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Canine pathologies refer to the various diseases, disorders, and abnormalities that can affect a dog’s different body systems and cause mortality. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the common pathologies that are associated with the mortality of dogs in Ilorin, Kwara State. A retrospective review of post-mortem records from 7 years was undertaken at a necropsy unit of the Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ilorin. Data collected included age, sex, breed, disease pathogens, and year. A total of 150 dog carcasses were presented for necropsy during the period between January 2016 and December 2022. In this study, the cases used were confirmed based on PCR results in some cases, bacterial culture and isolation, parasite identification, gross lesions, and histopathological findings in other cases. Descriptive statistics were employed to evaluate the effect of disease pathogens on age, sex, and breed distribution patterns associated with the mortality of dogs. The prevalence of viral infection among other diseases was statistically significant (34.00%; OR = 0.53; P

The purpose of the current study was to study the impact of dietary supplementation of various levels of vitamin E and inorganic selenium (Sodium selenite) on daily egg weight, egg mass and egg production, accumulative egg per hen per week, final body weight gain for males, and feed conversion in both males and females of Japanese quail birds (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The study was conducted in the nutritional laboratory at the Veterinary Techniques Department/ Kalar Technical Institute /Garmian Polytechnic University in the Iraqi Kurdistan region for eight weeks from Apr 15 2021 to Jul 15 2021. In this study 128 birds (12 weeks old) were employed, they were raised in a cage system, measuring 50 width inches x 60 lengths inches × 60 height inches. Four supplemented dietary treatments from the experimental birds were designed as different levels of food regimens, and then each treatment was subdivided equally into eight replicated cages. The used experimental diets were: 0 = the basal diet (control) with no additions, T1 = 1.0-gram vitamin E and selenium mixture/kg diet, T2 = 1.5-gram vitamin E and selenium mixture/kg diet, T3 = 2-gram vitamin E and Selenium mixture/kg diet. As a result of this study, egg production (HD%/week), egg accumulation (eggs per hen per week), egg mass (gram per day), feed intake (gram per day), and feed conversion ratio (kilogram feed per kilogram egg) were altered significantly (P0.01). In conclusion, it was shown that vitamin E and sodium selenite were effective supplementary nutrients for enhancing the reproductive performance of Japanese quail hens, so it is recommended to use this diet in different poultry farms in order to increase some productive and reproductive features levels. [AJVS 2024; 17(2.000): 95-104]

This study was conducted to determine the pathological findings and molecular investigation of bacteria flora associated with the lesions in the lungs and livers of goats slaughtered for public consumption at the Ilorin, abattoir. A total of 450 samples (240 lungs and 210 livers) were collected and examined from goats slaughtered at the Ipata slaughterhouse in Ilorin, Kwara State. Of this number, 58 (24.17%; 95% CI = 19.19–29.96) lungs and 17 (8.10%; 95% CI = 5.17–12.58) livers revealed gross and microscopic pathological lesions as a result of bacterial pathogens. Based on gross examination, lung lesions were categorized into bronchopneumonia (27.59%), congestion (22.41%), interstitial pneumonia (17.24%), hemorrhages (13.77%), emphysematous (10.34%), and hyperemia (8.62%). In the liver, hepatic congestion 8 (47.06%) was the most observed gross lesion. Others included hepatic enlargement (29.41), hepatic fibrosis (17.65%), and hepatic abscess (5.88%). The molecular investigation revealed lung pathological lesions were as a result of Klebsiella species (51.72%) and Bacillus species (48.28%), while Escherichia species (52.94%) and Salmonella species (47.06%) were detected in the liver. The molecular analysis showed that the bacteria organisms detected in this study did not fully cluster with similar species from other parts of the world. The infection caused by these bacteria showed histopathological lesions in the lungs and livers. There is need for more studies to further characterize these bacteria species detected from Red Sokoto breeds of goats in-depth.

Traumatic ventriculitis or hardware disease is the gizzard perforation by sharp foreign bodies (metallic or sharp object) that leads to ulcerative lesions.The present Case Report was to investigate through post mortem examination the cause of African ostrich death. Necropsy was conducted on a dead male adult African Ostrich presented to the postmortem unit of the Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. The gross lesions showed multifocal ecchymotic and petechial haemorrhages and lacerations on the left shank and thigh as well as the cloaca and vent of the bird. A perforation of the proventriculus with adhesion of a pointed nail-like metallic sharp object of 9.4 cm in length was observed. Histopathological findings revealed obliteration of tubular and vascular congestion which predisposed the animal to metabolic disorder.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the contamination status of Iraqi rivers in the north of the Tigris river (Tikrit city) and the middle region of Euphrates (Babylon Governorate). In this study As, Zn, Fe, Pb, and Cu in the muscle tissue of carp fish were measured. The results show that the concentration of arsenic in the fish muscles in the middle region was 425.05 ppm higher than its concentration of about 192.25 ppm in fish muscle in the Tigris river with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Which it causes histopathological changes characterized by Zenker necrosis in skeletal muscle and infiltration of inflammatory cells with edema additional to edematous dermatitis. Other heavy metals in fish muscle were less than in fish muscles which agreement with the international legislation limits. Also, there were positive correlation ships between Zn and Pb and between Cu and Zn. While negative correlation has been detected between arsenic and both (Pb) and(Zn). This study is concluded that the accumulation of heavy metals causes histological changes in fish muscle provides an opportunity to assess fish health as well as information on possible health hazards coming from their environment.

