1,383 results on '"Ballot"'
Search Results
2. A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Votes of People with Short Life Expectancy from Being a Long-Term Burden to Their Country.
- Author
-
Arandjelović, Ognjen
- Subjects
- *
LIFE expectancy , *POWER (Social sciences) , *DEMOCRACY , *AGEISM , *SOCIETAL reaction , *VOTING , *MIDDLE-income countries - Abstract
In response to the growing social discontent regarding what is perceived as generational injustice, due to younger generations of voters facing long-term negative consequences from issues disproportionately decided by the votes of older generations of voters, there have been suggestions to introduce an upper age voting threshold. These have been all but universally dismissed as offensive and contrary to basic democratic values. In the present article, I show that the idea is in fact entirely consonant with present-day democratic practices and far from without a precedent. Hence, I describe how the aforementioned generational injustice can be rectified using a simple vote-weighting scheme which is easy to implement and interpret. Lastly, I discuss the societal effects that this alteration of the voting system would have on the distribution of the origins of political power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Votes of People with Short Life Expectancy from Being a Long-Term Burden to Their Country
- Author
-
Ognjen Arandjelović
- Subjects
democracy ,voting ,ballot ,elections ,age ,ageism ,Social Sciences - Abstract
In response to the growing social discontent regarding what is perceived as generational injustice, due to younger generations of voters facing long-term negative consequences from issues disproportionately decided by the votes of older generations of voters, there have been suggestions to introduce an upper age voting threshold. These have been all but universally dismissed as offensive and contrary to basic democratic values. In the present article, I show that the idea is in fact entirely consonant with present-day democratic practices and far from without a precedent. Hence, I describe how the aforementioned generational injustice can be rectified using a simple vote-weighting scheme which is easy to implement and interpret. Lastly, I discuss the societal effects that this alteration of the voting system would have on the distribution of the origins of political power.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Do (many) voters like ranking?
- Author
-
Blais, André, Plescia, Carolina, Högström, John, and Péloquin-Skulski, Gabrielle
- Subjects
- *
VOTING , *VOTERS , *POLITICAL parties , *POLITICAL surveys , *RANKING - Abstract
Do (many) voters like ranking? We address this question through an experimental study performed in four countries: Austria, England, Ireland and Sweden. Respondents were invited to participate in three successive elections. They were randomly assigned to one of four possible voting scenarios and asked to vote. The voting scenarios differed in terms of party supply (three or five parties) and the type of vote choice (vote for one party only or possibility of ranking all parties). After they had voted, respondents were asked about their satisfaction with the party supply and the voting system (using a scale from 0 "not at all satisfied" to 10 "very much satisfied"). We find little difference in overall satisfaction between those elections where people could rank order the parties and those where they could not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Stephen Colbert takes on Election 2020: #betterknowaballot, voter mobilization, and the return to playful participatory satire.
- Author
-
Becker, Amy B.
- Subjects
- *
REFERENDUM , *VOTER turnout , *ELECTIONS , *POLITICAL campaigns , *VOTING machines , *SATIRE - Abstract
Focusing on the Better Know A Ballot initiative launched by Stephen Colbert to encourage voter registration and turnout in the 2020 Election, the research offers an in-depth analysis of Colbert's satirical interrogation of voting rules across the United States. In focusing on the nuances that come with a federalized system of voting, Colbert effectively revisits his role as satirical election educator-in-chief, producing digital YouTube video content that is designed to be shared by and engage his audience. Colbert's simultaneous satirical criticism of our election system and his call to get out the vote reflects a full circle return to playful participatory satire all the while offering an important mobilization tool for greater citizen engagement with technology and politics. Like recent efforts by other political satirists, Colbert's Better Know A Ballot series reflects an increasingly entertaining yet activist take on engagement with US electoral politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Las boletas electorales en América Latina: una propuesta de clasificación y análisis desde el voto nulo en elecciones presidenciales.
- Author
-
Espí Hernández, Alejandro
- Subjects
BALLOTS ,PRESIDENTIAL elections ,VOTING ,SUFFRAGE ,ELECTIONS ,PERCENTILES ,CLASSIFICATION - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales Interdisciplinares is the property of Common Ground Research Networks and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Seeing Is Believing: An Experiment on Absentee Ballots and Voter Confidence: Part of Special Symposium on Election Sciences.
- Author
-
Bryant, Lisa A.
- Subjects
- *
ABSENTEE voting , *VOTER attitudes , *CONFIDENCE , *POSTAL voting , *VOTING , *ELECTIONS - Abstract
Since the 2000 election, researchers have taken an interest in the role of voter confidence and its importance as an assessment of public trust in electoral outcomes. Many factors may influence voter confidence including the way in which a voter casts their ballot. Previous research has found that absentee voters consistently report the lowest levels of confidence that their votes were counted correctly. This study uses an experiment to examine how voting method impacts voter confidence. Voters were randomly assigned to either an in-person or absentee voting condition. Participants assigned to the absentee condition expressed lower levels of confidence that their votes would be counted correctly than those assigned to the in-person voting condition. Voters who had to ask for assistance during the experiment also reported lower levels of confidence. This could have implications for voter confidence levels nationally as vote-by-mail continues to grow in popularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. An Efficient E2E Crowd Verifiable E-Voting System
- Author
-
Xinyu Zhang, Bingsheng Zhang, Thomas Zacharias, Aggelos Kiayias, and Kui Ren
- Subjects
Theoretical computer science ,business.industry ,Electronic voting ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Hash function ,Cryptography ,Random oracle ,Ballot ,Voting ,Verifiable secret sharing ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Randomness ,media_common - Abstract
Electronic-voting(e-voting), compared with paper voting, has advantages in several aspects. Among those benefits, the ability to audit the electoral process at every stage is one of the most desired features. In Eurocrypt2015, Kiayias et al. proposed an E2E verifiable e-voting system which first provides E2E verifiability without relying on external sources of randomness or the random oracle model. The main advantage of the system is that election auditors need only the election transcript and the feedback from the voters to pronounce the election process unequivocally valid. Unfortunately, their system comes with a huge performance and storage penalty for the election authority (EA) compared to other e-voting systems such as Helios. The reason is the EA forms the proof of tally results. It is required to precompute several ciphertexts. The performance penalty on the EA appears to be intrinsic: voters cannot compute an enciphered ballot themselves because it seems unprovable. In this work, we construct a new e-voting system that retains strong E2E characteristics while eliminating the performance and storage penalty of the EA. Our construction is practical and has a similar performance to Helios. The privacy of our construction relies on the SXDH assumption over bilinear groups via complexity leveraging.
