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Employment has been shown to be a strong predictor of recovery in individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) and is often amongst the foremost reported goals of this population. Yet individuals with SMI continue to face high levels of unemployment and employment marginalisation. This article aims to outline three major career barriers unique to this population: interrupted vocational development, symptoms of the illness itself, and stigma and discrimination. Three theoretical lenses, Social Cognitive Career Theory, Cochran's Narrative Career Theory, and Chaos Theory of Careers, will be utilised to frame these issues and to identify relevant and effective career interventions for individuals with SMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jobs in the manufacturing sector have been largely relocated to countries offering a competitive advantage, particularly in terms of labour costs. For this reason, mid-career workers from this sector and from western countries have been largely displaced. These mid-career workers from the manufacturing sector are subsequently forced to compete for jobs in the newly booming service industry sector. This unplanned transition can be financially and psychologically challenging. This article investigates the consequences of institutional and individual stigma of unemployment as well as the mental health challenges associated with unemployment. Then three career psychology theories are applied as counselling strategies for this population, including Dawis and Lofquist's work adjustment theory; Krumboltz's social learning theory; and Cochran's narrative career counselling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer survivors experience both physical and cognitive changes after treatment that can impact their vocational well-being should they decide to return to work. In this article, we explore the ways in which career counselling interventions can address the challenges faced by cancer survivors as they re-enter the workforce. Four major career-related issues are outlined: physical functioning abilities, changes in cognitive functioning, changing perspectives and support. These issues are addressed using life-career transition and career counselling theories. Theory-informed helping strategies are considered for career counselling cancer survivors as they improve their vocational life and other aspects of personal well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to address issues of culture in counselling, with a particular emphasis on the links between culture, action, and counselling. It also addresses how action can be incorporated into counselling, with contextual action theory as an integrative framework. To this end, the article reviews the notion of culture and a general perspective of multicultural counselling that places culture into a helping context. It also discusses the issue of cultural values and norms, using individualism and collectivism as a major exemplar to illustrate how culture can affect action and interaction in a counselling context. It then provides ideas and helping methods of incorporating culture and action into counselling intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobility disabilities are common in Canada and impact over two million Canadians. As such, there is a need for career counsellors to better understand and address the challenges. This literature review article outlines various challenges that this population encounters, including adapting to mobility disabilities, requiring accommodations, facing financial needs, and experiencing loss. It also examines the interplay between the personal and career development needs of individuals with a mobility disability (i.e., people who are unable to engage in job-related activities due to mobility issues). Interventions from Super's life-span theory and Cochran's narrative career counselling theory will be discussed in relation to supporting individuals with mobility disabilities across their career challenges. The article concludes with pertinent considerations for career counsellors, raising awareness on unique issues like accommodation needs, misconceptions, and discrimination when working with this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the late twentieth century, there has been an increase in the number of families headed by a single female parent. Single mothers face a myriad of psychological, social, financial, and institutional challenges that impact wellbeing and career development. Career counselling efforts can provide support for single mothers' career development. In this effort, building better careers may ultimately help single mothers cope more effectively with challenges by diminishing financial strain and psychological distress while bolstering resources. The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical overview of conditions that impact the career development of single mothers and to offer relevant counselling models and intervention strategies. Counselling strategies to improve single mothers' self-efficacy and self-concept, address role conflict and overload, and advocate for single mothers are discussed using social cognitive career theory and Super's life-span, life space theory as models for support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with a history of gang membership face unique difficulties when transitioning out of gang participation and to alternative work. This transition can be of personal and social benefit but requires support to ensure that it is successful. Unfortunately, vocational supports for former gang members often overlook the psychological perspectives that are necessary for their career well-being. Our aim is to shed light on the common barriers former gang members face during their career transition, exploring the socio-environmental factors, identity development, and discrimination that many former gang members must overcome in a North American context. We also review major theories that promote the career well-being of former gang members and provide recommendations for counselling interventions to support their career transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a core component of culture, family influence plays an essential role on youths and individuals who grow up in families of Chinese cultural heritage in North America. This influence, overtly and covertly, shapes many aspects of these individuals' life experiences, including their work-life experiences and vocational behaviours. In this article I delineate the familial influence on work-life