete specimens of 0.15 m in diameter and 0,3 m in length were fabricated and tested in settling and compression strength. The experimental results indicated that the settling decreases with the increase of the percentage of glass. The best specimen (20% replacement) exhibited an increasing 5,5% in compressive strength. The assessment of economic and environmental aspects reveals that the same sample can provide 0,7% savings in cost and 6,4% in emitted carbon dioxide compared with traditional concrete. The results demonstrate that waste glass can replace fine aggregates to manufacture concrete. This approach offers an environmentally friendly solution to the ongoing problem of waste glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manufacturing waste has been quickly increasing over time as a result of the fast-rising population as well as the consumption of foods that are thrown away dishonestly, resulting in environmental contamination. As a result, it has been suggested that industrial waste disposal may be considerably reduced if it could be integrated into cement concrete manufacturing. The aim of this study is to analyze the properties of concrete employing waste glass (WG) as a binding material in proportions of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by weight of cement. The fresh property was assessed using a slump cone test, while mechanical performance was assessed using flexural, compressive, splitting tensile, and pull-out strength after 7, 28, and 56 days. Furthermore, microstructure analysis was studied by scan electronic microscopic (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) test. The results reveal that the addition of discarded glass reduces the workability of concrete. Furthermore, mechanical performance was increased up to a 20% substitution of waste glass and then gradually declined. Waste glass can be employed as a micro filler or pozzolanic material without affecting the mechanical performance of concrete, according to microstructure research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest to include waste glass in concrete can be ascribed to the growing need for waste disposal, as well as to minimize traditional raw material usage in concrete preparation. Glass waste has a direct effect on the properties in a fresh and hardened state; however, there are few reports that account for its effect on CO2 emissions. In this paper, a review of different reports that incorporate glass waste in replacement of aggregates or cement is presented and the estimation of CO2 emissions was made. The results show that the replacement of cement by glass waste generates a positive effect on strength and decreases carbon dioxide emissions, being greater the greater the cement replacement, a 20% reduction in CO2 emissions was found for a 20% replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solidification of nuclear waste has far-reaching developmental implications. Nuclear waste management is not only essential for the earth's ecological balance but also can address the increasing depletion of human exploitable resources in the future. Scientists are dedicated to finding a better solidification matrix and ensuring the sustainable development of the nuclear industry in search of alternative energy sources. The present work has fabricated a simulated nuclear waste form using a sintering process of diopside. The results have shown that the Fe element in diopside granite porphyry shows an impact on the amorphization process and mechanical properties of the final waste form. Moreover, the study finds a natural analog in the glassy bulk, i.e. (Ca 2 Nd 8 (SiO 4) 6 O 2 or (K, Na)Nd 9 (SiO 4) 6 O 2), which can solidify the simulated trivalent actinide of Nd3+. The FT-IR results suggested that the polymerization degree of glass components in waste form decreased initially and then increased with Nd 2 O 3 doping. Q 3 unit is considered to be a key component in the waste forms. Finally, the loading capacity of Nd 2 O 3 in waste form reached 19 wt.%. The waste form has the characteristics of glass-ceramics containing a silicate-apatite structure that is evenly distributed and has a quite considerable prospect for mechanical properties. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every year, millions of tonnes of glass waste pose terrible problems related to the environmental condition all over the world. The glass is mainly composed of silica. Its use in concrete could be a beneficial solution for the environment and also economic problems. In this mini review, the different possibilities of the valorization of glass waste by substitution of aggregates and cement in concrete have been explored. Its effects on the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics were examined in the main research in this direction. The use of waste glass in concrete can offer an improvement in concrete performance and an asset for participation in sustainable development by reducing this waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dokuz Eylul University Muhendislik Faculty of Engineering Journal of Science & Engineering / Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi is the property of Dokuz Eylul Universitesi Muhendislik Fakultesi Fen ve Muhendislik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Silica aerogels are excellent insulation materials, but they possess high embedded costs and their production includes many energy-intensive steps. A novel protocol developed to produce silica aerogel from waste soda lime glass via ambient pressure drying was assessed regarding sustainability. Upcycling waste materials and implementing a low-energy drying technique are aimed at increasing the sustainability of aerogels. This study presents a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of this process on a laboratory scale (reactor volume of 0.5 l) as well as on a modeled industrial scale (reactor volumes of 100 l and 1000 l). The environmental impacts associated with each scale, as well as with each step of the production, were calculated and summarized with an environmental cost indicator in euros for each process. Potential end-of-life scenarios were considered to explore waste treatment approaches. Results show that electricity consumption is a major contributor to environmental impact, especially at the laboratory scale. However, at the industrial scale, efficiency is significantly improved, thereby drastically decreasing the impact of electricity. Additionally, the contributions of raw materials have a larger environmental impact than those of waste disposal, indicating that it is crucial to focus on the reduction and re-usage of reactants and solvents. • The environmental impacts of silica aerogel from waste glass are investigated with LCA. • Aerogel was produced via the ambient pressure drying method. • An industrial plant is modeled to assess differences between production scales. • Major contributors: electricity for lab scale, raw materials for industrial scale. • Kg CO 2 eq were 428 (lab, 0.5l) and 34 (upscaled, 100l) per kg of aerogel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental impact of waste glass (WG) is one of the major challenges crippling sustainable waste management and mitigation. Reclamation of recycled materials from waste glass remains a tedious task amidst complex technological approaches. The challenge as seen in the global containment measures increase the proportion of waste glass and minimize the existing capacity of landfill space. In many works, findings have shown how best to minimize the impact of waste glass as evidenced in their inclusion as building materials such as cement, mortars, concretes and blocks. The concept of this paper is to appraise previous studies carried out on the use of waste glass as key contributing factor in structural building. The scope of this paper will be broaden to include various successes recorded in the evolution of concrete mixtures containing different proportion of recycle glass. Part of the setbacks noted in the inclusion of these recycled materials as matrix, filler or fibre are also reported in this paper. Also discussed is the durability of glass materials in varying conglomerate involving cement in reinforcement of building and structures. Thermal insulating properties of recycled glass are also considered in this work where considerable energy is saved due to their low thermal conductivity. Based on the analysis of various studies and other factors considered in this paper, it is established that recycled glass materials can be accommodated in structural buildings, while continuous research is necessary to adapt waste glass to high pH value of Portland cement.

