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This study aimed to determine the efficacy of lactic acid bacteria probiotics containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactococcus lactis on nutrient consumption and egg weight of Japanese quail. A total of 120 females Japanese quails comprised four treatments and six replications. T0, T1, T2, and T3 treatment groups were administered L. acidophilus and L. lactis with concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 3 mL/liter of drinking water. Consumption data were collected weekly, and egg weight data were collected daily during treatment. The data obtained were then analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Duncan multiple range test (p < 0.05). The results of this study showed that probiotics in drinking water reported significant differences (p < 0.05) compared between treatments (T1, T2, and T3) to reduce nutrient intake of organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and increase egg weight of quail. It can be concluded that the combination of L. acidophilus and L. lactis can reduce nutrient consumption but can increase the egg weight of Japanese quail.

Cellulase enzymes are widely used in the food, beverage, animal feed, textile, and paper industries. The high cost of producing enzymes and low enzyme activity provides opportunities for using chemicals, and efforts are needed to produce cellulase enzymes economically through media optimization. This research aims to find alternative media that make it possible to produce cellulase enzymes with high activity. This research created a control media (M0) using pro-analysis chemicals and CMC as a carbon source. Three types of cellulolytic bacterial growth media were also created, consisting of technical chemicals, rice straw as a substrate, and different protein sources. M1: alternative media using urea as a protein source; M2: alternative media using powdered milk as a protein source; and M3: alternative media using chicken liver as a protein source. A total of 1% of cellulolytic bacteria (Actinobacillus sp.) was grown in each media and then incubated at 40°C for 33 hours at a speed of 140 rpm, and the production curve and cellulase enzyme activity were measured at every 3-hour interval. The results showed that the highest cellulase enzyme production was achieved at 24 hours using alternative media with powdered milk (M2) as a protein source. The cellulase enzyme activity produced was 2.9612 µ/ml.

Background and Aim: Probiotics can be used as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters because antibiotics are prohibited worldwide. This study investigated the potential combination of probiotics and acidifiers to improve feed intake, productive performance, egg mass, and egg yolk chemical composition of late-laying quail for the health of humans who consume quail products. Materials and Methods: One hundred laying quails were divided into 4 × 5 treatments, with each group consisting of five replications. The adaptation period was 2 weeks, and the treatment was continued for 4 weeks. Probiotics and acidifiers were added to drinking water and incorporated into the diet. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Treatment duration (1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks) and additional feed treatment (control, probiotic 2% + 0.5% acidifier, probiotic 2% + 1% acidifier, probiotic 4% + 0.5% acidifier, and probiotic 4% + 1% acidifier, respectively). Results: Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in feed intake, quail day production, feed efficiency, egg mass in laying quails, and the chemical composition of egg yolk with probiotics and acidifiers in late-laying quails. Conclusion: The combination of probiotics and acidifiers can improve feed intake, production performance, egg mass, and egg yolk chemical composition in late-laying quails.

This study detected the presence of Brucella sp. antibodies in Sapera goats in Siliragung sub-district, Banyuwangi District using serological tests. The screening test used in this study was the Rose Bengal Test (RBT). Brucellosis causes goats to experience abortion and disruptive of reproduction system. The method used in this research is purposive sampling method using the criteria of sapera goats that have never been vaccinated. Using the blood serum of Sapera goats taken at the Siliragung subdistrict farm, Banyuwangi. The results of the study did not show any samples that were considered positive for Brucellosis in the Rose Bengal Test. In this study, no Brucella sp. antibodies were found in Sapera goats in Siliragung sub-district, Banyuwangi District.

This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of Apis dorsata honey on the histopathological changes of the kidney in mice exposed to monosodium glutamate. This study used 25 male mice as the experimental animal which were divided into five groups with five replication, respectively i.e. (C-) was administered basal diet, (C+) was administered 4 mg/g BW MSG, (T1) was administered A. dorsata honey of 53.82 mg/20g BW followed by MSG 4 mg/g BW, (T2) was administered A. dorsata honey of 107.64 mg/20g BW followed by MSG 4 mg/g BW, and (T3) was administered A. dorsata honey of 161.46 g/20g BW followed by MSG 4 mg/g BW. All treatments were carried out orally for 52 days. This study was observed tubular epithelial hydropic degeneration, epithelial necrosis, and glomerular necrosis. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney test. As a result, for the epithelial and glomerular necrosis variables, the T3 group showed significant results when compared with C+, T1, and T2 groups. Moreover, T3 was not significantly different from the C- group. It can be concluded that A. dorsata honey in T3 group could protect mice kidneys from the damaging effect of MSG.