and careers in Chinese youths within a North American context, namely, the USA and Canada. To this end, I elaborate on the interactions between North American and Chinese cultures, family acculturation and intergeneration conflicts. Based on that, I propose ideas and career counselling strategies for Chinese North American youths struggling with negotiating between personal fulfilment and family obligation in their career development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an era of rapid development, the world is showing greater openness towards diversity and inclusiveness. There is also an increasing amount of career-related research that has shed light on the LGBTQ+ population. Still, the literature reports many career issues that concern young LGBTQ+ individuals. The current article aimed to highlight the contributing issues that might impact young LGBTQ+ groups' career development, mental health, and well-being – in particular, the issues of workplace hostility, the costs of self-identity disclosure, self-identity confusion, and inadequate career counselling and guidance services. These issues are discussed through the lens of three major career theories: Super's life-span, life-space theory, Gottfredson's circumscription and compromise theory, and Krumboltz's social learning theory. The aim was to equip career counsellors with a better understanding of the challenges facing LGBTQ+ youth and to suggest potentially useful interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the central missions of career counselling in higher education is to promote diversity, making the helping process more accessible and effective for students with special needs. With this goal in mind, some key issues pertaining to the career development needs and challenges of young university students with learning disabilities (LDs) are addressed in this article. The focus in the article is on the major psychological dynamics of the target group, linking LDs to the life-career experiences of these students in light of career maturity and career self-efficacy. Career counselling implications for this group are proposed, considering the role of the career counselling professionals in promoting social justice and supporting those with particular barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the diverse population of working women, those who experience pregnancy for the first time may face some particular challenges when it comes to their career development needs and issues. These include discrimination in the workplace, responding to social expectations and pressures, negotiating life roles, and evolving personal identities. This article discusses the major career problems encountered by this target group, both structurally and socially, with a focus on individual strategies to access personal agentic functioning and empower women facing these challenges. These workers are often overlooked in the career literature; yet, there is a range of career theories to draw upon to assist them in their needs. The application of the life-span, life-space career theory, and the narrative therapy approaches are explored in relation to the helping process. These two theoretical orientations were chosen as they address the particular challenges faced by pregnant women in the workplace, especially around negotiating life roles and an evolving personal identity. There is a need for a stronger understanding of these challenges and opportunities to support pregnant women as they seek vocational wellbeing, and how to tailor suitable, well-established career counselling strategies to meet their unique needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors propose a constructivist theory of career human agency to integrate and update the existing career theoretical models to better address the current postmodern zeitgeist. The career human agency theory (CHAT) represents a metatheory of career psychology guided by the principles of Bandura's human agency framework and informs career development practice and counseling interventions. CHAT promotes the enactment of personal, proxy, and collective agency in the face of uncertainty and adversity. This article describes 4 pillar principles of career agency and provides concrete examples for career counseling application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vocational and career wellbeing is of essential importance for the successful reintegration of ex-offenders back into civil society, becoming healthy and productive citizens who contribute to the common good of the general society in which they live. Within a Canadian context, this article intends to draw attention to the vocational wellbeing of adult ex-offenders who have served time in prison after a conviction. To this end, the article identifies the major career issues for ex-offenders, and then links theoretical knowledge and research evidence to career development interventions to counter career problems experienced by this population. It sheds light on the pertinence of utilizing career theories to inform and direct career counselling interventions that can improve and enhance the career wellness of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The career landscape for doctoral and postdoctoral trainees has significantly changed in recent decades. There is now an oversupply of PhD graduates in the science and engineering fields relative to the availability of academic positions, and jobs outside of academia have now become the norm. Doctoral training programmes have failed to keep pace with this change, and many trainees who are forced to rethink academic career aspirations feel unprepared for today's job market. Intertwined with this are challenges associated with life stage and school-to-work transition, which make the career development issues facing doctoral and postdoctoral trainees unique and complex. The aim of this article is to shed light on these issues and to examine them through the lens of career development theories. Social cognitive career theory offers insight into the factors that influence career development in doctoral and postdoctoral trainees, and narrative career counselling can serve as a valuable intervention for this population to help shape their future career, whether within or outside of academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored Canadian young women's experiences of having received pressure from one or both parents regarding their career choices and future, within the context of their career exploration. Using Charmaz' grounded theory approach, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 undergraduate