Brucellosis is an infectious disease in domestic and wild animals with serious zoonotic and economic implication in humans, being more severe in developing countries. The disease is highly prevalent in cattle, camels, and small ruminants in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in Africa. Here we have investigated the seroepidemiology of camel brucellosis in and around Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia, using a cross-sectional study design to determine the seroprevalence of the disease and to identify risk factors that would facilitate the transmission of zoonotic diseases to humans. This study involved testing 350 serum samples from camels and interviewing 120 livestock owners. The modified Rose Bengal plate test (mRBPT) and the complement fixation test (CFT) were used as screening and confirmatory tests, respectively. The overall sero-prevalence of camel brucellosis was found to be 8.3% and 2% using mRBPT and CFT tests, respectively. Among the risk factors assessed, only abortion and body condition disclosed a statistically significant difference p

Background and Aim: Sedative drugs mostly cause dose-dependent depression of the central nervous system which results in hypnosis and anesthesia possibly; however, these agents are associated with some side effects ranging respiratory, digestive, immune system dysfunctions, tolerance, cognitive function deterioration, and physical dependence; hence, investigations of newer and safer agents are, therefore, imperative. The current study was aimed at investigating the sedative-hypnotic (S-H) effects of the methanol leaf extract of Ficus exasperata in mice. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical screening of the leaf extract was conducted, and S-H activity of the plant extract was evaluated. Twenty Swiss Albino mice were randomly divided into four groups of five mice each. The mice in Groups A and B were injected with the extract intraperitoneally (IP) at the dose rate of 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively, those in Group C were injected with xylazine at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg, while Group D mice received distilled water at the dose rate of 2 ml/kg. All the four experimental groups were injected with ketamine (IP) at the dose rate of 100 mg/kg after 30 min. Results: Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars, steroids and triterpenes, saponins, tannins, condensed tannins, and flavonoids, while anthraquinones, anthracene derivatives, and alkaloids were absent. Results from the S-H evaluation show no significant difference (p≥0.05) on the onset of sleep time between the four experimental groups; however, statistically significant difference (p≤0.05) was recorded in the sleep duration time between the groups treated with only ketamine and the other experimental groups pre-treated with either the extract or xylazine before ketamine administration. The group pre-treated with a high dose of the plant extract (200 mg/kg) and the treated with ketamine after 30 min exhibited longer sleeping duration time. The plant extract, xylazine and ketamine, sedated the mice for some period of time after arousal from sleep. Conclusion: Our finding suggests that methanol leaf extract of F. exasperata possesses S-H potential that may require further scientific investigations.

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effect of dietary Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) feed supplementation on serum biochemical parameters of broilers challenged with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV). Materials and methods: Two hundred and forty day-old Ross 308 hybrid broiler chicks were randomly assigned into four groups (A, B, C and D) of 60 chicks each and raised in deep litter housing. Broiler starter (BS) and broiler finisher (BF) mash were formulated each with 5% MOL included as part of the feed ingredient for broilers in groups A and B while BS and BF for broilers in groups C and D were formulated without MOL. Broilers in groups A, B and C were challenged intraocularly at 35 days of age with with 0.05 mL of a live vvIBDV, while those in group D served as control. Blood was collected from 10 broilers in each group via the wing vein at 35, 38 and 42 days of age to determine their serum biochemical profile. Results: The level of melondialdehyde (MDA) was observed to significantly decrease in groups A and C. There was a significant decrease in the level of AST in group A, B, C and D. The values of ALT significantly decreased in group A, B, C and D. Conclusion: Supplementing broilers feed with MOL neither protect the liver from damage nor prevent lipid peroxidation. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 155-165]

Objective: Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease caused by members of the genus Brucella. It causes economic loss and ill health among animals and humans. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in cattle particularly in White Fulani breed of cattle in Kwara State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A total of 120 blood samples were collected randomly from the cattle in Kwara State of Nigeria. Sera were separated from the blood samples. The serum was used for the identification of antibodies against Brucella present in it. Three screening tests namely Bovine Brucella Antibody Test (BBAT; ImmunoCombR), Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT) were used for the identification purpose. Results: Based on BBAT, 13.3% (n=16/120) cattle were positive for brucellosis. Similary, 14.2% (n=17/120) and 3.3% (n=4/120 cattle were found to be positive for RBPT and SAT, respectively. The affected cattle were mainly of White Fulani breed with few cross-bred. Conclusion: Results of this study indicates that brucella antibody is circulating in cattle examined in the study area. This calls for urgent public health intervention and routine screening of other domestic animals as well. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2017; 4(2.000): 222-226]

Aim: This study aimed at determining the serotypes, antimicrobial profiles, and public health importance of Salmonella strains from camels slaughtered at Maiduguri central abattoir, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Two hundred samples were obtained from camel comprising of intestines, feces, liver, and spleen (n=50 each). Non-lactose fermenting dark center Salmonella colonies were identified using standard biochemical techniques, serotyped and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test using minimum inhibition concentration method. Results: Out of the 200 samples collected, 17 were Salmonella positive (spleen=7, intestine=6, feces=3, and liver=1) with a prevalence of 8.5%. Five serotypes comprising Salmonella Eko, 7 (3.5%), Salmonella Uganda, 4 (2.0%), Salmonella Amager, 2 (1.0%), Salmonella Westhampton, 2 (1.0%), and Salmonella Give, 2 (1.0%) were incriminated. Majority of the serotypes were sensitive to the antimicrobials, but one Salmonella Amager exhibited resistance to streptomycin, and one each of Salmonella Uganda and Salmonella Eko were resistant to sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion: This study revealed the prevalence and the antibiotic resistance profile of newly emerging Salmonella from camels in the northeast of Nigeria, which can serve as a means for the transmission of Salmonella to human. Therefore, there is a need for the establishment of national Salmonella surveillance and control programs.