Background and Aim: Antibiotics that increase growth have long been employed as a component of chicken growth. Long-term, unchecked usage may lead to microbial imbalance, resistance, and immune system suppression. Probiotics are a suitable and secure feed additive that may be provided as a solution. The objective of this research was to ascertain the effects of dietary multistrain probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium spp., and Lactobacillus plantarum) on the morphology (length and weight) of reproductive organs and productivity performance of laying hens during the early stage of laying. Materials and Methods: One hundred ISA Brown commercial layer chicks of the same body weight (BW) that were 5 days old were divided into five treatments, each with four replicates and four chicks in each duplicate. There were five different dietary interventions: (T1) 100% base feed; (T2) base feed with 2.5 g of antibiotic growth promoter/kg feed; (T3) base feed plus probiotics; (T4) base feed at 1 mL/kg with probiotics; and (T5) base feed with probiotics, 3 mL/kg feed, 5 mL/kg of feed. The parameters observed were performance, internal and exterior egg quality, and the morphology (length and weight) of laying hens’ reproductive organs. Results: Probiotic supplementation (L. acidophilus, Bifidobacterium, and L. plantarum) significantly affected the BW, feed intake, egg weight, yolk index, albumin index, Haugh unit, egg height, egg width, and morphology (length and weight) of laying hens’ reproductive organs compared to the control group (basic feed). In addition, there was no discernible difference between treatment groups in theeggshell weight and thickness variables across all treatment groups. Conclusion: When laying hens were between 17 and 21 weeks old, during the early laying period, microbiota inoculum supplements (L. acidophilus, Bifidobacterium, and L. plantarum) increased growth, the quality of the internal and external layers’ eggs, and the morphology of the laying hens’ reproductive organs.

The purpose of this study was a strategy in designing the establishment of the Regional Technical Implementation Unit for Animal Health Centers (UPTD Puskeswan) in order to optimize animal health services in Mamuju Regency. This study used an exploratory method using a survey. The sampling technique in this study used questionnaires, documentation and interviews. There were 10 samples of respondents from animal health workers and 100 samples of service users. Data analysis in this study used SWOT analysis. The appropriate strategy to support animal health services is a rapid growth strategy with alternative strategies: (1) strength-opportunity (SO) to improve service quality, service quantity and support the operational needs of officers in carrying out activities; (2) strength-threat (ST) implementing service SOP for animal health officers so that services are more efficient and systematic; (3) weakness-opportunity (WO) socialization of services to facilitate information to the public; and (4) weakness-threat (WT) making long-term planning to improve work ethic and understanding of drug use by veterinary officers.

This study aimed to determine the effect of Bifidobacterium sp. and Guazuma ulmifolia leaf extract on Japanese quail egg production, including egg mass, haugh unit (HU), and egg yolk colour. A total of 96 quails were in the early stages of production, which were randomized into four treatments and six replications. The treatments were (T0) without Bifidobacterium sp. and G. ulmifolia leaf extract, (T1) 0.2% Bifidobacterium sp., (T2) 0.2% G. ulmifolia leaf extract, and (T3) 0.2% Bifidobacterium sp. + 0.2% G. ulmifolia leaf extract. Egg mass data was collected in the third and fourth week of the treatment period, while the HU data and egg yolk colour were carried out on the last week of the treatment period. The treatment groups showed significant differences in egg mass. Groups T2 and T3 showed significant differences in egg yolk colour. The combination of feed additives can increase the value of HU but not significantly (p>0.05). In conclusion, the combination of 0.2% Bifidobacterium sp. and 0.2% G. ulmifolia leaf extract in drinking water can produce the highest egg quality.

