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Anaplasmosis in dog is caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, a gram-negative, mandatory intracellular bacteria. Although this bacterium is not contagious, it is transmitted through vector tick. Clinically, the acute bacterial phase is the most common in dogs. Animals with clinical disease due to acute infection often have vague symptoms of the disease, including fever, drowsiness, weakness, loss of appetite, and muscle pain. Hepcidin, on the other hand, is a peptide hormone and also plays a role as a type II acute phase reactant and regulator of iron metabolism. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between hepcidin and some anemia parameters in Anaplasma phagocytophilum seropositive dogs and to learn about the use of hepcidin as a biomarker. Our study group was composed of 20 positive Anaplasma phagocytophilum dogs, and our control group consisted of 10 healthy dogs. In both groups, complete blood counts were performed. Hepcidin, iron, ALT, AST and ALP values were also measured in serum samples collected. As a result, hepcidin values between the two groups were statistically significant (p

The owner of a goat flock admitted to our clinic with three intact male Saanen kids (3 months of age) with the complaints of stranguria, anuria, and colic. One kid was totally anuric, the other two was dribbling little urine. Anuric kid was dead shortly after submission. One of the other two kids was dead 4 hours after submission to our clinic and a necropsy was performed on both kids. Several urolithiasis extracted from the cortex, pelvis of kidneys, ureters and bladders. After necropsy, urolith samples were subjected for analysis and reported as struvite. Then, the farm was visited and urine was collected from all kids (n=23) and 15 of them was positive for struvite urolithiasis according sediment examination. Vitamin C (20 mg/kg) as powder was prescribed for four weeks and correction of the ration and gradually increasing the salt content of ration to % 4 was adviced. Four weeks later no struvite crystals were seen microscopically. Correction of ration and use of Vitamin C resulted in dissoluation of struvite crystals and prevented the further occurrence of urolithisis. Vitamin C can be used as a safe urine acidifier in kids.

Şeker hastalığının bilimsel adı olan diabetes mellitus sözcüğü, Yunanca’da geçip gitmek anlamına gelmektedir ve ilk olarak M.S. 1. Yüzyılda Kapadok’ya da yaşayan ve Roma’lı bir hekim olan Arateus tarafından kullanılmıştır. Ortaçağ Avrupası’nda, hastanın idrarındaki şekerden dolayı hastalığa ballı şeker anlamına gelen mellitus adı verilmiştir. Şeker hastalarının idrarının şeker içerdiğini tadarak belirleyen Thomas Willis 1764’de bu hastalığa ilk kez Diabetes Mellitus adını vermiştir. Diabetes mellitus karbonhidrat, protein ve yağ metabolizması bozukluğu ile karakterize, köpeklerde sıkça karşılaşılan endokrin bir hastalıktır. Metabolizma bozukluğunun şiddetine bağlı olarak asemptomatik veya polidipsi, poliüri, polifaji, kilo kaybı ve güçsüzlük gibi klinik semptomlarla karakterize olan hastalık birçok organ ve sistemi etkilemektedir. Bu derlemede köpeklerde karşılaşılan diabetes mellitustaki sınıflandırma, etiyoloji, patogenez, klinik bulgular, laboratuar bulguları, tanı ve sağaltım aktarılmaktadır.

