7 results on '"Kapoor, Vishal"'
Search Results
2. Longitudinal molecular microbial analysis of influenza-like illness in New York City, May 2009 through May 2010.
- Author
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Tokarz R, Kapoor V, Wu W, Lurio J, Jain K, Mostashari F, Briese T, and Lipkin WI
- Subjects
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques methods, Humans, Incidence, New York City epidemiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Virology methods, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Infections virology, Virus Diseases epidemiology, Virus Diseases virology, Viruses classification, Viruses isolation & purification
- Abstract
Background: We performed a longitudinal study of viral etiology in samples collected in New York City during May 2009 to May 2010 from outpatients with fever or respiratory disease symptoms in the context of a pilot respiratory virus surveillance system., Methods: Samples were assessed for the presence of 13 viruses, including influenza A virus, by MassTag PCR., Results: At least one virus was detected in 52% of 940 samples analyzed, with 3% showing co-infections. The most frequently detected agents were rhinoviruses and influenza A, all representing the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain. The incidence of influenza H1N1-positive samples was highest in late spring 2009, followed by a decline in summer and early fall, when rhinovirus infections became predominant before H1N1 reemerged in winter. Our study also identified a focal outbreak of enterovirus 68 in the early fall of 2009., Conclusion: MassTag multiplex PCR affords opportunities to track the epidemiology of infectious diseases and may guide clinicians and public health practitioners in influenza-like illness and outbreak management. Nonetheless, a substantial proportion of influenza-like illness remains unexplained underscoring the need for additional platforms.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Multiplex MassTag-PCR for respiratory pathogens in pediatric nasopharyngeal washes negative by conventional diagnostic testing shows a high prevalence of viruses belonging to a newly recognized rhinovirus clade.
- Author
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Dominguez SR, Briese T, Palacios G, Hui J, Villari J, Kapoor V, Tokarz R, Glodé MP, Anderson MS, Robinson CC, Holmes KV, and Lipkin WI
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Child, Preschool, Enterovirus isolation & purification, Enterovirus Infections epidemiology, Enterovirus Infections virology, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Picornaviridae Infections epidemiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Prevalence, Nasopharynx virology, Picornaviridae Infections virology, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Infections virology, Rhinovirus classification, Rhinovirus isolation & purification, Virus Diseases epidemiology, Virus Diseases virology
- Abstract
Background: Respiratory infections are the most common infectious diseases in humans worldwide and are a leading cause of death in children less than 5 years of age., Objectives: Identify candidate pathogens in pediatric patients with unexplained respiratory disease., Study Design: Forty-four nasopharyngeal washes collected during the 2004-2005 winter season from pediatric patients with respiratory illnesses that tested negative for 7 common respiratory pathogens by culture and direct immunofluorescence assays were analyzed by MassTag-PCR. To distinguish human enteroviruses (HEV) and rhinoviruses (HRV), samples positive for picornaviruses were further characterized by sequence analysis., Results: Candidate pathogens were detected by MassTag PCR in 27 of the 44 (61%) specimens that previously were rated negative. Sixteen of these 27 specimens (59%) contained picornaviruses; of these 9 (57%) contained RNA of a recently discovered clade of rhinoviruses. Bocaviruses were detected in three patients by RT-PCR., Conclusions: Our study confirms that multiplex MassTag-PCR enhances the detection of pathogens in clinical specimens, and shows that previously unrecognized rhinoviruses, that potentially form a species HRV-C, may cause a significant amount of pediatric respiratory disease.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Diagnostic system for rapid and sensitive differential detection of pathogens.
- Author
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Briese T, Palacios G, Kokoris M, Jabado O, Liu Z, Renwick N, Kapoor V, Casas I, Pozo F, Limberger R, Perez-Brena P, Ju J, and Lipkin WI
- Subjects
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid microbiology, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid virology, Humans, Nasal Lavage Fluid microbiology, Nasal Lavage Fluid virology, RNA, Bacterial chemistry, RNA, Bacterial genetics, RNA, Viral chemistry, RNA, Viral genetics, Respiratory Tract Infections microbiology, Respiratory Tract Infections virology, Sputum microbiology, Sputum virology, Bacterial Infections diagnosis, Respiratory Tract Infections diagnosis, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Virus Diseases diagnosis
- Abstract
Naturally emerging and deliberately released pathogens demand new detection strategies to allow early recognition and containment. We describe a diagnostic system for rapid, sensitive, multiplex discrimination of microbial gene sequences and report its application for detecting 22 respiratory pathogens in clinical samples.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Streptococcus pneumoniae Coinfection Is Correlated with the Severity of H1N1 Pandemic Influenza.
- Author
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Palacios, Gustavo, Hornig, Mady, Cisterna, Daniel, Savji, Nazir, Bussetti, Ana Valeria, Kapoor, Vishal, Hui, Jeffrey, Tokarz, Rafal, Briese, Thomas, Baumeister, Elsa, and Ian Lipkin, W.