Pote goats are kept by the rural community in Bangkalan Regency, Madura Island, Indonesia. Estrus symptoms in goats are usually unclear, causing low fertility. This study aimed to determine the intracervical artificial insemination at early and mid-estrus on the Pote does. The 24 the does were randomly divided into two groups and estrous synchronization with PGF2α of 200 µg intramuscularly, twice injections with 11 days intervals. The T1 groups of estrus the Pote does were inseminated at early estrus (0-12 hours). Meanwhile, T2 groups of estrus the Pote does were inseminated at mid-estrus (12-24 hours after signs of estrus appeared. The insemination conducted artificially using post-thawed Boer semen. The observed variables were non-return rate at day 21 post-insemination (NRR21), and pregnancy rate (PR) based on abdominal palpation diagnosis. The result showed that post-thawed Boer buck was qualified (sperm motility more than 40%) for artificial insemination. All of the Pote does were estrus after twice PGF2α intramuscular injection with 11 days intervals. The onset of estrus was 48-72 hours after the second injection PGF2α. The NRR21 and PR ranged from 66.66-100% and 37.50-66.66%, respectively. The NRR21 and PR of the T2 group were higher than those of the T1 group. It could be concluded that intracervical artificial insemination on Pote the does at mid-estrus were more effective, resulting in higher NRR21 and PR than those at early estrus.

Background and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance, especially antibiotic resistance, is one of the most severe public health challenges. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria avoid and fight the mechanism of action of antibiotic drugs. This study aimed to determine the resistance of Escherichia coli from the milk of Ettawa crossbreed dairy goat at Blitar Regency, East Java, Indonesia, with the antibiotics streptomycin, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim. Materials and Methods: A total of 34 milk samples of Ettawa crossbreed dairy goats were used in this study. The initial stages of this research included tests of the physical properties, isolation, and identification of E. coli. Then, the E. coli isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance using the Kirby–Bauer method. Results: The results showed that all samples were positive for E. coli. The physical properties of milk, namely, color, odor, flavor, and consistency, were normal. The results of the alcohol test showed normal acidity, and the specific gravity of goat milk met the criteria, with an average specific gravity of 1.0295 g/mL. The results of the antibiotic resistance test showed that 4 (12%) samples were resistant to streptomycin, 5 (15%) to sulfonamide, and 3% to trimethoprim. Conclusion: The prevalence of E. coli from Ettawa crossbreed dairy goats in Blitar Regency, East Java, Indonesia, was 100%. Furthermore, this E. coli isolate exhibited resistance to antibiotics streptomycin, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim. The use of antibiotics in the dairy goat industry in Indonesia should be controlled to prevent the spread of resistant E. coli from animals to humans through the food chain and prevent the emergence of multidrug-resistant E. coli.

This study aimed to determine the analysis of super native chicken farm business with Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot supplementation on feed on the production performance of super native chickens, including feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion. This study used 50 super male native chickens aged 4 weeks and adapted for 1 week then randomized into five treatments, including P0 (basal feed without BSF maggot), P1 (basal feed + 2.5% BSF maggot), P2 (basal feed + 5% BSF maggot), P3 (basal feed + 7.5% BSF maggot), and P4 (basal feed + 10% BSF maggot). Statistical data analysis was processed using One Way ANOVA and followed by post hoc Duncan. The results showed that the level of feed consumption was high in treatment P4, the highest body weight gain was in P4, the lowest feed conversion was in P1. Contribution margin analysis (CM) was used to determine the benefits of the treatment in this study. 2.5% BSF (P1) maggot supplementation is recommended to increase profits.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of combination probiotics and Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) extract in nutrient consumption of ducks. This study used 48 Peking ducks. The concentration of probiotic was 1.2 x 108 CFU/ml. The treatments of this research were P0 (control), P1 (4 ml probiotics), P2 (4 ml M. oleifera extract) and P3 (2 ml probiotics + 2 ml M. oleifera extract). The data were statistically analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that feed consumption of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract were no significant difference (p>0.05) between all treatments. It can be concluded that the addition of combination probiotics and M. oleifera extract can be used to maintain nutrient consumption and safe for health ducks.