female students who were experiencing or had experienced parental pressure. Analyses of participant narratives revealed several key themes. Career conversations with parents were described as one-sided and unhelpful. Participants described feeling frustrated, confused and inferior during and after these conversations and described feeling anxious in response to pressure. Nine felt that their feelings of control over their career environments were limited by parental pressure. Participants felt a desire to comply with parental career wishes and felt close to parents. These findings demonstrate that parental pressure could result in negative emotional responses and internal conflict in young adult women. This has negative consequences for their emotional well-being and career exploration processes. However, five felt that parental pressure increased their feelings of control over their career environment. More research is needed to clarify the role of parental pressure on young women's career exploration. These results have practical implications for career counsellors working with young women and counsellors working with parents, including providing education about the impact of parental pressure and ensuring that they are feeling heard during career conversations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The journalism industry and particularly the professionals it employs are facing considerable amounts of stress and tension in a living world that is now entangled by many issues and challenges. As a result, making a career in the realm of journalism has brought unique issues that can have a vital impact on the vocational well-being of journalists. This article examines the contributing factors – in particular, emotional distress, unfavourable working conditions, and a poor balance between work and life – which are putting the career well-being of journalists in jeopardy. It also provides recommendations for how career counsellors, who are directed by key tenants from career development theoretical approaches, can utilize counselling interventions to address the issues affecting the career well-being of journalists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of occupational and career burnout in nurses has received recent attention from academia, the media, and health care practitioners. Research surrounding career burnout often adopts a health perspective and focuses on the psychological well-being of nurses. While acknowledging the vital importance of a health perspective, this article contends that the ability to cultivate a sense of career well-being may act as an antidote to the occupational and career burnout in the nursing profession. To examine the relationship between career burnout and career well-being in nurses, the article explores the many ways career counsellors can be of service to clients in the nursing profession, improving clients’ career well-being via the enhancement of effective coping skills. In particular, the phenomenon of career burnout and its related issues and factors in nurses are identified and analysed. Guided by key tenets from career development theoretical approaches, counselling interventions are proposed to address the unique occupational burnout issue in the nursing profession, aiming to further the career well-being of nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of International Journal for Educational & Vocational Guidance is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite their high intellectual caliber, gifted high school students may experience very unique barriers and challenges in their career exploration and planning. As such, this group of students need much help when it comes to career guidance and counseling in the school setting. Being cognizant of this reality, the current article attempts to apply key tenets of career development and career counseling theories to the helping context of career guidance and counseling for gifted high school students. It examines the unique career-related barriers and challenges faced by this student population, drawing attention to the complexity of the issue in the context of intellectual giftedness as experienced by the target group. It then proposes theory-informed career guidance and counseling interventions for the target group. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In addressing the significant role of career counselling as a key element for the entire counselling profession, this article points to the need of strengthening career counselling training in counsellor education. It argues that counsellor training programs and counsellor educators should draw more attention to the career counselling component in training. It also proposes some considerations of consolidating and refining the career counselling component in counsellor preparation, with a focus on helping counsellor trainees acquire theoretical knowledge and accumulate clinical competency in the career counselling domain. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of International Journal for Educational & Vocational Guidance is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

New and professional immigrants encounter extreme hardships and difficulties in their career experience after arriving in Canada. In addition to underemployment or unemployment concerns, new and professional immigrants endure many cross-cultural barriers. This article attempts to examine the application of career development theories in the context of career development and counselling for new and professional immigrants. It begins with a discussion of some of the barriers that affect new and professional immigrants' career development. Subsequently, it reviews some of the key facets of social cognitive career theory, as well a narrative career counselling approach, and how they specifically relate to new and professional immigrants' career development. The article concludes with intervention strategies, implications and support strategies aimed at dealing with the career development and career counselling needs of new and professional immigrants in Canada. The problems, concepts and solutions will also apply in other settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the differential impact of an educational intervention on high school students' career maturity based on gender. Dimensions of career maturity investigated include congruence, career certainty, career indecision, career decision-making self-efficacy and career exploration. Females were found to increase significantly in congruence and decrease significantly in career indecision as a result of the