1. Intranasal IgG4/7 antibody responses protect horses against equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection including nasal virus shedding and cell-associated viremia.
- Author
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Perkins G, Babasyan S, Stout AE, Freer H, Rollins A, Wimer CL, and Wagner B
- Subjects
- Administration, Intranasal, Animals, Female, Herpesviridae Infections immunology, Herpesviridae Infections prevention & control, Herpesviridae Infections virology, Herpesvirus 1, Equid drug effects, Herpesvirus 1, Equid genetics, Herpesvirus 1, Equid physiology, Herpesvirus Vaccines immunology, Horse Diseases immunology, Horse Diseases virology, Horses, Male, Nasal Mucosa immunology, Nasal Mucosa virology, Vaccination, Viremia immunology, Viremia prevention & control, Viremia virology, Virus Shedding, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Herpesviridae Infections veterinary, Herpesvirus 1, Equid immunology, Herpesvirus Vaccines administration & dosage, Horse Diseases prevention & control, Immunoglobulin G immunology, Viremia veterinary
- Abstract
Equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) outbreaks continue despite widely used vaccination. We demonstrated previously that an ORF1/ORF71 gene deletion mutant of the EHV-1 strain Ab4 (Ab4ΔORF1/71) is less virulent than its parent Ab4 virus. Here, we describe the Ab4 challenge infection evaluating protection induced by the Ab4ΔORF1/71 vaccine candidate. Susceptible control horses developed respiratory disease, fever, nasal shedding, and viremia. Full protection after challenge infection was observed in 5/5 previously Ab4 infected horses and 3/5 Ab4ΔORF1/71 horses. Two Ab4ΔORF1/71 horses developed short-lasting viremia and/or virus shedding. Protective immunity in the respiratory tract was characterized by pre-existing EHV-1-specific IgG4/7 antibodies, the absence of IFN-α secretion and rapidly increasing IgG4/7 upon challenge infection. Pre-existing systemic EHV-1-specific IgG4/7 highly correlated with protection. T-cell immunity was overall low. In conclusion, protective immunity against EHV-1 infection including prevention of viremia was associated with robust systemic and intranasal IgG4/7 antibodies suggesting immediate virus neutralization at the local site., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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