This study aimed to determine the effect of lactic acid bacteria probiotics on the performance of kampung super chicken. Kampung super chicken is the result of a cross between a layer chicken and a superior kampung super chicken. A total of 48 kampung super chickens aged 14 days were randomized into 4 treatments and each treatment consisted of 12 chickens. This study was conducted for 1 week of adaptation and 5 weeks of treatment. This study used 4 different treatments including P0 not using probiotics, P1 using probiotics as much as 1 ml/liter drinking water, P2 using probiotics as much as 2 ml/liter drinking water and P3 using probiotics as much as 4 ml/liter drinking water. In conclusion, based on the results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that p

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the use of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactococcus lactis, and Bifidobacterium sp) on feed efficiency, carcass weight and carcass percentage in broiler ducks. Probiotics lactic acid bacteria produce bacteriocins and organic acids that inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes in the digestive tract of poultry, so that the intestinal villi of broiler ducks are healthy. Besides that, probiotics are able to reduce cholesterol levels in meat when consumed by humans and can improve health. This study used 48 peking ducks. The probiotics of Lactic Acid Bacteria used were a concentration of 1.2 x 108 CFU/ml. In this study there were four different treatments, namely P0 (without probiotics), P1 (given 1 ml probiotics/liter drinking water), P2 (given 2 ml probiotics/liter drinking water) and P3 (given 3 ml probiotics/liter of drinking water). The results of the feed efficiency study showed that there was a significant difference (p0.05). The highest carcass weight was P3 (1749.92 g) and the lowest was P0 (1709.25 g). The results of the study on the percentage of carcass weight showed a significant difference (p

Background and Aim: Antibiotics have been used as growth promoters in poultry. However, continuous and long-term antibiotics can cause resistance, suppress the immune system, and accumulate toxic residue. To overcome these problems, feed additives that are safe for livestock and health for humans are needed, including probiotics. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the effect of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus lactis, and Bifidobacterium spp.) and Moringa oleifera extract on performance (body weight gain, body weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, and feed conversion ratio [FCR]), carcass yield (carcass weight and percentage of carcass) and mortality of Peking duck. Materials and Methods: This study used 48 Peking ducks, divided into four treatments and six replications. Each replication consisted of two ducks. The treatments were as follows: T0=control, T1=4 mL containing 1.2×108 CFU/mL of probiotic in drinking water, T2=4 mL containing M. oleifera extract in drinking water, and T3=2 mL containing 1.2×108 CFU/mL of probiotic in drinking water+2 mL containing M. oleifera extract in drinking water. The probiotics consist of L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. lactis, and Bifidobacterium spp. The data were statistically analyzed through analysis of variance. For the follow-up test, a multiple range test was conducted. Results: There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between body weight, feed intake, and mortality treatments. By contrast, control and treatment showed a significant difference (p0.05) between T0 and T1, but T0 and T1 showed a significant difference with T2 and T3. The results of the feed efficiency statistic showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between T0, T1, and T2, but there was a significant difference between T0, T1, and T3. Feed efficiency at T2 showed no significant difference with T3, T1, and T0. The results of the FCR statistic showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between T0, T1, and T2, but there was a significant difference between T0, T1, and T3. FCR at T2 showed no significant difference with T3, T1, and T0. The carcass weight statistic showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between T0, T1, and T3, but there was a significant difference between T0 and T2. T2 showed no significant difference with T1 and T3. The carcass percentage statistic showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between T0 and T1, but T0 and T1 showed a significant difference (p

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of supplementary feeding with fermented Moringa leaf flour on cholesterol levels of Mojosari duck eggs and to calculate the cost of production. This study used 60 mojosari ducks, layer phase aged 27 weeks. Moringa flour was fermented using probiotics and given in four treatments, namely P0 (100% commercial feed), P1 (0.5% moringa leaf flour fermentation + 100% commercial feed), P2 (1% moringa leaf flour fermentation + 100% commercial feed), P3 (1.5% fermented Moringa leaf meal + 100% commercial feed). The variable observed in this study was cholesterol levels in Mojosari duck eggs. The results showed thatgiving Moringa leaf flour fermentation can give significantly different values (p

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding the concentration of turmeric flour and fish oil to the quail formula feed. This research is an experimental study using the factorial method. This experiment used 96 quail (Cortunix cortunix japonica), which were randomized into 6 treatments with 4 replications. Quails were divided into 6 groups and treated with different concentrations of turmeric flour and fish oil in each feed formula. The effects of different formula feeds were observed on changes in egg production and organoleptic changes. Egg production data were taken every day from week 3 to week 4 during the treatment period. The data taken is called Quail Day Production (QDP%). The organoleptic data of eggs were taken at the 3rd week of treatment and the preference test was carried out by 40 panelists on the aroma, taste and level of preference of quail eggs after being boiled. The addition of 0.3% turmeric flour significantly affected egg production but its combination with fish oil did not affect egg production. The combination of the concentration of turmeric flour and fish oil does not change the aroma of the eggs, but changes the taste of the eggs.