- Published
- 2022
9. Secure Electronic Voting Machine using Multi-Modal Biometric Authentication System, Data Encryption, and Firewall.
- Author
-
Bhatti, Jasdev, Chachra, Satvik, Walia, Ansh, and Vishal, Abhishek
- Subjects
VOTING machines ,DATA encryption ,BIOMETRIC identification ,MULTIMODAL user interfaces ,VOTING ,IMAGE encryption ,VOTING registers ,ELECTRONIC voting - Abstract
Electronic voting machines have replaced paper ballot systems, which were being used in early Indian elections. But, with the advancement of technology, a series of security issues have been raised regarding the present voting system, such as EVM tampering in order to register fraudulent votes. The proposed system attempts to solve the problem of bogus voting by introducing a multi-modal biometric authentication system. It makes the voting system more secure by using data encryption and firewalls to protect the voter database. It increases accessibility by allowing voters to cast their vote in the elections of their respective constituency from any polling booth across the country. It also increases transparency in the election process by notifying voters on successful ca sting of their vote. This paper proposes a Biometric Voting Machine with a robust system architecture that is able to withstand malicious attacks and fraudulent behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Choice and Choice Set in African Elections
- Author
-
Karen E. Ferree
- Subjects
Choice set ,Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Ethnic group ,Distribution (economics) ,Legislature ,Ballot ,Voting ,Voting behavior ,Positive economics ,Set (psychology) ,Psychology ,business ,media_common - Abstract
This paper argues for a reorientation of how we think about ethnic voting, away from an exclusive focus on voters to one that links voter behavior to the supply side of candidates. It introduces the concept of choice set, or the set of choices a voter sees on the ballot on election day, and shows that the modal choice set in three legislative elections – Kenya (2007), Ghana (2008), and Uganda (2011) – is not the mixed co-ethnic/non-co-ethnic set assumed in much of the literature on ethnic voting in Africa. Most African voters in fact see ballots that consist of either all co-ethnics or no co-ethnics. These uniform choice sets constrain choice in ways that predetermine behavior. Moreover, breaking behavior into choice and choice set reveals that differences in prevalence rates of co-ethnic voting across cases is driven as much by the choices voters see on their ballots as the choices they make in the voting booth. Shifting from choice to choice set thus induces us to identify and theorize factors shaping electoral outcomes in Africa beyond those rooted in individual voter psychology: the entry decisions of candidates and parties, constituency boundaries, and the distribution of groups across geography.
- Published
- 2022
11. A Blockchain-Based Self-Tallying Voting Protocol in Decentralized IoT
- Author
-
Guomin Yang, Yong Yu, Willy Susilo, Dongxi Liu, Yannan Li, Xiaojiang Du, and Mohsen Guizani
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Leader election ,business.product_category ,Computer science ,Emerging technologies ,media_common.quotation_subject ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Ballot ,Laptop ,Voting ,Secrecy ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Wireless sensor network ,Protocol (object-oriented programming) ,computer ,media_common - Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is experiencing explosive growth and has gained extensive attention from academia and industry in recent years. However, most of the existing IoT infrastructures are centralized, which may cause the issues of unscalability and single-point-of-failure. Consequently, decentralized IoT has been proposed by taking advantage of the emerging technology called blockchain. Voting systems are widely adopted in IoT, for example a leader election in wireless sensor networks. Self-tallying voting systems are alternatives to unsuitable, traditional centralized voting systems in decentralized IoT. Unfortunately, self-tallying voting systems inherently suffer from fairness issues, such as adaptive and abortive issues caused by malicious voters. To address these issues, in this paper, we introduce a framework of the self-tallying voting system in decentralized IoT based on blockchain. We propose a concrete construction and prove that the proposed system satisfies all the security requirements, including fairness, dispute-freeness and maximal ballot secrecy. We simulate the algorithms on a laptop, an Android phone and a Raspberry Pi to test the time consumption and evaluate the gas cost of each algorithm in a private blockchain as well. The implementation results demonstrate the practicability of our system
- Published
- 2022
12. d-BAME: Distributed Blockchain-Based Anonymous Mobile Electronic Voting
- Author
-
Ehab Zaghloul, Tongtong Li, and Jian Ren
- Subjects
Scheme (programming language) ,050101 languages & linguistics ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Electronic voting ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,02 engineering and technology ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Voting ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,computer.programming_language ,media_common ,05 social sciences ,Computer Science Applications ,Bulletin board ,Ballot ,Hardware and Architecture ,Signal Processing ,Accountability ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Mobile device ,computer ,Information Systems ,Anonymity - Abstract
Electronic voting (e-voting) presents a convenient and cost-effective alternative to current paper ballot-based voting. It provides many benefits such as increased voter turnout and accuracy in the decision-making process. While presenting many improvements, e-voting still faces serious security challenges that hinder its adoption, especially when designed to be run over mobile devices. In this article, we propose a novel remote e-voting model for large-scale elections by proposing the participation of two conflicting parties to ensure election integrity and accountability. Our scheme can be implemented in IoT devices such as smartphones, which we believe can significantly increase voter turnout of the election process. Our proposed work is secure and preserves voter privacy through secure multiparty computations performed by parties of differing allegiances. It also leverages a blockchain running smart contracts as a publicly accessible and tamper-resistant bulletin board to permanently store votes and prevent double voting. In our security and privacy analysis, we show that our proposed scheme is secure against potential security threats and provides voter anonymity. We show orthogonality between universal verifiability and coercion resistance in our proposed scheme, allowing an election to favor one over the other. Our performance analysis and smartphone simulation results show that the proposed scheme is practical for large-scale elections.
- Published
- 2021
13. Bequem, aber fehleranfällig: Die Dunkelziffer ungewerteter Briefwahlstimmen
- Author
-
Dominic Nyhuis
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSYSTEMSAPPLICATIONS ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Internet privacy ,language.human_language ,German ,Ballot ,Voting ,Political science ,language ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY ,business ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) ,media_common - Abstract
Voting by mail is increasingly popular. Although voters enjoy the convenience of voting by mail, the public is unaware how prone to error mail ballots are. Election administrations reject mail ballots for a variety of reasons. Because German electoral laws treat rejected ballots as not having been cast, the reported number of invalid mail ballots underestimates the true share of uncounted mail ballots. Between 3.2% and 4.0% of the mailed ballots in German elections are estimated to remain uncounted, which is far higher than the share of invalid in-person votes. This paper argues that rejected mail ballots should be reported in the official records to make voters aware of the risks of an uncounted mail ballot.
- Published
- 2021
14. A study of ballot anomaly detection with a transparent voting machine
- Author
-
Isabel Laurenceau, Juan E. Gilbert, and Jean Louis
- Subjects
Human-Computer Interaction ,Ballot ,Computer science ,Voting ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Anomaly detection ,Data mining ,computer.software_genre ,computer ,media_common - Published
- 2021
15. A Systematic Review of Challenges and Opportunities of Blockchain for E-Voting
- Author
-
Ruhi Taş and Ömer Özgür Tanrıöver
- Subjects
blockchain ,voting ,consensus ,bitcoin ,ethereum ,ballot ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
A blockchain is a distributed, digitized and consensus-based secure information storage mechanism. The present article provides an overview of blockchain based e-voting systems. The primary purpose of this review is to study the up-to-date state of blockchain-based voting research along with associated possible challenges while aiming to forecast future directions. The methodology applied in the review is a systematic review approach. Following an introduction to the basic structure and features of the blockchain in relation to e-voting, we provide a conceptual description of the desired blockchain-based e-voting application. Symmetrical and asymmetrical cryptography improvements play a key role in developing blockchain systems. We have extracted and reviewed 63 research papers from scientific databases that have advised the adoption of the blockchain framework to voting systems. These articles indicate that blockchain-supported voting systems may provide different solutions than traditional e-voting. We classified the main prevailing issues into the five following categories: general, integrity, coin-based, privacy and consensus. As a result of this research, it was determined that blockchain systems can provide solutions to certain problems that prevail in current election systems. On the other hand, privacy protection and transaction speed are most frequently emphasized problems in blockchain applications. Security of remote participation and scalability should be improved for sustainable blockchain based e-voting. It was concluded that frameworks needed enhancements in order to be used in voting systems due to these reservations.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Consensus, division and voting in early Stuart towns
- Author
-
Patterson, Catherine, author
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Ballot secrecy: Security definition, sufficient conditions, and analysis of Helios
- Author
-
Ben Smyth
- Subjects
Provable security ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Internet privacy ,HeliOS ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Independence ,Public-key cryptography ,Ballot ,Hardware and Architecture ,Voting ,Secrecy ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,business ,computer ,Software ,media_common ,Anonymity - Abstract
We propose a definition of ballot secrecy as an indistinguishability game in the computational model of cryptography. Our definition improves upon earlier definitions to ensure ballot secrecy is preserved in the presence of an adversary that controls ballot collection. We also propose a definition of ballot independence as an adaptation of an indistinguishability game for asymmetric encryption. We prove relations between our definitions. In particular, we prove ballot independence is sufficient for ballot secrecy in voting systems with zero-knowledge tallying proofs. Moreover, we prove that building systems from non-malleable asymmetric encryption schemes suffices for ballot secrecy, thereby eliminating the expense of ballot-secrecy proofs for a class of encryption-based voting systems. We demonstrate applicability of our results by analysing the Helios voting system and its mixnet variant. Our analysis reveals that Helios does not satisfy ballot secrecy in the presence of an adversary that controls ballot collection. The vulnerability cannot be detected by earlier definitions of ballot secrecy, because they do not consider such adversaries. We adopt non-malleable ballots as a fix and prove that the fixed system satisfies ballot secrecy.