intervention. Males' career decision-making self-efficacy was positively and significantly affected by the intervention, and the extent of their career engagement was found to have been significantly and negatively affected. These gender differences suggest the development of career maturation occurs differentially for males and females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors discuss the connection between the work-family conflict literature and some career development and counseling theories, attempting to use theoretical tenets for the development of effective helping interventions. The focus is on female workers' experience of work-family conflict, given that this group is more exposed to and negatively affected by such conflict in their personal and vocational lives. Career counseling implications are discussed in an effort to identify more effective helping and coping strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female immigrant workers encounter unique challenges in their worklife transition to the hostcountry environment, centring on factors such as ethnicity, gender, and cross-cultural adjustment. When these factors interact and intertwine with other social, economic, and cultural norms and demands in the host environment, immigrant women often find themselves confronted by additional difficulties and barriers that go beyond those faced by male immigrant workers as well as local working women. When assisting immigrant women to deal with their career problems, occupational psychologists and career counsellors need an understanding of such factors and their implications for developing more effective helping methods that are culturally appropriate, gender sensitive, and person-centred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's career development is more complex than that of men due to a number of internal and external barriers, including early gender-role orientation, employment inequities, and family responsibilities, which both complicate and restrict women's career choices and advancement. This paper attempts to examine the application of career development theoretical models in the context of career development and counselling for women. It begins with a discussion of some of the internal and external barriers associated with North American women's career development. It then briefly reviews some of the key tenets from three career development theories, namely, Gottfredson's theory of circumscription, compromise, and self-creation, Super's life-span, life-space theory, and the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) in relation specifically to women's career development experiences. The paper concludes with considerations of intervention strategies that aim to address the particular needs of women, including essential aspects such as the counsellor's knowledge and skill, and relevant helping approaches and methods that pertain to the career welfare of female clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Career counselling aims to help clients become more effective agents in solving problems in their vocational aspects of life. To achieve this goal, theorists and practitioners are called upon to form useful helping approaches that can help clients in a more efficient and effective manner. This article proposes an alternative model toward this end by considering and adopting principles and techniques from the solution-focused therapy in career counselling practice. After a very brief introduction of the basic features of the solution-focused counselling, the paper reviews some key theoretical principles of the solution-focused therapy, and connects these principles to career counselling context. It then illustrates several solution-focused counselling techniques that are particularly applicable to career counselling intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rooted in A. Bandura's (1982, 2001b) social cognitive theory, the notion of human agency has received considerable attention in vocational and career psychology for the last 2 decades, especially with the recent emergence of social constructivist thinking in the field. This article continues in the same direction. In reviewing the notion of human agency in the broad life-career context, the article illustrates and highlights the constructivist philosophy of human intention and action that constitutes the conceptual foundation of career human agency. Implications for career counseling are discussed with suggestions for using and enhancing agentic functioning in individuals' life-career development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High school students in North America, namely, the United States and Canada, encounter the challenge of the school-to-school and school-to-work transition, and they need considerable help for career guidance and counselling. Yet, the guidance and counselling resources of the school system are often stretched to their limits. This article proposes an alternative for the career guidance initiative to reach out to a massive student population by establishing effective counsellor-teacher collaboration in the classroom setting. The background and rationale for this collaboration will be examined and the critical communication dynamics and process in forming this collaboration will be elaborated on. Finally, several collaboration strategies are offered that can work to enhance classroom-based career education and guidance initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the practice and research literature in career counseling and development in 1998. Publications on contexts and populations; Career processes; Literature on career assessment.

To comprehend individuals' life transition to the student career in the higher education context, this literature review commands attention to three major aspects: identity negotiation, social connectedness, and academic competence. It is noted that while the three aspects are interrelated to one another, there are also interweaving sub-psychosocial dynamics within each facet. A look at the basic characteristics and interplay of these aspects attempts to provide a more complete picture of college and university students' adjustment experiences. Counselling guidelines parallel to these considerations are highlighted for helping students cope more effectively with the transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the importance of the perspectivity, projectivity and perseverance in coping with the clients' life career development. Challenges in people's worklife; Suggestions on the application of the 3Ps in vocational guidance and counselling.