This study aims to examine the effect of giving Bacillus subtilis probiotics in laying hens on improving the quality of internal and external eggs with differences in shelf life. A total of 60 laying hens were divided into 4 treatment groups, namely P0 as a control that was not given probiotic B. Subtilis, P1 feed was added 0.005 grams B. Subtilis, P2 feed with added 0.01 grams B. Subtilis, P3 feed added 0.02 grams B. Subtilis then the eggs produced are stored for 1 day, 5 days and 10 days. The results of this study indicate that the administration of B. Subtilis probiotics with a concentration of 0.02 grams affects the increase in egg weight, egg yolk index value and HU values. The addition of B. Subtilis probiotics to racial feed can improve egg quality.

This study aimed to determine the effect of the addition of fermented moringa leaf powder on feed consumption, egg weight, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of laying ducks. 60 laying ducks were randomized into four treatments i.e. (P0) 0% Moringa leaf powder fermentation, (P1) 0.5% Moringa leaf powder fermentation, (P2) 1% Moringa leaf powder fermentation, and (P3) 1.5% Moringa leaf fermentation. Treatment of concentration refered in 100% commercial feed for 3 weeks. The results showed that the adding of Moringa leaf powder fermentation to feed consumption in each treatment showed significantly different results (p

The aim of this research was to observe the influence of palm kernel meal and ß-Mannanase on laying hens. Laying hens up to 2500 birds were reared in opened-house cage fed with commercial feed substituted with palm kernel meal and ß-Mannanase. All hens were divided into five groups in an order P0 as control group, groups without enzyme which are P1 with 7% palm kernel meal and P2 with 14% palm kernel meal, groups with ß-Mannanase which are P3 7% palm kernel meal and P4 with 14% palm kernel meal. The observed variables are feed intake, feed cost, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, hen day production, and mortality rate. The results indicated that threr are no significant difference from all variables. The percentage of palm kernel meal for 14% with ß-Mannanase cannot give any influence on laying hens productivity.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of probiotics Bacillus subtilis on feed efficiency and egg mass of laying hens. This research was using 36 of 38 weeks-old laying hens Isa Brown strain. The concentration of probiotics B. subtilis was 1 x 109 CFU/ml, there were three kinds of treatments, P0 (without given probiotics B. subtilis), P1 (given 0.1 gram of probiotics B. subtilis per kg of feed), and P2 (given 0.2 gram of probiotic B. subtilis per kg of feed). The results of feed efficiency, the provision of probiotics can provide a significantly different values (p

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penggunaan probiotik yang mengandung Enterobacter sp., Cellulomonas sp., Actinomyces sp., Bacillus sp., dan Lactobacillus sp. terhadap feed efficiency dan egg mass pada Ayam Petelur. Sebanyak 36 ekor ayam petelur umur 30 minggu yang terdiri dari 3 perlakuan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0 (tanpa probiotik), P1 (probiotik 1 ml/liter), P2 (probiotik 2 ml/liter). Hasil penelitian pemberian probiotik berpengaruh (p