- Subjects
STREPTOCOCCUS pneumoniae ,H1N1 influenza ,VIRAL genomes ,BACTERIA ,PANDEMICS ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,VIRUS diseases - Abstract
Background: Initial reports in May 2009 of the novel influenza strain H1N1pdm estimated a case fatality rate (CFR) of 0.6%, similar to that of seasonal influenza. In July 2009, however, Argentina reported 3056 cases with 137 deaths, representing a CFR of 4.5%. Potential explanations for increased CFR included virus reassortment or genetic drift, or infection of a more vulnerable population. Virus genomic sequencing of 26 Argentinian samples representing both severe and mild disease indicated no evidence of reassortment, mutations associated with resistance to antiviral drugs, or genetic drift that might contribute to virulence. Furthermore, no evidence was found for increased frequency of risk factors for H1N1pdm disease. Methods/Principal Findings: We examined nasopharyngeal swab samples (NPS) from 199 cases of H1N1pdm infection from Argentina with MassTag PCR, testing for 33 additional microbial agents. The study population consisted of 199 H1N1pdm-infected subjects sampled between 23 June and 4 July 2009. Thirty-nine had severe disease defined as death (n = 20) or hospitalization (n = 19); 160 had mild disease. At least one additional agent of potential pathogenic importance was identified in 152 samples (76%), including Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 62); Haemophilus influenzae (n = 104); human respiratory syncytial virus A (n = 11) and B (n = 1); human rhinovirus A (n = 1) and B (n = 4); human coronaviruses 229E (n = 1) and OC43 (n = 2); Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 2); Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 2); Serratia marcescens (n = 1); and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 35) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA, n = 6). The presence of S. pneumoniae was strongly correlated with severe disease. S. pneumoniae was present in 56.4% of severe cases versus 25% of mild cases; more than one-third of H1N1pdm NPS with S. pneumoniae were from subjects with severe disease (22 of 62 S. pneumoniaepositive NPS, p = 0.0004). In subjects 6 to 55 years of age, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of severe disease in the presence of S. pneumoniae was 125.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.95, 928.72; p<0.0001). Conclusions/Significance: The association of S. pneumoniae with morbidity and mortality is established in the current and previous influenza pandemics. However, this study is the first to demonstrate the prognostic significance of non-invasive antemortem diagnosis of S. pneumoniae infection and may provide insights into clinical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. MassTag polymerase chain reaction for differential diagnosis of viral hemorrhagic fever.
- Author
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Palacios, Gustavo, Briese, Thomas, Kapoor, Vishal, Jabado, Omar, Zhiqiang Liu, Venter, Marietjie, Junhui Zhai, Renwick, Neil, Grolla, Allen, Geisbert, Thomas W., Drosten, Christian, Towner, Jonathan, Jingyue Ju, Paweska, Janusz, Nichol, Stuart T., Swanepoel, Robert, Feldmann, Heinz, Jahrling, Peter B., Lipkin, W. Ian, and Liu, Zhiqiang
- Subjects
VIRUS diseases ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,FEVER ,ETIOLOGY of diseases ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry ,COMPARATIVE studies ,COMPUTER software ,DIFFERENTIAL diagnosis ,HEMORRHAGIC fever ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,EVALUATION research ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic fevers are associated with high rates of illness and death. Although therapeutic options are limited, early differential diagnosis has implications for containment and may aid in clinical management. We describe a diagnostic system for rapid, multiplex polymerase chain reaction identification of 10 different causes of viral hemorrhagic fevers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Longitudinal molecular microbial analysis of influenza-like illness in New York City, may 2009 through may 2010
- Author
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Tokarz, Rafal, Kapoor, Vishal, Wu, Winfred, Lurio, Joseph, Jain, Komal, Mostashari, Farzad, Briese, Thomas, and Lipkin, W. Ian
- Subjects
Public health ,Epidemiology ,viruses ,virus diseases ,Communicable diseases ,3. Good health - Abstract
We performed a longitudinal study of viral etiology in samples collected in New York City during May 2009 to May 2010 from outpatients with fever or respiratory disease symptoms in the context of a pilot respiratory virus surveillance system. Samples were assessed for the presence of 13 viruses, including influenza A virus, by MassTag PCR. At least one virus was detected in 52% of 940 samples analyzed, with 3% showing co-infections. The most frequently detected agents were rhinoviruses and influenza A, all representing the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain. The incidence of influenza H1N1-positive samples was highest in late spring 2009, followed by a decline in summer and early fall, when rhinovirus infections became predominant before H1N1 reemerged in winter. Our study also identified a focal outbreak of enterovirus 68 in the early fall of 2009. MassTag multiplex PCR affords opportunities to track the epidemiology of infectious diseases and may guide clinicians and public health practitioners in influenza-like illness and outbreak management. Nonetheless, a substantial proportion of influenza-like illness remains unexplained underscoring the need for additional platforms.
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