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BACKGROUND: Balance issues, which are more prevalent in older persons than in younger people, are one of the obstacles that come with ageing. Falls are a major public health concern because they are a primary cause of death and functional disability in older people. Dual-task training (DTT) have been showed that have satisfying effects on older adults. OBJECTIVES: To find the effect of dual task training on balance limitations in geriatric population. METHODOLOGY: A total of 66 patients were selected based on the inclusion criteria of both male and female participants, age more than 65 years, past one year fall history and no neurological problem. 61 out of 66 completed the research, with 5 people dropping out of the study. Out of these 61 patients (28 were males and 33 were females with a mean age of 69 years±4.073). The Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores were checked pre and post exercise application for any improvement in all the 61 patients. Data of 61 participants after a period of 4 weeks was obtained. The data was analysed using SPSS version 22. Wilcoxon signed ranks test was applied to compare baseline TUGT and BBS with follow up score. RESULTS: The mean pre TUGT was 16.98 seconds and mean post TUGT was 15.77 seconds and the mean pre BBS was 41 and post BBS was 50 at 95% confidence interval. The results were clinically not significant because the effect size was very small to be noticed, but were statistically significant as was shown p < 0.05. CONCLUSION: After comparison of the results of this study with other research studies, it was concluded that though the results were statistically significant, they lacked clinical significance. KEYWORDS: Core Stability, Geriatrics, Postural balance, Treatment Effectiveness

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of task specific virtual reality training for better ambulation in post stokes patients. Methodology This study was a quasi-experimental study (single group) with non-probability convenient sampling. Baseline assessment was taken at start of study and final assessment was done after 8 weeks. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze and record the data. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate mean and SD for all continuous data and percentages were calculated for all categorical data. Paired T test was used to compare mean change in continuous data before and after intervention. Results Although there was some improvement in pre and post scoring on outcome measurement scales applied in this study, still there is no significant difference between pre and post walking speed (P Value 0.702), TUG test (P Value 0.146), MAS scale (P Value 0.227), forward stepping test P Value (0.089) and functional reach test P Value (0.415). Conclusion. This study concluded that, VR based task specific training is an effective treatment for post stroke patients regarding their gait rehabilitation, as for scoring is concerned on different outcome measures but overall results are not statistically significant. Key Words Cerebrovascular Accident, Gait, Gait Disorders, Stroke, Virtual reality

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Physiotherapy, which is an important part of stroke rehabilitation, has been demonstrated to improve patient outcomes but there is no such conclusive evidence that shows any specific rehabilitation protocol being followed. Objective: To find the current practices of physical therapists for the rehabilitation of stroke patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Methodology: A cross study was conducted between November 2021 to April 2022 in which an online questionnaire was distributed to physiotherapists (n = 120) working in different hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The questionnaire acquired. has been adapted from previously conducted study in United states by P Natarajan et al examining stroke rehabilitation protocols. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS 22 version was used for the data analysis. Chi-square test was used to find the association of treatment protocols with experience, age, qualification and gender with P - value of 0.05 as reference. Results: The total calculated sample size was 120 but only 98 participants properly filled the questionnaire and were included in the study. The survey participants were asked about the stroke rehabilitation approaches they had used in their job and the treatment method they had learned in school. It was found that Bobath/NDT and PNF techniques were applied by majority of participants 77(78%), while MRP by N=73(74%), Brunnstorm by N= 54(54%) and Constrained Induced Therapy by N= 38%. Conclusion: Physiotherapists' approaches to treatment in stroke rehabilitation have been seen to differ. Lack of knowledge about the most recent treatment protocols and the lack of agreement on any single treatment method for stroke rehabilitation have been noticed by keeping in view the recent research evidence.

Background: Neck pain is one of the most common and prevalent health problems which may interrupt an individual’s well-being and productivity, making it a serious public health issue even if the consequences aren’t severe. It is a topic of keen interest among health professionals/practitioners, executives and policy makers in the health sector. Methodology: A was cross sectional survey was conducted over a time period of six months for determining the commonly used treatment approaches by the physical therapists of KP for neck pain For data collection census was performed, giving us the total sample of 120 which included all the physical therapists practicing in tertiary care and DHQ hospitals of KP. For data collection, a self-administered questionnaire from a previously published study was utilized. Frequency distribution was demonstrated with the help of percentages and counts while for comparing categorical variables, Chi-square test was utilized. To indicate Statistical significance, P value of

Background: Functional dry needling (FDN) is a technique, most commonly used by physical therapist for the management of musculoskeletal disorders. Hamstrings are one of the most commonly observed muscles prone to tightness. Functional dry needling (FDN) is considered a novel technique for the treatment of shortened hamstring. Objective: To explore the effects of functional dry needling (FDN) on the length of shortened hamstring muscle & lower extremity functional scale. Methodology: A quasi-experimental single group, Pretest-Posttest clinical design was conducted at Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital, Swat from September 2020 to March 2021. A total of 32 patients whose ages ranged from 18-40 years, had hamstring lengths less than 70O on goniometer during 90-90 SLR test, Subjects with other conditions such as pulled hamstrings, hyper lordosis, and flat back can lead to hamstring shortening were recruited in this study. The data was measured via goniometer, 90-90 SLR test and LEFs (Lower Extremity Functional Scale) before and immediately after treatment. Functional dry needling FDN was applied at certain points on the Biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus. Treatment time was kept at 20 sec for each muscle, total treatment time was 1 minute. Results: The male participants with a mean age of 29.59 ± 5.10 years were recruited. The majority of patients whose hamstring tightness was due to pulled hamstring (37.0%) followed by postural flat back (29.6 %), and lumber hyper lordosis (18.5%). The mean ±SD of hamstring length before and after intervention was 73.37 ± 3.99 & 77.93 ± 4.81. However, the mean ± SD of LEFS scores Pre and Post intervention was 54.44 ± 10.25 & 58.30 ± 11.13 respectively. A significant difference was observed in both Hamstring Length and in LEFS scores between pre- and post-study with a P=0.001 (P