- Published
- 2021
18. The Effect of Ballot Characteristics on the Likelihood of Voting Errors
- Author
-
Gretchen A. Macht, Nicholas D. Bernardo, and Shanna Pearson-Merkowitz
- Subjects
Ballot ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Political science ,Voting ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political Science and International Relations ,Econometrics ,media_common - Abstract
In the United States, people are asked to vote on a myriad of candidates, offices, and ballot questions. The result is lengthy ballots that are time intensive and complicated to fill out. In this paper, we utilize a new analytical technique harnessing ballot scanner data from a statewide midterm election to estimate the effects of ballot complexity on voting errors. We find that increases in ballot length, increases in the number of local ballot questions, and increases in the number of candidates listed for single offices significantly increase the odds of encountering ballot marking and scanning errors. Our findings indicate that ballots’ characteristics can help election administrators make Election Day planning and resource allocation decisions that decrease ballot errors and associated wait times to vote while increasing the reliability of election results and voter confidence in the electoral process.
- Published
- 2021
19. DCPS or Sidwell Friends? How Politician Schooling Choices Affect Voter Evaluations
- Author
-
Andrew Miner, Thomas Gift, and Leslie K. Finger
- Subjects
Ballot ,Sociology and Political Science ,Voting ,media_common.quotation_subject ,DCPS ,Trait ,Affect (psychology) ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Composition (language) ,media_common - Abstract
Voters often rely on informational shortcuts, such as the background traits of politicians, to decide which candidates to support at the ballot box. One such background trait is family composition, particularly parental status. Research, however, has mostly overlooked whether the value-laden choices that politicians make regarding their families—like what neighborhoods they live in, where they worship, and what schools they send their children to—affect how constituents view them. We conduct a survey experiment in the U.S. that presents respondents with hypothetical biographies of politicians that randomly vary one of the most important decisions that politicians make regarding their families: whether to send them to public or private school. We find that: (1) voters are more inclined to vote for politicians with children in public school; and (2) this preference may be due to voters perceiving these politicians as both warmer and more committed to public services.
- Published
- 2021
20. Escorting Democracy with Local Wisdom: Depiction of Regional Election Supervision in the midst of Pandemic
- Author
-
Nuraliah Ali, Kristian Kristian, Karlinae D Bangas, and Supiya Supiya
- Subjects
democracy ,business.industry ,pandemic ,media_common.quotation_subject ,local wisdom ,Social Sciences ,election supervision ,Context (language use) ,Public relations ,Democracy ,Test (assessment) ,Procurement ,Ballot ,Voting ,Political science ,Agency (sociology) ,business ,Constraint (mathematics) ,media_common - Abstract
This paper aims to describe the supervision of the Central Kalimantan regional head election during the pandemic. The problem is focused on how the description of election supervision by Election Supervisory Agency? and what constraint are faced and their solutions in the context of local wisdom?. The research type is descriptive qualitative. Data Collecting through interviews, observation, and literature study. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively using the Mile and Huberman model. This study shows several things: First, the implementation of supervision is more on tasks outside the crucial task of Bawaslu, namely the supervision of the pandemic health protocols as an additional task burden. Second, the obstacles faced by Bawaslu starting from the preparation, voting, and post-voting. Namely: Updating and determining the voter list was constrained by the Work From Home and Large-Scale Social Restrictions policies; Procurement and distribution of logistics whose suppliers had not yet recovered from the impact of the pandemic; Some officials were reluctant and resigned because of the rapid test rules; distorted ballot papers; The officers' lack of compliance with the working mechanism that had been determined. Third, The context of local wisdom in the supervision of Pilkada in Central Kalimantan, namely: Balanga, Huma Betang, Ma'mapas Lewu, Isen mulang, and Dayak Greetings: Tabe salamat lingu nalatai, Salam Sujud Karendem malempang, Adil ka’ Talino bacura’mi ka’ Saruga, Basengat kajubata.
- Published
- 2021
21. Investors' Perceptions of Activism via Voting: Evidence from Contentious Shareholder Meetings*
- Author
-
Gregory S. Miller, Fabrizio Ferri, and Francois Brochet
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,business.industry ,Corporate governance ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Enterprise value ,Accounting ,Sample (statistics) ,Ballot ,Shareholder ,restrict ,Perception ,Voting ,Business ,Proxy (statistics) ,Finance ,Stock (geology) ,media_common - Abstract
Motivated by the increasing influence of shareholder votes on corporate policies, we examine investors’ perceptions of activism via voting. To identify instances of activism via voting, we focus on annual meetings with at least one ballot item where a substantial fraction of shareholders is expected to vote against management’s voting recommendation, indicating an increase in their monitoring activity. We define such meetings as “contentious.” Using a sample of almost 28,000 meetings between 2003 and 2012, we examine stock returns over the period between the proxy filing and the annual meeting. This period captures when investors learn about the contentious nature of the upcoming meeting and form expectations about its likely impact on firms’ policies. We find that abnormal stock returns prior to contentious meetings are significantly positive and higher than those prior to non-contentious meetings. These higher abnormal returns increase with the contentiousness of the meeting; are more pronounced in firms with poor past performance, which are more likely to respond to shareholder pressure; and persist after controlling for firm-specific news and proxies for risk factors. Our results are consistent with investors’ expecting activism via voting to have a positive impact on firm value, on average, and cast doubts on regulatory attempts to restrict the use of shareholder votes.
