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This study aims to determine the histomorphometry of the small intestine of turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) at different age levels. This study used a completely randomized design. This study used 18 male turkeys, divided into 3 groups of ages 8, 16, and 24 weeks, each group comprising 6 turkeys. The necropsied turkey's small intestine was taken into histological preparations and stained with haematoxylin-eosin (HE). The results showed that the histological picture of the small intestine layer of turkeys at different age levels consisted of four layers: tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscular, and tunica serosa. Histomorphometrically, there was an increase in the thickness of all layers of the small intestine from 8 and 16 weeks of age (P0.05), and the height of the intestinal villi increased in all parts of the small intestine at 8, 16 and 24 weeks of age (P0.05 ). In conclusion, with histomorphometric measurements, it can be seen that there are differences in the three age groups.

Burns are caused by heat exposure, such as fire, radiation, electricity or chemicals that can damage the skin and affect the body's systems. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of the ethanol extract of Malacca leaves (Phyllanthus emblica) on the number of fibroblast cells in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) that have burned. This study used 24 white rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 4 groups that smeared with aquadest as a negative control (P1), 5% ethanol extract gel of Malacca leaves (P2), 10% ethanol extract gel of Malacca leaves (P3), and positive control applied with bioplasenton® gel (P4). The IIA degree burn were created by placing a 2x2 cm hot iron plate on the back of the rat for 5 seconds. The euthanasia performed to all animal and the skin samples were collected after 15 days of treatment. Then histopathological preparations were made using HE staining. The number of fibroblast cells were analyzed by ANOVA test. The average number of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) fibroblast cells that suffered burns P1 (negative control) had a number of 7 ± 1.4 cells/visual. Whereas th e P2 group had a number of 4.2 ± 1.58 cells/visual. This value has a significant difference with the negative control. But the P2 and P3 values (3 ± 1.51 cells/visual) there is no significant different with the P4 value (positive control) with an average number of P4 fibroblast cells were 2 ± 0.4 cells/visual. The results of this study concluded that the ethanol extract of malacca leaves 5% and 10% had an effect againts accelerating burns healing in white rats ( Rattus norvegicus).

Background and Aim: Testis (T) and epididymis (E) are waste from the abattoir that is rarely used. In fact, both organs contain important chemicals needed for spermatogenesis (e.g., hormones, proteins, and other molecules). Therefore, administration of a combination of testis and epididymis (CTE) extracts may activate androgen receptors (AR) and protein kinase A (PKA) molecules that play a prominent role in spermatogenesis. We, therefore, aimed at investigating the influence of the CTE extracts on the concentration of AR and PKA in male chicken. Materials and Methods: This study used a completely randomized design with four treatment groups (K0, K1, K2, and K3) and five replications per group. K0 is a control group that received 1 mL normal saline, whereas K1, K2, and K3 are the test groups that received 1, 2, and 3 mL of CET extracts, respectively. Twenty male chickens (strain: broiler Mb 89), 3 weeks of age, weighing 500-700 g were used. We administered the injections in a 13-day period and on the 14th day; we collected and processed blood samples as serum to measure the AR and PKA concentrations using commercial chicken AR and PKA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, respectively. We performed analyses by analysis of variance using SPSS 20.0. Results: The AR concentrations in K1, K2, and K3 groups increased by 4.26%, 10.97%, and 28.04%, respectively, compared to the K0 (control group). However, this increase was not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05). Moreover, the PKA concentrations increased by 2.97%, 2.60%, and 4.08% in K1, K2, and K3 groups, respectively, compared to the control group. However, this increase was not significantly different between the groups as well (p>0.05). Conclusion: The CTE extracts tended to increase the AR and PKA concentrations even though it is not significant. Therefore, it needs further study when using the CTE extracts for spermatogenesis in male chicken.

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to determine the potential of Jatropha curcas latex in the cream formulation on CD68 immune expression (macrophages) during inflammatory phase wound healing process in mice skin. Materials and Methods: Amount of 12 two-months-old male mice were used between 30 and 40 g. To surgical procedures, wound skin incision was performed 2.0 cm in length until subcutaneous on the paravertebral of each animal. The treatment was carried under locally anesthetized with procaine cream. The mice were allotted into four groups of each, entire surface of each group wound covered by base cream control, sulfadiazine 0.1% cream, J. curcas latex cream 10% and, 15%, respectively. All experiments were performed twice a day for 3 days. The wound healing was assayed in stained histological sections in immunohistochemical of the wounds. CD68 expression was investigated under a microscope. Results: The results showed that the cream from the 10% and 15% latex of J. curcas revealed moderate immune reaction to CD68 on wound healing. Conclusion: We concluded that the latex cream of J. curcas possesses anti-inflammatory activity in wound healing process of mice skin.