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan 20 itik Alabio betina siap bertelur dengan rentang usia 6 bulan dan untuk pemeriksaan kualitas telur untuk masing-masing kelompok 10 sampel. Pengamatan tingkat produksi telur dilakukan selama tiga bulan dengan 10 pengulangan, kualitas telur (ketebalan kulit telur, persentase kulit telur, persentase kulit telur, persentase albumin, persentase kuning telur, huagh unit, warna kuning telur, kadar protein dan lemak kandungan). Data produksi telur dan kualitas telur diuji menggunakan uji Anova. Hasil pengamatan rata-rata produksi harian telur 15.45 ± 0.12, 14.72 ± 0.10, 14.91 ± 0.09; produksi berat harian (kg/hari) 925.27 ± 7.50, 875.40 ± 6.32, 884 ± 5.03; hasil dari ketebalan kulit telur kualitas 0.33 ± 0.01, 0.33 ± 0.12, 0.33 ± 0.12; persentase kulit telur 11.32 ± 0.93, 11.28 ± 0.10, 11.36 ± 0.05; persentase albumin 55.70 ± 1.08, 56.66 ± 1.22, 56.12 ± 1.00; persen kuning telur 32.07 ± 1.24, 31.55 ± 1.48, 31.64 ± 1.20; Haugh unit 88.70 ± 6.21, 91.41 ± 6.70, 94.51 ± 5.06. Warna kuning masing-masing memiliki skor 15. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa produksi dan kualitas telur itik Alabio baik.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian probiotik Bifidobacterium sp., Lactococcus lactis, dan Lactobacillus sp. terhadap efisiensi pakan dan massa telur ayam Isa Brown. Penelitian ini menggunakan ayam petelur strain Isa Brown sebanyak 36 ekor umur 30 minggu. Konsentrasi probiotik yang digunakan yaitu 1.2x109 CFU/ml. Tiga perlakuan dalam penelitian yaitu P0 (tanpa diberi probiotik), P1 (diberi probiotik sebanyak 1 ml/liter air minum), dan P2 (diberi probiotik sebanyak 2 ml/liter air minum). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai massa telur pada P2 berbeda nyata (p0.05) dengan P0. Berdasarkan hasil efisiensi pakan, probiotik dapat memberikan perbedaan yang nyata (p

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas probiotik Lactobacillus casei dan Lactobacillus rhamnosus sebagai pengganti Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) terhadap total kolesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) dan High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) pada ayam pedaging. Ayam broiler sebanyak 18 ekor day old chick diacak kedalam enam perlakuan (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4 dan P5) setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 3 ulangan, yakni (P0) 100% pakan basal, (P1) pakan basal+0.01 gram AGP/kg pakan, (P2) pakan basal+probiotik 0.05 gram/kg pakan, (P3) pakan basal+probiotik 0.1 gram/kg pakan, (P4) pakan basal+probiotik 0.025 gram/liter air minum, (P5) pakan basal+probiotik 0.05 gram/liter air minum. Data di analisis menggunakan uji Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) dilanjutkan uji Duncan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian probiotik berbeda nyata (p

Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) is an alternative protein source for livestock. This research aimed to know the effectiveness of BSFL for commercial feed substitution, related to production, productivity, and profitability in quail farm. This study used 80 quails which divided into 4 groups and each group consist of 20 quails. The treatments contained BSFL substitution with different composition, control group (P0) was given 100% commercial feed, (P1) was given a 5% BSFL substitution, (P2) was given a 10% BSFL substitution and (P3) was given a 20% BSFL substitution. Contribution margin (CM) analysis was used to determine the yields of the groups in this study. Results showed that the highest feed consumption rate is in P3, production (egg in total and weight), productivity and yields in P3 is the highest, although there's no difference between P0, P2 and P3 based on the analysis MANOVA. BSFL substitution at 20% is recommended to the farmers to increase profits.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the use of probiotics Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus casei as alternative antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) to improve growth performance and business analysis. Materials and Methods: This study used a completely randomized factorial design. The first factor was the time of administration (1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks) and the second was the use of probiotics (control without probiotics; 0.1% AGP and 0.5% Bifidobacterium spp. + 0.25% L. casei). One hundred and eighty laying hens (Lohmann strain), of 30 weeks old, were divided into 12 treatment groups, composed of five replicates, each consisting of three laying hens. Results: The results showed that using 0.5% Bifidobacterium spp. + 0.25% L. casei in weeks 1 and 2 showed the lowest feed intake (FI) (112.11-112.19 g/day), the highest egg weight (60.28 g) in the 1st week, the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) (2.21-2.23), and highest feed efficiency (44.75-45.25%) for 3-4 weeks, and the highest hen-day production (86.66-86.90%) for 3-4 weeks and the most profitable business analysis (IDR. 30,353). Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that the addition of 0.5% Bifidobacterium spp. + 25% L. casei probiotics can be used as a substitute for AGP; it can reduce the FI and FCR, increasing egg weight, feed efficiency, and hen-day production, as well as illustrating the results of the most profitable business analysis.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggantian tepung biji bunga matahari (Helianthus annuus L.) di pakan komersial dengan konsentrasi tertentu pada kinerja ayam pedaging. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain acak lengkap. Sampel terdiri dari 20 ekor ayam broiler dibagi secara acak menjadi 5 kelompok. Perlakuan adalah P1, P2, P3, dan P4 masing-masing CP511 pakan komersial yang mengandung tepung biji bunga matahari 25%, 30%, 35%, dan 40% serta kontrol tanpa substitusi P0 tepung biji bunga matahari. Variabel yang digunakan adalah konsumsi pakan, bobot akhir dan konversi pakan kemudian hasilnya dianalisis dengan Analisis Varians. Hasil yang diperoleh rata-rata nilai konsumsi pakan P0 adalah 79,76 gram, P1 adalah 77,90 gram, P2 adalah 77,35 gram, P3 adalah 77,98 gram, P4 adalah 77,58 gram. Hasil nilai rata-rata berat akhir 1545,5 gram yaitu P0, P1 adalah 1296,5 gram, P2 1325,75 gram, P3 1256 gram, P4 1203 gram. Hasil yang diperoleh dari nilai rata-rata konversi pakan adalah P0 1,37, P1 1,69, P2 1,61, P3 1,71, P4 1,88. Berdasarkan hasil dapat disimpulkan bahwa substitusi tepung biji bunga matahari dalam diet komersial tidak meningkatkan asupan pakan, berat badan dan dapat meningkatkan konversi pakan.

