1. SARS-CoV-2 evolved during advanced HIV disease immunosuppression has Beta-like escape of vaccine and Delta infection elicited immunity
- Author
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Shi-Hsia Hwa, Khadija Khan, Tandile Hermanus, Alex Sigal, Farina Karim, Yashica Ganga, Willem A. Hanekom, Ntombifuthi Mthabela, Bernadett I Gosnell, Wesley C. Van Voorhis, Penny L. Moore, Houriiyah Tegally, Eduan Wilkinson, Salim S. Abdool Karim, San Emmanuel James, Tulio de Oliveira, Jumari Snyman, Sasha W Tilles, Jennifer Giandhari, Sandile Cele, Thumbi Ndung'u, Mahomed-Yunus S. Moosa, Mallory Bernstein, Gila Lustig, Matilda Mazibuko, and Richard J Lessells
- Subjects
Adult ,Delta variant ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Evolution ,Vaccine Efficacy ,HIV Infections ,Antibodies, Viral ,Article ,Neutralization ,Virus ,Cell Line ,Serology ,Immunocompromised Host ,South Africa ,Immunogenicity, Vaccine ,Neutralization Tests ,Immunity ,Chlorocebus aethiops ,Animals ,Humans ,Beta (finance) ,Vero Cells ,BNT162 Vaccine ,Immune Evasion ,Variants of concern ,biology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Immune escape ,Transmission (medicine) ,Vaccination ,HIV ,COVID-19 ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,Phenotype ,Virology ,Beta variant ,Advanced HIV disease ,HIV-1 ,biology.protein ,Female ,Antibody - Abstract
Summary Characterizing SARS-CoV-2 evolution in specific geographies may help predict the properties of variants coming from these regions. We mapped neutralization of a SARS-CoV-2 strain that evolved over 6 months from the ancestral virus in a person with advanced HIV disease. Infection was before the emergence of the Beta variant first identified in South Africa, and the Delta variant. We compared early and late evolved virus to the ancestral, Beta, Alpha, and Delta viruses and tested against convalescent plasma from ancestral, Beta, and Delta infections. Early virus was similar to ancestral, whereas late virus was similar to Beta, exhibiting vaccine escape and, despite pre-dating Delta, strong escape of Delta-elicited neutralization. This example is consistent with the notion that variants arising in immune-compromised hosts, including those with advanced HIV disease, may evolve immune escape of vaccines and enhanced escape of Delta immunity, with implications for vaccine breakthrough and reinfections., Graphical Abstract
- Published
- 2021
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