This paper reviews specific technical and eco-efficiency performance issues in using glass waste as an aggregate in the production of concrete. Eco-efficiency is a relatively modern tool in the pursuit of sustainability. Eco-efficiency is the concept of maximising the benefits from the use of non-renewable resources while minimising the use of non-renewable resources. The paper details a life cycle assessment and eco-efficiency review of a potentially sustainable alternative to traditional concrete, made from ordinary Portland cement. The study follows the ISO framework, which includes goal and scope, a life cycle inventory, life cycle impact assessment, life cycle costing, normalising of data and the creation of an eco-efficiency portfolio. SimaPro life cycle assessment software has been used to further analyse the use of recycled glass aggregate as a replacement for naturally occurring stone aggregate in geopolymer concrete. The study found that the use of geopolymer concrete as a non-cement based alternative concrete was a viable way to reduce emissions with a high global warming potential but faced challenges in other environmental impact areas. There is a need for ongoing research and study on the application of eco-efficiency as a tool in the pursuit of sustainable practices in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste rubber (WR) and waste glass (WG) have long been a waste disposal challenge. In an effort to alleviate the environmental impacts of solid wastes and to recycle as much as possible, and extensive research has been carried out to use these wastes as a feasible option for concrete materials. However, the utilization of these potential solid wastes in concrete has not yet obtained popularity. Hence to accomplish this aim of wider application of waste materials in producing concrete, the concrete prepared with this wastes should maintain satisfactory performance. This study investigated the effect of incorporating various substitution levels of WR and WG on the performance of concrete, both separation and in combination. The rubber aggregate was substituted for 10%, 20% and 30% of the sand and glass aggregate was used to replace coarse aggregate at 10%, 20% and 30%, on volume basis. The basic properties were evaluated by conducting workability, compressive strength, split-tensile strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), water absorption and sorptivity tests on different forms of the mixtures. Further, the microstructure was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated improvement in the water permeability and water absorption of the concrete by adding both rubber and glass simultaneously. In addition, it also showed that the combination of WR and WG enhanced the strengths of rubber concrete, especially at 10% WR and 20% WG. Moreover, the rubber concrete with the addition of glass particles had more encouraging slump results with respect to plain rubber concrete and control mix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Radiation shielding abilities of concrete which is good in environmental protection. • Recycling and reusing of waste glass in a useful way addresses waste management. • The use of waste glass as additive, which solved the material selection problem. • Solution to problem of finding optimal composition to for best shielding in concrete. • Solution to problem of identifying most efficient shielding material composition. • Use of local materials align with aim of SDG, addressing environmental sustainability. In this work, the local low-cost materials from Nigeria were companied together to produce a lead-free concrete that can be used in shielding the ionizing γ-rays. This work investigated the impacts of partially replacing coarse aggregates (crushed granite) with a crushed waste glass on the chemical, physical, and radiation shielding characteristics. The developed concretes' density was measured experimentally, and the fabricated concretes' elemental chemical composition was determined utilizing a Thermo-Scientific X-ray fluorescence connected to an ARL-QUANT'X-EDXRF-Analyzer. The increase in the waste glass/granite (WG/G) substitution ratio between 0 and 17.6 % decreases the density of the produced concrete from 2.4 g/cm3 to 2.33 g/cm3. On the other hand, the absorption per unit mass (MAC) of the produced concretes increased by raising the WG/G ratio, where there was a 0.217–0.247 cm2/g increase in the MAC at 0.081 MeV, by raising the WG/G ratio between 0 and 17.6 %. Simultaneously, the study shows that the radiation protection efficiency (RPE) at 2.506 MeV for a 10 cm thickness of the fabricated concrete reaches 53.49, 61.14, 54.98, and 55.29 % for concretes with WG/G content of 0.0, 5.3, 11.1, and 17.6 % with the same order, respectively. Therefore, the thicker thicknesses of the developed concretes can offer high shielding capacity to be applied in radiation protection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]