Eimeria causes coccidiosis, which has long been recognized as a disease in chickens that significantly affects the economy. The global chicken population continues to grow, and its contribution to food security increases, making it increasingly important to produce chicken meat that is safe for human and health. This study aims to prove Pediococcus pentosaceus ABY 118 to modulation of ChIFN-γ and ChIL-10 in chickens infected with E. tenella oocysts. This study used 100 of day-old chickens (DOC), randomly divided into 5 treatments; each treatment consists of 20 chickens. The treatments was as follows: P0 (−): negative control; P0 (+): positive control; P1: monensin; P2: probiotic 1.5 × 108 CFU/ml; and P3: probiotic 3.0 × 108 CFU/ml. At the age of 20 days, Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) oocysts were inoculated orally at a dose of 1 × 104. The probiotic P. pentosaceus ABY 118 was given orally through drinking water from DOC to 35 days. Monensin was given orally through feed from the age of 14–26 days. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference (P

Aim: The purpose of this study was to know the genetic and biochemical identification of isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Balinese bovine (Bos sondaicus) intestinal waste, acidity, and ox bile salts and to inhibit the growth pathogen of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and the potential of those isolated to improve nutrient value of wheat pollard as animal feed ingredient by fermentation process. Materials and Methods: This research was divided into three stages. The first stage, isolated LAB were obtained from the bovine intestines at a slaughterhouse in Indonesia. Small intestinal samples were collected from 10 healthy Balinese beef cattle (B. sondaicus). The isolated LAB were identified by VITEK 2, polymerase chain reaction, and 16S rDNA. The basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) was performed to determine the phylogenetic tree. The second stage, the LAB were screened for their tolerance at pH 2, 3, and 4; bile salt, and antagonistic to enteric pathogen. In the third stage, to determine the potency of this isolate to increase nutrient content of wheat pollard by facultative anaerobe fermentation for 3 and 5 days. Results: The result of the first stage showed that the isolate could be identified as Lactobacillus casei WPL 315. The result of the second stage showed that the isolate tolerance to low pH (pH 2, pH 3, and pH4) for 90 min and 24 h, and this isolate had viability tolerance in 0.3% bile salt. The isolate can inhibit S. aureus and E. coli. The result of the third stage by proximate analysis showed that crude protein increased by 23.08% after fermentation, while crude fiber decreased by 61.24% on the level 0.5% L. casei subsp. WPL 315 in the 3-day fermentation. Conclusion: Based on the results, it showed that L. casei WPL 315 derived from indigenous intestinal Balinese beef cattle (B. sondaicus) has tolerant characteristic on acidity and ox bile salts, has antagonistic effect against E. coli and S. aureus, and has the ability to increase crude protein and decrease crude fiber content of wheat pollard. It would be interesting to determine whether the strain has a probiotic candidate.