- Published
- 2021
22. Investigating Usability and User Experience of Individually Verifiable Internet Voting Schemes
- Author
-
Kai Kunze, Marie-Laure Zollinger, Karola Marky, Tim Grube, Peter Y. A. Ryan, and Peter Roenne
- Subjects
business.industry ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING ,Usability ,Qualitative property ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Human-Computer Interaction ,Adversarial system ,Ballot ,User experience design ,Categorization ,Voting ,Verifiable secret sharing ,business ,computer ,media_common - Abstract
Internet voting can afford more inclusive and inexpensive elections. The flip side is that the integrity of the election can be compromised by adversarial attacks and malfunctioning voting infrastructure. Individual verifiability aims to protect against such risks by letting voters verify that their votes are correctly registered in the electronic ballot box. Therefore, voters need to carry out additional tasks making human factors crucial for security. In this article, we establish a categorization of individually verifiable Internet voting schemes based on voter interactions. For each category in our proposed categorization, we evaluate a voting scheme in a user study with a total of 100 participants. In our study, we assessed usability, user experience, trust, and further qualitative data to gain deeper insights into voting schemes. Based on our results, we conclude with recommendations for developers and policymakers to inform the choices and design of individually verifiable Internet voting schemes.
- Published
- 2021
23. Vote-by-mail Ballot Rejection and Experience with Mail-in Voting
- Author
-
David Cottrell, Daniel A. Smith, and Michael C. Herron
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Advertising ,02 engineering and technology ,0506 political science ,Ballot ,Political science ,Voting ,General election ,050602 political science & public administration ,media_common - Abstract
Although most ballots in the United States have historically been cast in-person, Americans are increasingly voting by mail, a trend that accelerated in the 2020 General Election. Mail ballots can be rejected after being cast, and our analysis of the Florida general elections of 2016, 2018, and 2020 shows that voters inexperienced with mail voting disproportionately submit ballots that end up rejected due to (1) late arrival at elections offices or (2) signature defects on return envelopes. Inexperienced mail voters are up to three times more likely to have their ballots rejected compared to experienced mail voters, and this inexperience penalty varies by a voter’s party registration, race/ethnicity, and age. Our findings hold when controlling for additional voter characteristics and geographical fixed effects. The effect of inexperience on the likelihood of vote-by-mail ballot rejection risks exacerbating existing inequities in political representation already faced by younger and racial/ethnic minority voters.
- Published
- 2021
24. The blank ballot crisis: a multi-method study of fraud in the 2006 Italian election
- Author
-
Alberto Lioy
- Subjects
Ballot ,Sociology and Political Science ,Voting ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political science ,Political economy ,Political Science and International Relations ,Multi method ,Electoral fraud ,Blank ,Democracy ,media_common - Abstract
Among European democracies, Italian elections have usually seen high levels of protest voting. Then in the 2006 election the number of blank ballots suddenly dropped by one million following the ad...
- Published
- 2021
25. Emergency Absentee Voting for Hospitalized Patients and Voting During COVID-19: A 50-State Study
- Author
-
Jeremiah D. Schuur, Reetam Ganguli, Keyana Zahiri, Oliver Y. Tang, Nicole M. Burns, Kelly E. Wong, Giovanni Kozel, Kevin P. Tang, and Saba Paracha
- Subjects
Presidential election ,Patients ,Download ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Internet privacy ,Legislation ,Population health ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Voting ,Medicine ,Humans ,Health Policy Analysis ,030212 general & internal medicine ,health care economics and organizations ,media_common ,Original Research ,030505 public health ,Equity (economics) ,business.industry ,RC86-88.9 ,Politics ,COVID-19 ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,General Medicine ,Democracy ,Ballot ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Emergency Medicine ,0305 other medical science ,business - Abstract
Introduction: Voters facing illness or disability are disproportionately under-represented in terms of voter turnout. Earlier research has indicated that enfranchisement of these populations may reinforce the implementation of policies improving health outcomes and equity. Due to the confluence of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the 2020 election, we aimed to assess emergency absentee voting processes, which allow voters hospitalized after regular absentee deadlines to still obtain an absentee ballot, and election changes due to COVID-19 in all 50 states. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study collecting 34 variables pertaining to emergency voting processes and COVID-19-related election changes, including deadlines, methods of submission for applications and ballots, and specialized services for patients. Data were obtained from, in order of priority, state boards of elections websites, poll worker manuals, application forms, and state legislation. We verified all data through direct correspondence with state boards of elections. Results: Emergency absentee voting processes are in place in 39 states, with the remaining states having universal vote-by-mail (n = 5) or extended regular absentee voting deadlines (n = 6). The emergency absentee period most commonly began within 24 hours following the normal absentee application deadline, which was often seven days before an election (n = 11). Unique aspects of emergency voting processes included patients designating an “authorized agent” to deliver their applications and ballots (n = 38), electronic ballot delivery (n = 5), and in-person teams that deliver ballots directly to patients (n = 18). Documented barriers in these processes nationwide include unavailable online information (n = 11), restrictions mandating agents to be family members (n = 7), physician affidavits or signatures (n = 9), and notary or witness signature requirements (n = 15). For the November 2020 presidential election, 12 states expanded absentee eligibility to allow COVID-19 as a reason to request an absentee ballot, and 18 states mailed absentee ballot applications or absentee ballots to all registered voters. Conclusion: While 39 states operate emergency absentee voting processes for hospitalized voters, there are considerable areas for improvement and heterogeneity in guidelines for these protocols. For future election cycles, information on emergency voting and broader election reforms due to COVID-19 may be useful for emergency providers and patients alike to improve the democratic participation of voters experiencing illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health is the property of Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
26. Demographic Disparities Using Ranked-Choice Voting? Ranking Difficulty, Under-Voting, and the 2020 Democratic Primary
- Author
-
Joseph A. Coll
- Subjects
demographische Faktoren ,Public Administration ,Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Politikwissenschaft ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Ethnic group ,02 engineering and technology ,United States of America ,Political science (General) ,Race (biology) ,democratic primaries ,elections ,ethnic ,race ,ranked choice voting ,Voting ,Wahlverhalten ,electoral system ,united states of america ,050602 political science & public administration ,Instant-runoff voting ,Kandidatur ,candidacy ,Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture ,preference ,Political science ,USA ,media_common ,politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur ,electoral systems ,voting behavior ,05 social sciences ,demographic factors ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Präferenz ,0506 political science ,Disadvantaged ,Wahlsystem ,Ballot ,Ranking ,ddc:320 ,Survey data collection ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,JA1-92 - Abstract
Ranked choice voting (RCV) has become increasingly popular in recent years, as more jurisdictions in the US adopt the voting system for local, state, and federal elections. Though previous studies have found potential benefits of RCV, some evidence suggests ranking multiple candidates instead of choosing one most preferred candidate may be difficult, with potential demographic disparities linked to age, gender, or racial or ethnic identity. Further, these difficulties have been assumed to cause individuals to improperly fill out RCV ballots, such as ranking too many or not enough candidates. This study seeks to answer three interrelated questions: 1) Which demographic groups find it difficult to rank candidates in RCV elections? 2) Who is more likely to cast under-voted ballots (not ranking all candidates)? 3) Is there a relationship between finding RCV voting difficult and the likelihood of casting an under-voted ballot? Using unique national survey data of 2020 Democratic primary candidate preferences, the results indicate most respondents find ranking candidates easy, but older, less interested, and more ideologically conservative individuals find it more difficult. In a hypothetical ranking of primary candidates, 12% of respondents under-voted (did not rank all options). Despite their perceived increased difficulty, older individuals were less likely to under-vote their ballot. No other demographic groups consistently experienced systematic differences in ranking difficulty or under-voting across a series of model specifications. These findings support previous evidence of older voters having increased difficulty, but challenge research assuming difficulty leads to under-voting, and that racial and ethnic groups are disadvantaged by RCV.
