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1. The association between objective vision impairment and mild cognitive impairment among older adults in low- and middle-income countries

Author

Hans Oh, Ai Koyanagi, Guillermo F. López-Sánchez, Jae Il Shin, Yvonne Barnett, Lee Smith, Pinar Soysal, Louis Jacob, Laurie T. Butler, Nicola Veronese, Shahina Pardhan, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Institute on Aging, NIA: 08-CN-0020, OGHA 04034785, R01-AG034479, R21-AG034263, Y1-AG-1005, YA1323, This paper uses data from WHO?s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE). SAGE is supported by the U.S. National Institute on Aging through Interagency Agreements OGHA 04034785, YA1323?08-CN-0020, Y1-AG-1005?01 and through research grants R01-AG034479 and R21-AG034263., Smith, L., Shin, J.I., Jacob, L., López-Sánchez, G.F., Oh, H., Barnett, Y., Pardhan, S., Butler, L., Soysal, P., Veronese, N., Koyanagi, A., and SOYSAL, PINAR

Subjects
Male, Gerontology, China, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Visual impairment, Vision impairment, Logistic regression, Odds, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, Dementia, Cognitive Dysfunction, 030212 general & internal medicine, Association (psychology), Developing Countries, Aged, Low- and middle-income countries, business.industry, Mild cognitive impairment, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Smith L., Shin J. I. , Jacob L., López-Sánchez G. F. , Oh H., Barnett Y., Pardhan S., Butler L., Soysal P., Veronese N., et al., -The association between objective vision impairment and mild cognitive impairment among older adults in low- and middle-income countries.-, Aging clinical and experimental research, 2021, Vision impairment, Mild cognitive impairment, Older adults, Low- and middle-income countries, Epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Ageing, Older adults, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Aim: The association between visual impairment and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has not been investigated to date. Thus, we assessed this association among older adults from six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (China, India, Ghana, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa) using nationally representative datasets. Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. Visual acuity was measured using the tumbling ElogMAR chart, and vision impairment (at distance and near) was defined as visual acuity worse than 6/18 (0.48 logMAR) in the better-seeing eye. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted. Results: Data on 32,715 individuals aged ≥ 50years [mean (SD) age 62.1 (15.6) years; 51.2% females] were analyzed. Compared to those without far or near vision impairment, those with near vision impairment but not far vision impairment (OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.16–1.52), and those with both far and near vision impairment (OR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.27–2.29) had significantly higher odds for MCI. Only having far vision impairment was not significantly associated with MCI. Conclusions: Visual impairment is associated with increased odds for MCI among older adults in LMICs with the exception of far vision impairment only. Future longitudinal and intervention studies should examine causality and whether improvements in visual acuity, or early intervention, can reduce risk for MCI and ultimately, dementia. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG part of Springer Nature.

Published
2021

2. Retinal findings in pediatric patients with Usher syndrome Type 1 due to mutations in MYO7A gene

Author

Jaume Català-Mora, Olaia Subirà, Jesús Díaz-Cascajosa, J.M. Caminal, M. A. Claveria, Joan Prat, Natalia Coll-Alsina, Noel Padrón-Pérez, Christine Petit, Crystel Bonnet, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat [Barcelona, Spain], Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona], Syndrome de Usher et autres atteintes rétino-cochléaires, Institut de la Vision, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ED 515 - Complexité du vivant, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Chaire Génétique et physiologie cellulaire, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), This work received no funding, We thank the families HEALTH-F2-2010-242013 (TREATRUSH). We also thank Bradley Londres for editing and improving the use of English in this document and Dr. Anne Kurtenbach for her critical review and comments of this paper., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Collège de France - Chaire Génétique et physiologie cellulaire

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, Adolescent, genetic structures, MYO7A, Usher syndrome, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Visual Acuity, Retina, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Ophthalmology, Medicine, Humans, Fluorescein Angiography, External limiting membrane, Child, Melanosome, Retrospective Studies, Retinal pigment epithelium, business.industry, Usher Syndrome Type 1, Retinal, medicine.disease, eye diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Child, Preschool, Myosin VIIa, Mutation, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Female, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Usher Syndromes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Tomography, Optical Coherence
Abstract

International audience; Purpose: To describe retinal alterations detected by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in paediatric patients with Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1) and to compare these findings to previously published reports.Methods: Thirty-two eyes from 16 patients (11 males and 5 females) with a genetic diagnosis of USH1 because of MYO7A mutations underwent SS-OCT. Patients ranged in age from 4 to 17 years (mean, 11,13 ± 4,29). The subfoveal and macular area were analysed with SS-OCT at 1050 nm using 12 radial scans of 12.0 mm. Structural abnormalities were evaluated and correlated with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).Results: The most common qualitative retinal abnormality was external layer damage in macular area. Specific alterations included external limiting membrane loss/disruption (27 eyes; 84.4%), disruption of the Myoid zone (27 eyes; 84.4%); Ellipsoid zone disruption (28 eyes; 87.5%), and loss of the outer segments (29 eyes; 90.6%). The damage of the retinal pigment epithelium was divided according to the loss of the different layers: phagosome zone (30 eyes; 93.8%), melanosome zone (29 eyes; 90.6%) and mitochondria zone (0 eyes; 0%). The presence of cystoid macular oedema (CMO) was significantly correlated with alterations in photoreceptors. Disruption or absence of the myoid and ellipsoid zones of the photoreceptors were the only variables independently associated with decreased BCVA.Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the physiopathologic basis of early-stage Usher syndrome (USH) may be changes in the outer retinal layer, particularly the photoreceptors, which in turn may cause alterations-such as CMO-in the inner retinal layers. Accordingly, monitoring the condition of photoreceptors during follow-up may be advisable for the early detection of pathologic changes.

Published
2020