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OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of genital burn which raised the suspicion of maltreatment (sexual abuse and neglect by lack of supervision).CASE DESCRIPTION: An infant was taken to the Emergency Room of a pediatric hospital with an extensive burn in the vulva and perineum. The mother claimed the burn had been caused by a sodium-hydroxide-based product. However, the injury severity led to the suspicion of sexual abuse, which was then ruled out by a multidisciplinary team, based on the consistent report by the mother. Besides, the lesion type matched those caused by the chemical agent involved in the accident and the family context was evaluated and considered adequate. The patient had a favorable outcome and was discharged after four days of hospitalization. Outpatient follow-up during six months after the accident enabled the team to rule out neglect by lack of supervision.COMMENTS: Accidents and violence are frequent causes of physical injuries in children, and the differential diagnosis between them can be a challenge for healthcare workers, especially in rare clinical conditions involving patients who cannot speak for themselves. The involvement of a multidisciplinary trained team helps to have an adequate approach, ensuring child protection and developing a bond with the family; the latter is essential for a continued patient follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of genital burn which raised the suspicion of maltreatment (sexual abuse and neglect by lack of supervision).CASE DESCRIPTION: An infant was taken to the Emergency Room of a pediatric hospital with an extensive burn in the vulva and perineum. The mother claimed the burn had been caused by a sodium-hydroxide-based product. However, the injury severity led to the suspicion of sexual abuse, which was then ruled out by a multidisciplinary team, based on the consistent report by the mother. Besides, the lesion type matched those caused by the chemical agent involved in the accident and the family context was evaluated and considered adequate. The patient had a favorable outcome and was discharged after four days of hospitalization. Outpatient follow-up during six months after the accident enabled the team to rule out neglect by lack of supervision.COMMENTS: Accidents and violence are frequent causes of physical injuries in children, and the differential diagnosis between them can be a challenge for healthcare workers, especially in rare clinical conditions involving patients who cannot speak for themselves. The involvement of a multidisciplinary trained team helps to have an adequate approach, ensuring child protection and developing a bond with the family; the latter is essential for a continued patient follow-up. OBJETIVO:Describir un caso de quemadura de los genitales que llevó a la sospecha de malos tratos (abuso sexual y negligencia de supervisión).DESCRIPCIÓN DEL CASO: Lactante fue llevada a la Emergencia de un hospital pediátrico por lesión extensa en región de la vulva y entre la vagina y el ano. La madre alegaba quemadura por producto a base de soda cáustica, pero la gravedad de la lesión llevó el equipo a sospechar de abuso sexual. La sospecha fue alejada por equipo multidisciplinario con base en el relato consistente de la madre, en el tipo de lesión compatible con el agente químico implicado en el accidente y en la evaluación del contexto de vida familiar. El cuadro clínico evolucionó de manera satisfactoria, siendo dada alta después de cuatro días de internación. El seguimiento ambulatorial en los seis meses posteriores permitió alejar también una posible situación de negligencia de supervisión, con base en la historia previa del niño, en su estado de salud y en la observación de los vínculos familiares existentes y de los cuidados dispensados por la familia a lo largo del tiempo.COMENTARIOS:Accidentes y violencia son causas frecuentes de lesiones físicas en niños, siendo el diagnóstico diferencial de ambos un desafío para los profesionales, especialmente frente a cuadros clínicos raros en pacientes que todavía no verbalizan. La actuación de equipo multidisciplinario con profesionales instrumentalizados para ese tipo de atención ayuda en la conducción adecuada, garantizando la protección del niño y la creación de vínculo con la familia, lo que es esencial para un posterior seguimiento que haga viable la observación continuada del caso. OBJETIVO: Descrever um caso de queimadura de genitália que levouà suspeita de maus-tratos (abuso sexual e negligência de supervisão).DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO:Lactente foi levada à Emergência de um hospital pediátrico por lesão extensa em região vulvar e entre a vagina e o ânus. A mãe alegava queimadura por produto à base de soda cáustica, mas a gravidade da lesão levou a equipe a suspeitar de abuso sexual. A suspeita foi afastada por equipe multidisciplinar com base no relato consistente da mãe, no tipo de lesão compatível com o agente químico envolvido no acidente e na avaliação do contexto de vida familiar. O quadro clínico evoluiu satisfatoriamente, sendo dada alta após quatro dias de internação. O acompanhamento ambulatorial nos seis meses posteriores permitiu afastar também uma possível situação de negligência de supervisão.COMENTÁRIOS:Acidentes e violência são causas frequentes de lesões físicas em crianças, sendo o diagnóstico diferencial de ambos um desafio para os profissionais, especialmente diante de quadros clínicos raros em pacientes que ainda não verbalizam. A atuação de equipe multidisciplinar com profissionais instrumentalizados para esses atendimentos ajuda na condução adequada, garantindo a proteção da criança e a criação de vínculo com a família, o que é essencial para o acompanhamento continuado do caso.