- Published
- 2021
27. Postal ballot in unconsolidated democracy: Poland's case
- Author
-
Marcin Zaborowski
- Subjects
Information Systems and Management ,Public Administration ,Presidential system ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Separation of powers ,Democracy ,Computer Science Applications ,Politics ,Democratic consolidation ,Ballot ,Political science ,Political economy ,Voting ,Political culture ,media_common - Abstract
Purpose As the democratic world debates and in some cases replaces physical voting with postal ballots and on-line voting, it is important to refrain from advocating a generic approach to the issue and in particular to distinguish between consolidated and unconsolidated democracies. Design/methodology/approach The paper argues that unconsolidated democracies are not fit for the introduction of non-physical (postal ballot and on-line) voting methods, which rather than broadening the scope of democracy may in actual fact be derailing it. The key reason for this distinction is the lack of political consensus for constitutional rules, the weakness of the rule of law and persistence of parochial and subject-based political cultures in many countries of the region, including Poland. Findings Replacing physical voting with postal ballot, attempted during Presidential elections in the summer 2020 in Poland, eventually failed and was replaced with conventional physical vote. However, the Polish case demonstrates that in the system with weak checks and balances, postal ballot could be used to consolidate illiberalism not democracy. Research limitations/implications The paper demonstrates that further research on defining consolidated and unconsolidated democracy is needed. In particular there is a need to factor in the research on political culture into the definitions of democratic consolidation. Practical implications EU membership for Poland and some other Central European states – such as Hungary – failed to prompt the process of democratic consolidation. In fact the opposite happened as the impact of EU conditionality lost relevance. It is important that any change of electoral law in Poland and other rule of law violators in the region is viewed with great care and scrutiny. Originality/value The paper’s conceptual approach rests on the definition of consolidated democracy as put forward by Przeworski (1991) and developed by Linz and Stepan (1996). According to these definitions, Poland is not yet a consolidated democracy and as argued in the paper, it has actually experienced an expansion of illiberalism in recent years. The paper also posits that the concept of “consolidated democracy” should be augmented to include the existence of civic political culture as a necessary condition for the maintenance of a healthy democracy.
- Published
- 2021
28. Online versus offline: Exploring the link between how candidates campaign and how voters cast their ballot
- Author
-
Siim Trumm
- Subjects
Ballot ,Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,Political science ,Voting ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Internet privacy ,ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING ,Link (knot theory) ,business ,Internet voting ,media_common - Abstract
Internet is playing an increasingly important role in shaping citizens’ political experience. We turn to it to consume political news and, in some countries, to even cast our ballots at parliamentary elections. Leading the way in embracing Internet voting (i-voting) is Estonia where nearly half of the ballots cast during the 2019 parliamentary election were submitted online. Using original data from the 2019 Estonian Candidate Study, this paper explores the relationship between how candidates campaign and their electoral performance. It finds greater use of both offline and online campaign tools to contribute to higher vote shares as candidates win more traditional and i-votes. These positive effects are similar in size, in terms of candidates’ overall electoral performance as well as their ability to attract different types of votes. The results show not only that individual-level campaigns continue to matter, but that online campaigns have become as important as offline campaigns for candidates, and voters’ political activity often transcends the medium through which they receive political communication.
- Published
- 2021
29. DONALD TRUMP OFF THE BALLOT IN COLORADO AND MAINE.
- Author
-
BENITEZ, GIO
- Abstract
GIO BENITEZ (ABC NEWS) (Off-camera) Okay. We're going to start this half hour here with a closer look at the top political headlines this week, and joining us are ABC News Political Director Rick Klein and, for the first time here on "Gma" Saturday, contributing political correspondent Rachael Bade. Welcome to the show. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2023
30. The Election System of the Swiss Confederation: Counting of Votes and Establishment of Election Results
- Author
-
M. A. Tarnavskaya
- Subjects
ballot ,elections ,voting ,election system ,switzerland ,polling station ,election results ,national council ,electoral list ,International relations ,JZ2-6530 - Abstract
In the following article the author covers the process of counting the votes and the disclosure rules of establishment the election results in the Swiss Confederation. Switzerland along with other EU member states pays special attention to the determination of the election results. According to Art. 149 para. 2 Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation the elections to the National Council, which is one of two chambers of the Federal Assembly, are held according to proportional representation system. The Hagenbach-Bischoff system is used for allocating seats in National Council of the Swiss Con federation. However the above mentioned system for determining the quota of votes per each mandate creates ambiguous opinions among Swiss scientists and legal experts, which frequently comes up in discussions whether to modify it or not. In this article, the author also gives a brief description of the main political parties in Switzerland and statistics of seats allocation in 49 legislature of National Council following the elections of October 23, 2011. As a result, the author provides the full information on the process of votes counting and establishment of election results in the Swiss Confederation. The material presented in this article is particularly interesting and relevant in terms of improving the electoral legislation in the Russian Federation. The information presented by the author will be useful to all parties interested in electoral law.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The Election System of the Swiss Confederation: Counting of Votes and Establishment of Election Results
- Author
-
Magdalena A. Tarnavskaya
- Subjects
бюллетень ,выборы ,голосование ,избирательная система ,Швейцария ,избирательный участок ,итоги выборов ,Национальный совет ,избирательный список ,Ballot ,elections ,voting ,election system ,Switzerland ,polling station ,election results ,National Council ,electoral list ,International relations ,JZ2-6530 - Abstract
In the following article the author covers the process of counting the votes and the disclosure rules of establishment the election results in the Swiss Confederation. Switzerland along with other EU member states pays special attention to the determination of the election results. According to Art. 149 para. 2 Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation the elections to the National Council, which is one of two chambers of the Federal Assembly, are held according to proportional representation system. The Hagenbach-Bischoff system is used for allocating seats in National Council of the Swiss Con federation. However the above mentioned system for determining the quota of votes per each mandate creates ambiguous opinions among Swiss scientists and legal experts, which frequently comes up in discussions whether to modify it or not. In this article, the author also gives a brief description of the main political parties in Switzerland and statistics of seats allocation in 49 legislature of National Council following the elections of October 23, 2011. As a result, the author provides the full information on the process of votes counting and establishment of election results in the Swiss Confederation. The material presented in this article is particularly interesting and relevant in terms of improving the electoral legislation in the Russian Federation. The information presented by the author will be useful to all parties interested in electoral law.
- Published
- 2014
32. Distance and Trust: An Examination of the Two Opposing Factors Impacting Adoption of Postal Voting Among Citizens Living Abroad
- Author
-
Johanna Peltoniemi and Miroslav Nemčok
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Advertising ,Country of origin ,0506 political science ,Representation (politics) ,Politics ,Ballot ,State (polity) ,Voting ,0502 economics and business ,Secrecy ,050602 political science & public administration ,Business ,050207 economics ,Polling ,media_common - Abstract
Postal voting intends to provide citizens residing abroad with a convenient voting technique to influence political representation in their country of origin. However, its adoption among individuals is dependent on two opposing factors. On the one hand, voting via post helps to overcome the increasing distance between a voter’s residency abroad and the nearest polling station organized by a diplomatic mission (mostly at an embassy or a consulate). On the other hand, this way of voting also requires enough trust that the postal service and designated state office will successfully deliver one’s vote to the ballot box because the result cannot be effectively verified without violation of the ballot secrecy. We examine the interaction of these two factors in an originally conducted survey among Finnish citizens residing abroad fielded shortly after the 2019 Parliamentary elections—the first occasion after Finland put postal voting into effect. Altogether, 664 respondents responded to all questions required for our specification of binomial logistic regression models controlling for various potential confounders. The results demonstrate that trust in postal voting moderates the impact of distance on one’s probability to adopt postal voting. While low-trusting emigrant voters remain largely indifferent regardless of the distance to the nearest polling station, medium-trusting non-resident citizens increasingly mail their ballots when the nearest polling station is more than 100 km away. High-trusting individuals begin to increasingly do so when they are ten to 30 km away.