This study aimed to identified cellulolytic inoculant code WPL 214 isolated from bovine rumen fluid waste of Ongole Cross Breed of Surabaya Slaughter house. A single colony of isolates celulolytic grown on 5 mL of liquid media Luria Bertani (LB) consist of 1 % NaCl , 1% tripton , 0.5 % yeast extract, containing1 % carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at temperature 37°C, using a shaker of incubator during 16-18 hours. That isolate determined by 16S DNA gen analysis using High Fidelity Platinum Taq DNA Polymerase with primer forward PB36 5’-AGR GTT TGA TCM TGG CTC AG-3’ and primer reverse PB38 5’-GMT ACCTTG TTA CGA CTT-3’ for PCR. Nucleotide sequence of 16S DNA fragment was determined through the sequencing method. The result was then compared with GenBank database to recognize the type of the sample bacteria. DNA isolation and 16S DNA coding genes amplification were carried out using Kit High Fidelity Platinum Taq DNA Polymerase. Afterward, BLAST was applied to identify the phylogenetic tree. The bacteria was capable of indicating the existence of clear zone in a media CMC by congo red staining. The existence of the clear zone associated with the activity of microbes to degrade cellulose. The conclusión of this research based on the results was the sequencing nucleotides genome 16S DNA showed that cellulolytic inoculant was identified as Enterobacter cloacae WPL 214. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi lebih lanjut isolat selulolitik kode WPL 214 yang telah diisolasi dari cairan rumen sapi peranakan ongole dari limbah Rumah Potong Hewan Surabaya. Koloni tunggal dari isolat selulolitik ditumbuhkan pada 5 mL media cair Luria Bertani (LB) dengan komposisisi 1% NaCl, 1% tripton, 0,5% yeast ekstrak, yang mengandung 1% substrat carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) pada suhu 37°C, dengan pengocokan menggunakan shaker incubator selama ±16-18 jam. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap, tahap pertama dilakukan isolasi DNA, tahap kedua dilakukan identifikasi gen penyandi 16S DNA, amplifikasi DNA dengan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplifikasi gen penyandi 16S DNA menggunakan Kit High Fidelity Platinum Taq DNA Polymerase dengan primer forward PB36 5’-AGR GTT TGA TCM TGG CTC AG-3’ dan primer reverse PB38 5’-GMT ACC TTG TTA CGA CTT-3’ yang digunakan untuk PCR. Hasil sekuensing nukleotida dari 16S DNA selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan urutan nukleotida dari GenBank database untuk dilakukan BLAST untuk mengidentifikasi berdasarkan pohon filogeni. Bakteri tersebut mampu menunjukkan adanya zona bening pada media Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) dengan pewarnaan congo red. Adanya zona bening tersebut berhubungan dengan aktivitas mikrob untuk mendegradasi selulosa. Simpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil urutan nukleotida genom 16S DNA serta pohon filogeni, maka isolat selulolitik tersebut diidentifikasi sebagai Enterobacter cloacae WPL 214.

This study aimedto know the growth activityofcellulolytic bacteria EnterobactercloacaeSAR 1isolatedfrombovinerumen fluidwaste. Isolates that had been cultured were taken as much as 10 mL and thentransferred to100 mL growth medium in Erlenmeyer flask. Culturesuspensions were incubated in a shakerincubator (37°C, 120 rpm). Optical density was measured at ë 600 nm by taking as much as 1 mLsampling with interval of two hours for 24 hours (hour 0; 2; 4; 6; 10; 12; 14; 16; 18; 20; 22; 24). The firstsampling was done at 0thhour and continued until OD values †showed a clear decline. Optical density wasmeasured with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at wave length ë 600 nm. Growth curve was obtained from theresult of absorbance measurement on the time. Optimum growth production of E.cloacae SAR 1 occurredat the 12thhoursof incubation, optimum temperature of 35°C and optimum pH 6.

High Pathogenecity Avian Influenza (HPAI) viruses have high virulence and can frequently causesudden death on birds. The aims of this research was to know the role of Spirulina to a number ofmonocytes and lymphocytes in the blood of chickens which infected with the H5N1 virus. This researchconsisted of three levels of treatment in which each level given Spirulina 0%, 10%, 20% in the fresh wateralgae as drinking water. Each treatment consisted of seven replicates, and the treatment was done sincethe chickens at age 19 until 44 days ( for 25 days). Artificial infection of the chickens with the virus waschallenged by using AI (H5N1) 104 EID 50 (A/Ck/Indonesia/BL/03) with route to the respiratory tract (nosedrops) 0,1 mL starting on day 19. The results showed that there were a significant difference (p 0.05) was observed in basophils.