The objective of this study was to determine the anatomical morphology and histology of the intestineof water monitor (Varanussalvator). Intestine organ from an adult male water monito was used in thisstudy. Perfusion was performed to flow the 4% paraformaldehyde fixative solution through the heart.Intestine was collected, then divided into six sections, followed with dipping them into 4% paraformaldehydesolution for four days, continued histological preparations and stained with haematoxylin eosin (HE). Theanatomical morphology observation was performed before the intestine was processed into histologicalpreparations by observing the outer shape of the intestine and measuring it’slength. Morphologicalobservation was made †after processing theintestinal tissue by observing each portion of the intestinalwall structure. The results showed that transverse fold were found on the outer and inner surfaces of theintestine section I-IV, while in the V-VI part of the intestine, the folds were not observed anymore. Theintestine wall consisted of four layers, such as mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularis, and serosa. Thevilli on intestine section I-IV were relatively longer and higher, while the intestine vili in section V-VI wererelatively short. The entire mucosa in water monitor was coated with absorptive columnar epitheliumwith goblet cells. Based on the result study, it can be concluded that the water monitor has more efficientdigestive process which can be seen morphologically from the relatively short intestinal, has transversefolds on the surface of the small intestine, and does not have cecum. The intestinal wall consists of layersi.e : mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularis, and serosa.

Pliek u is one of the traditional spices of Aceh prepared by fermentation of coconut meat which is usedas chicken feed additive too. The stability of gut micro flora and histopathological changes of liver andkidney of mice were detected after three days oral administration of acute single dose of ethanol extract ofpliek u. Nine animals were used and grouped into three; in which group I and II (treatment groups) wereadministered 370 and 733 mg/kg body weight of pliek u, respectively, and group III referred as the control.At the fourth day of experiment, all animals were sacrificed, and their livers, kidneys and intestinal gutwere excised. The gut microbial was measured by Total Plate Count (TPC). Livers and kidneys wereprocessed for paraffin procedure and hematoxyllin-eosin staining. The results showed that the ethanolextract of pliek u has no significant effect (P>0.05) on the TPC of the gut microbial and the structure of theliver and kidney of mice. It can be concluded that administration of the two doses (370 and 730 mg/kg bw)of pliek u did not lowering the numbers of gut microbial and were not toxic to the livers and kidneys of themice.

The aim of this study was to investigate the period of estrus cycle in aceh cattle, Indonesia, based on vaginal cytology techniques. Four healthy females of aceh cattle with average weight of 250–300 kg, age of 5–7 years, and body condition score of 3-4 were used. All cattle were subjected to ultrasonography analysis for the occurrence of corpus luteum before being synchronized using intramuscular injections of PGF2 alpha 25 mg. A vaginal swab was collected from aceh cattle, stained with Giemsa 10%, and observed microscopically. Period of estrus cycle was predicted from day 1 to day 24 after estrus synchronization was confirmed using ultrasonography analysis at the same day. The result showed that parabasal, intermediary, and superficial epithelium were found in the vaginal swabs collected from proestrus, metestrus, and diestrus aceh cattle. Proportions of these cells in the particular period of estrus cycle were 36.22, 32.62, and 31.16 (proestrus); 21.33, 32.58, and 46.09 (estrus); 40.75, 37.58, and 21.67 (metestrus); and 41.07, 37.38, and 21.67 (diestrus), respectively. In conclusion, dominant proportion of superficial cell that occurred in estrus period might be used as the base for determining optimal time for insemination.

The clinical symptom and anatomical pathology effect of sulphaquinoxalin administration were studied in 12 male -seven days-old Hubbard broiler chickens with the weight of 85.57.83 g. The chickens were randomly divided into 2 groups of 6 each. The P0 group as control group just orally received aquadest and the P groups were treated 1 orally with 0.1% sulphaquinoxalin which dissolved in drinking water. The sulphaquinoxalin was administrated for seven days. At the end of experiment all chickens were sacrificed for necropsy. The results indicated that less appetite and drinking water as well as decrease of body weight (P0.01). Ptechial haemorrhagic was seen in thorax and femur muscle, mucosa of duodenum, liver, kidney, heart, lung, and spleen. The liver, kidney, heart, and spleen were swollen.