- Published
- 2021
33. Turnout and Amendment Four: Mobilizing Eligible Voters Close to Formerly Incarcerated Floridians
- Author
-
Kevin Morris
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Closing (real estate) ,Prison ,Turnout ,Criminology ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,0506 political science ,Scholarship ,Ballot ,Work (electrical) ,Voting ,Political science ,Political Science and International Relations ,050602 political science & public administration ,050501 criminology ,0505 law ,media_common - Abstract
Recent scholarship shows that eligible voters in neighborhoods home to many arrested and incarcerated individuals vote at lower rates than those in less-affected neighborhoods. Little work, however, has investigated how this turnout gap might be counteracted. This paper uses Amendment Four, a 2018 Florida ballot initiative that promised to re-enfranchise most individuals whose voting rights had been revoked due to a felony conviction to investigate whether this turnout disparity can be narrowed by a ballot initiative of particular significance to communities most affected by incarceration. Using prison release records, I identify the neighborhoods and households where formerly incarcerated individuals live and assess the voting history of their neighbors and housemates. I find no evidence that Amendment Four increased these voters’ turnout in 2018 relative to other voters. While ending felony disenfranchisement is necessary, closing the turnout gap resulting from histories of policing and incarceration will require greater investment and engagement.
- Published
- 2021
34. The Collective 'Congress' on the Ballot? A Voter and Aggregate-Level Analysis of Collective Responsibility in Congressional Elections
- Author
-
Carlos Algara
- Subjects
Collective responsibility ,Ballot ,Sociology and Political Science ,Work (electrical) ,Job performance ,Voting ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political science ,Political Science and International Relations ,Congressional elections ,Aggregate level ,media_common ,Law and economics - Abstract
The traditional view among scholars is that voters do not weigh job performance in their congressional voting decisions. Recent work challenges this notion and provides evidence that congressional ...
- Published
- 2021
35. Secure E-Voting System Using Visual Cryptography & Block Chain Ledger
- Author
-
Ashwini Solankar
- Subjects
User Friendly ,Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,General Mathematics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Control (management) ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Visual cryptography ,Education ,Computational Mathematics ,Ballot ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Block (telecommunications) ,Voting ,Data integrity ,computer ,media_common - Abstract
Expanding advanced innovation has revolutionized the life of individuals. In this digital world many countries are trying to initiate an E-voting system in regular election process. Researchers are looking forward for the innovative ideas for secure and user friendly system. Block chain is one of the novel concepts that come with number of features to develop E-services. By embracing block chain in the circulation of databases on e-casting ballot frameworks, one can decrease the duping wellsprings of database control. This venture intends to execute casting a ballot result utilizing block chain calculation from each place of decision. In proposed system we have chosen Block chain for its decentralized framework and Here in security and data integrity is mainly achieved by making use of Visual Cryptography (VC) concept. This VC technique comes in when user casts vote on an E-voting portal.
- Published
- 2021
36. Aversive racism at the ballot box: a field experiment on the effects of race and negative information in local elections
- Author
-
David Niven
- Subjects
African american ,White (horse) ,Sociology and Political Science ,Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Negative information ,05 social sciences ,050109 social psychology ,0506 political science ,Race (biology) ,Aversive racism ,Ballot ,Voting ,050602 political science & public administration ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Research on the response of white voters to African American candidates has produced decidedly mixed results. I argue that methodological limitations are a major source of this perplexing array of ...
- Published
- 2021
37. The model of voter education of women-based democracy volunteers
- Author
-
Hariyanti Hariyanti, Ahmad Eddison, and Hambali Hambali
- Subjects
business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Education (General) ,Commission ,Public relations ,Research findings ,Democracy ,Nonprobability sampling ,Politics ,Ballot ,Voting ,General election ,Sociology ,L7-991 ,voter education model, women-based democracy volunteers, political participation ,business ,media_common - Abstract
This study aimed at describing the model of voter education of women-based democracy volunteers in Pekanbaru City and Dumai City. Democracy volunteers are partners in the General Election Commission, who deliver electoral information to the public. The voter education model consists of the strategies used, the material delivered, the methods used to provide knowledge, raise awareness, and increase women voters' political participation. This research employed a qualitative approach with descriptive methods—the informants in this research selected through a non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique. The data validity testing technique used triangulation of data sources. The research findings show that (1) the strategy used was the mapping of target communities and personal communication with community administrators; (2) the material presented included voter requirements, the number of candidates in the 2019 simultaneous elections in Pekanbaru City and Dumai City, introduction of ballot papers, and procedures for voting; (3) the method used was lectures using props in the form of ballots. The female voter is strategic, seeing from the quantity and regulation in Indonesia.
- Published
- 2021
38. A HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTION BASED ON-LINE VOTING SYSTEM
- Author
-
A. Thomas Paul Roy, P. Gokulakrishnan, and D. Suresh
- Subjects
business.industry ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Homomorphic encryption ,ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING ,Plaintext ,Encryption ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Ballot ,Gadget ,Voting ,The Internet ,Polling ,business ,computer ,media_common - Abstract
This paper developed for the risk free and person oriented Online Voting System. The Online Voting gadget is made for the humans of the united states living round the world and needs to vote for their representative. The election can be carried out in two methods the paper ballot election and the computerized ballot elections. The automatic ballot elections are referred to as the digital voting. The on line vote casting device is rather developed and the on-line polling machine can be changed through precisely and at once vote casting on line and on the spot results. The on line balloting gadget is completed by using the net so it can be known as the Internet Voting. The gadget proceeds the on-line vote casting machine in a new approach known as Homomorphic Encryption . Homogeneous encryption is the form of encryption, which lets the computer generate encrypted end results in ciphertexts, as though they were performed in a plaintext, when decrypted, which matches the end result of the operations. In this paper we have a digital voting device based on homomorphic encryption to make sure that the vote is confidential. The benefits of multi-homorphic encryption systems are all presented in our suggestion. The proposed electoral system is suitable for elections that include non-partial votes and for multi-candidate elections. For outsourced storage and counting, homomorphic encryption can be used.
- Published
- 2021
39. Protest at the ballot box: From blank vote to populism
- Author
-
Hadas Aron and Chiara Superti
- Subjects
Populism ,Ballot ,Sociology and Political Science ,Political science ,Political economy ,Voting ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Blank ,media_common - Abstract
Populist parties foment discontent with the establishment. Previous studies explored whether sentiments of discontent and protest can predict populist voting. In this paper, we argue that past electoral protest in a community, rather than merely a sense of discontent, is a good predictor of new populist lists and their electoral support. We explore this connection using blank voting, a measure that allows a systematic and unbiased evaluation of protest at the municipal level. We first test our theory on the Italian Five Star Movement (M5S). Controlling for economic and demographic variables, we demonstrate that in municipalities with high blank vote in previous elections, the probability of new M5S lists and M5S vote share were higher. Testing the generalizability of our theory using cross-national populism data, we show that past protest in the form of blank/null voting is a strong predictor of the level of populist rhetoric in a political system.
- Published
- 2021
40. Defeating JUUL’s Effort to Rewrite San Francisco’s E-Cigarette Regulations
- Author
-
Stanton A. Glantz and Neiloy R Sircar
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Public Policy ,Legislation ,Lawmaking ,Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ,Tobacco industry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Voting ,Political science ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,media_common ,Research & Analysis ,030505 public health ,United States Food and Drug Administration ,Vaping ,Public health ,Smoking ,Tobacco control ,Commerce ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Tobacco Products ,United States ,Smoke-Free Policy ,Ballot ,Framing (social sciences) ,Law ,San Francisco ,Public Health ,0305 other medical science - Abstract
In 2019, San Francisco, California, prohibited the sale of electronic cigarettes lacking US Food and Drug Administration authorization. JUUL then promoted a ballot initiative (Proposition C) to replace San Francisco’s e-cigarette legislation with legislation JUUL wrote that required future legislation to be approved by the voters. JUUL promoted Proposition C as a way to reduce youth e-cigarette use while allowing adult choice. Health groups argued that JUUL’s measure could nullify San Francisco’s prohibition on selling flavored tobacco products. Health groups benefitted from having an established campaign network that recently defended the flavor ban. They successfully framed Proposition C as a tobacco industry ploy to undo San Francisco’s e-cigarette regulations, particularly the prohibition on selling flavored tobacco products. JUUL ended its campaign on September 30, 2019, and the measure failed on election day, with 82% voting against it. Lessons learned from the campaign include the importance of framing an industry initiative as a threat to local public health lawmaking and the potential for the e-cigarette issue to attract parents as new leaders and engage a powerful constituency to support tobacco control measures.
- Published
- 2021
41. Stephen Colbert takes on Election 2020: #betterknowaballot, voter mobilization, and the return to playful participatory satire
- Author
-
Amy B. Becker
- Subjects
Voter registration ,Mobilization ,Ballot ,Public Administration ,Sociology and Political Science ,General Computer Science ,Political science ,Voting ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Turnout ,Citizen journalism ,Public administration ,media_common - Abstract
Focusing on the Better Know A Ballot initiative launched by Stephen Colbert to encourage voter registration and turnout in the 2020 Election, the research offers an in-depth analysis of Colbert’s s...
- Published
- 2021
42. Asian American Candidate Preferences: Evidence from California
- Author
-
Vivien Leung
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Vietnamese ,Population ,language.human_language ,Representation (politics) ,Race (biology) ,Voter registration ,Ballot ,Political economy ,Voting ,Political science ,language ,education ,Diversity (politics) ,media_common - Abstract
The diversity of the Asian American population presents challenges for theories of bloc voting, partisan voting, and descriptive representation. What cues (if any) do Asian American voters rely on? How informative are racial and partisan cues to Asian American voters. This article looks at the candidate preferences of Asian American voters in the 2018 election. I look at elections where an Asian American candidate was on the ballot and compare outcomes within district to the gubernatorial race (a race with no minorities on the ballot). I use surname-coded voter registration records and precinct-level vote returns to estimate Asian American candidate preferences as a racial group and by national-origin. I find strong evidence of national-origin preferences (i.e. Vietnamese for a Vietnamese candidate) among Asian American voters. In instances where the national-origin of the candidate and the national-origin of the voter did not align, voters seem to rely on partisan cues. National-origin preferences are sufficient enough that in one instance voters switched parties within the same election to vote for a candidate of the same national-origin. These findings have implications for theories of minority vote choice and challenges the existing literature on the strength of partisan cues (replication data can be found at: https://sites.google.com/view/vivienleung/research).
- Published
- 2021
43. The role of electronic management in developing the electoral process E-voting (template) An applied study on the electoral process in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
- Author
-
Suhaib Ahmad Eid Al-Manaseer
- Subjects
Digital citizenship ,Electronic voting ,Process (engineering) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING ,Democracy ,Education ,Ballot ,Voting ,Political science ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Election law ,General Psychology ,Law and economics ,media_common ,Pace - Abstract
This study is summarized in showing the role of modern means of technology and communication and their effect on developing the electoral process where through it we dealt a new concept which is the digital democracy as a major entry to the electronic voting. We realized that the modern means of technology and communication will perform a serious role in forming a new and modern election law that keeps pace with the informational and technical leap that the world witnesses and led to a radical change in many common concepts such as democracy, digital citizenship and replacing paper and ballot boxeswith the idea of electronic voting providing to surround it with insurances that some of them related to legal texts which strengthen it and others related to informational security and culture to reinforce trust of all in the new image of the traditional voting.
- Published
- 2021
44. Quality of politicians and electoral system. Evidence from a quasi-experimental design for Italian cities
- Author
-
Elena D'Agostino, Marco Alberto De Benedetto, and Giuseppe Sobbrio
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,education.field_of_study ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Population ,Closeness ,Educational attainment ,Politics ,Ballot ,Voting ,0502 economics and business ,Economics ,Regression discontinuity design ,Demographic economics ,Regressione discontinuity design, electoral system, education, political competition ,050207 economics ,education ,Quasi-experiment ,050205 econometrics ,media_common - Abstract
We study the effect of the electoral system (single-ballot vs runoff) on the quality of politicians, measured by the average educational attainment, at the local level in Italy over the period 1994–2017. By exploiting the discontinuous voting rule shift nearby the 15,000 population cut-off, we have implemented a RDD and found that the change in the electoral scheme leads to an overall downward variation in the educational attainment of local politicians by about 2 % compared to years of schooling of politicians in municipalities just below the cut-off. Findings are similar when we separately focus on the educational attainment of mayors and councilors, and when we use alternative measures of quality of politicians related both to the previous occupation and to previous political experience. However, different confounding policies related to the voting scheme change at the cut-off. We show that the negative effect is not directly related to the way politicians are elected (runoff vs single-ballot scheme) but to the number of lists supporting the mayoral candidates: in municipalities below 15,000 inhabitants candidates running for mayor are supported only by one single list, whereas above the cut-off mayoral candidates might be supported by more lists. Overall, we speculate that the negative impact produced by the treatment on the educational attainment of local politicians is explained by the different selection process of candidates adopted by political parties, rather than by voters’ preferences toward low-skilled politicians.
- Published
- 2021
45. Ballot position effects in open-list PR systems: the moderating impact of postal voting
- Author
-
Torren Frank and Michael Jankowski
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Comparative politics ,Context (language use) ,Advertising ,Ranked voting system ,language.human_language ,0506 political science ,German ,Politics ,Ballot ,Political science ,Voting ,0502 economics and business ,Political Science and International Relations ,050602 political science & public administration ,language ,Position (finance) ,050207 economics ,media_common - Abstract
Various studies demonstrate that candidates at the top of the party list have a strong advantage in preferential voting systems, particularly under open-list PR. Such ballot position effects can be explained by voters’ tendency to rely on easily available information shortcuts when selecting a candidate. In this paper, we argue that the strength of ballot position effects depends on the context of how voters cast their vote. Specifically, we argue that postal voters are less likely to rely on the ballot position cue compared to voters who vote on election day for two reasons. First, postal voters might be more politically interested. Second, postal voters have more time to assess additional information about the candidates. The hypothesis is tested by analyzing newly collected data from two open-list PR elections in the German federal state of Hamburg. The results confirm the theoretical expectations: Ballot position effects are substantively weaker among postal voters. Additional analyses suggest that differences in the political interest between postal voters and election day voters are unlikely to fully explain these results. These findings advance our understanding of ballot position effects and voters’ use of information shortcuts more generally.
- Published
- 2021
46. PriScore: Blockchain-Based Self-Tallying Election System Supporting Score Voting
- Author
-
Yang Yang, Zhangshuang Guan, HweeHwa Pang, Robert H. Deng, Jian Weng, and Zhiguo Wan
- Subjects
Soundness ,Security analysis ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Electronic voting ,Computer science ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Cryptography ,Encryption ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Ballot ,Voting ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,business ,computer ,ElGamal encryption ,media_common - Abstract
Election and voting play crucial roles in democratic society for an elactorate to make a collective decision. E-voting is one of the most challenging problems in cryptographic research to provide multiple dimensions security assurances. In this paper, we study an important voting paradigm, score voting, with privacy protection, which has not been investigated in previous work. We propose a blockchain based self-tallying election system to support score voting, dubbed “PriScore”, where the ballots are recorded on blockchain to prevent vote forgery or tampering. PriScore makes it possible for each voter to assign different evaluation scores (within a certain range) for the candidates as ranked-choice, where the sum of the scores in each ballot should be a predefined constant, and the evaluation scores are encrypted to maintain confidentiality. A major challenge in score voting is to simultaneously prove two constraint conditions: range proof and sum proof. We introduce a new technique, called dual zero-knowledge proof (dual-ZKP), to prove the scores satisfying two crucial requirements, which integrates “1-out-of- $K$ ” proof and distributed ElGamal crypto in a non-trivial way. The self-tallying mechanism in PriScore enables any party in the system to calculate and verify the election result, which provides fairness, dispute-freeness. The security analysis demonstrates that PriScore achieves completeness, soundness, eligibility, universal/individual verifiability and multiple-voting detection. We evaluate the performance of PriScore on modern workbench to test the performance, and also on a blockchain platform to measure the resource consumption. The experiments show that PriScore preserves privacy of score voting with reasonable overheads.
- Published
- 2021
47. Marching to the Ballot Box: Sex and Voting in the 2020 Election Cycle
- Author
-
Heather L. Ondercin
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,General Social Sciences ,Advertising ,02 engineering and technology ,0506 political science ,Ballot ,Voting ,Political science ,050602 political science & public administration ,media_common - Abstract
With the 2020 election marking the 100th anniversary of the ratification of the 19th Amendment, our attention has been keenly focused on women voters. Media coverage of women voters portrayed them as swing voters and focused on a small subgroup of women (white, married, mothers). I argue that women’s and men’s voting behavior in 2020 was highly similar to past elections and does not support the claims that women or a subgroup of women are swing voters. I illustrate the diversity of women’s voting behavior through analyzing the intersection of gender with race, ethnicity, education, marital status, and parental status. Even though women were not swing voters, women still play an important role in electoral politics, representing the majority of members in both the Democratic and Republican Parties and holding stronger attachments to these parties than men.
- Published
- 2020
48. Digital technologies in the electoral process: theoretical aspects of compliance with democratic standards
- Author
-
Iryna Zharovska and Vitaliy Kovalchuk
- Subjects
business.product_category ,electronic voting ,Electronic voting ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Suffrage ,Legislation ,ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING ,suffrage ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Voting ,Internet access ,elections ,electorate ,media_common ,digital technologies ,business.industry ,democratic standards ,Information technology ,General Medicine ,Transparency (behavior) ,Ballot ,business ,computer ,Law - Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the acceptability of the introduction of digital technologies in the electoral process and their compliance with democratic standards. It is indicated, that the Recommendation CM / Rec (2017) revised the problematic aspects of the legal regulation of electoral technologies in accordance with the current stage of development of science and information technology and today remains virtually the only agreed act, containing requirements for electronic voting. The most common digital technologies in the election process are highlighted: devices for direct recording of electronic voting without a paper ballot form; means of scanning the ballot; technical mechanisms for speeding up the counting of votes; online voting system via a computer or mobile device with Internet access; a device for voter identification online or at a polling station (including by recording fingerprints or the retina). The following essential principles of this method of election are summarized: clarity of procedure, reliability, stability of electoral legislation and broad public support. The authors highlight the following advantages of the electronic election system - the presence of a coordinated, verified, labile voter register; increases administrative efficiency; reduces long-term costs of financial and labor resources; eliminates the possibility of manipulation; speeds up the counting of votes; improves political transparency; overcomes the problems of ignorance of the electorate. The article proves that elections, referendums or other forms of democracy, conducted using digital technologies, must meet the requirements and general principles of suffrage. Legitimation of digital technologies is possible only in the absence of discriminatory advantages. Therefore, the possibility of using digital technologies is possible in the case of organizing the technical perfection of the electronic voting system and counting of votes, as well as their alternatives, along with the classic form of voting
- Published
- 2020
49. Mobilizing the Youth Vote? Early Voting on College Campuses
- Author
-
Enrijeta Shino and Daniel A. Smith
- Subjects
Early voting ,Ballot ,Voting ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political science ,Political economy ,Turnout ,Law ,Differential effects ,media_common - Abstract
Might additional opportunities to cast a ballot prior to Election Day increase the probability that an individual turns out to vote? More narrowly, does convenience voting have differential effects...
- Published
- 2020
50. Rancang Bangun Real Count E-voting Menggunakan Mikrokontroler
- Author
-
Inge Frastika Fitri and Derisma
- Subjects
Computer engineering. Computer hardware ,Web server ,Real Count ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,E-KTP ,NFC ,Process (computing) ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,computer.software_genre ,Computer security ,TK7885-7895 ,Identifier ,QA76.75-76.765 ,Fuel Technology ,Ballot ,Voting ,Web page ,Remuneration ,Table (database) ,Computer software ,computer ,media_common - Abstract
The purpose of this research is to implement an embeded system in a form of a device that can provide e-voting services and a realcount process that can quickly accumulate votes. With this device, it is expected to be a solution to conventional elections that are still prone to fraud, wasteful costs, and inefficient. This device applies NFC technology. Voter’s idcard is used as an identifier, the UID of voter’s idcard is read by the NFC reader and the verification process is running. Voters are entitled to vote if the voters' idcard number is verified and registered in the database. Here the voter will be allowed to proceed for choosing their preferred candidate from the pushbuttons. This device is expected to be saved huge cost by using pushbuttons instead of ballot papers. This device uses the SIM808 module as a data communication medium to send http packages containing uid and vote values to the webserver, to be further matched in a table in the database. When voters vote, the uid of the voter is stored in the results table in the following database with the value of the vote, and if an idcard with the same uid votes again, then the latest vote values will not be store. This method prevents duplication which often happens in conventional voting system. After whole voting ends, the final result is displayed on a web page in a graphical view for the satisfaction of voters. Voting and counting has become much faster and easier as the system doesn't really require counting personnel, therefore there has been a substantial reduction in the number of remuneration that is paid to them. This result menu can only be accessed after the specified time.
- Published
- 2020
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.