Enzootic intranasal adenocarcinoma (ENA) of goats are contagious tumoral disease that characterized occurrence of tumoral masses in nasal cavity of the animals. The etiological agent of the disease is retrovirus and the disease cause high economical loses in goat industry. Retroviruses, respectively inducing lung or nasal adenocarcinomas. The true economic impact of ENA is not known because affected animals are given insights from the herd before actual diagnosis, and suspected disease incidence is rarely reported. Telomerase regulates the proliferative capacity of cells and this enzyme has critical role in tumor progression. The aim of this study is to evaluate telomerase activity in serum and tumoral tissue in goat with ENA. For this aim 11 goat"s serum were analyses for telomerase activity. Tumoral tissue sections of totally 14 death goats were examined by immunohistochemically for telomerase expression. In addition, 10 normal goat"s serum and nasal tissues that belong slaughtered healthy animals used as control. This study showed that increased serum and tissue telomerase activity in goats with ENA comparing to controls. Also our results showed that telomerase activity becomes a useful prediction marker for tumor development in infected but clinically healthy goats in infected flocks.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ikili (Bovine viral diarrhea virus / Bovine herpesvirus -1) ve tek enfeksiyonlu (Bovine viral diarrhea virus veya Bovine herpesvirus -1) hayvanlarda ve ayrıca sağlıklı sığırlarda serum amiloid A, haptoglobin ve özellikle hepcidin konsantrasyonlarını belirlemekti. Daha önce sadece hepcidin geni üzerinde çalışmalar yapılmış olup ancak sığır hastalıklarında hepcidin değerleri araştırılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada toplam 56 sığır kullanılmıştır. Onlardan 17'inde Bovine herpesvirus-1, 13 tanesinde Bovine viral diarrhea virüsü, bunların 4'ünde ise hem Bovine herpesvirus-1 hem Bovine viral diarrhea virüsü tespit edildi. Kontrol grubu ise 22 sağlıklı sığırdan oluşturuldu. Bulgulara göre, çift infeksiyonlu hayvanlar ile tek enfeksiyonlu hayvanlar arasında akut faz proteinlerinin seviyelerinde belirgin farklılık saptanmamıştır. Serum hepcidin değerleri, 3 çalışma grubu arasında farklılık göstermedi. Fakat üç deneme grubunda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı farklılıklar vardı (p

Objective. In this study, it was aimed to compare the effectiveness of Hydroxyethyl Starch (HTS), HTS +7.2% NaCl combination and Ringer Lactate solutions in the treatment of hypovolemic calves with diarrhea. Materials and methods. A total of 21 holstein calves (12 female, 9 male, weighted 28-52 kg), at the age of 0-30 days, were enrolled in the present study. The calves were randomly divided into 3 groups. Calves in the first group received HTS (10 mL / kg), calves in the second group received Hydroxyethyl starch + 7.2% NaCl combination (4 mL/kg) and calves in the third group were treated with lactated Ringer’s solution (32 mL/kg) intravenously. Calves in each group were administered with oral rehydration solution immediately, and at 8th and 16th hours after intravenous applications. Clinical examinations and laboratory findings were obtained at 0 hour, 30th minutes, 1st, 2nd, 4th, 12th and 24th hours respectively. Results. Calves in all groups achieved clinical remission with a positive response to treatment and there was no statistically significant difference in the vast majority of the variables examined, although dehydration, capillary refill time, mental status and pulse quality were better in hydroxyethyl starch group and especially in hydroxyethyl starch + 7.2% NaCl group than those of Ringer’s lactate group (p

Öz: Hayvanlar bir dış etkiyle karşılaşınca vucüt bu etkeni elimine etmek için bir uyarı mekanizması tetikler. Bu mekanizmaya akut faz yanıtı (AFY), mekanizmanın ürünü olan ve karaciğerden salınan kan proteinlerine ise akut faz proteinleri (AFP) denir. Akut faz proteinleri yangısal durumlarda artış ve azalış göstermelerine göre sırasıyla pozitif ve negatif olarak ikiye ayrılırlar. AFP’leri hastalıkların ön habercileri olarak genel sağlık taramalarında kullanılabildiği gibi, tedavinin etkinliğinin takibinde, teşhis ve prognoz belirlemede de kullanılabilir. Bu derlemede, literatürde sık kullanılan akut faz proteinleri, kullanım alanları ve klinik önemi iç hastalıkları açısından özetlenmiştir.Anahtar sözcükler: Akut faz proteinleri, akut faz yanıtı, serum amyloid A, C-reaktif protein.

A 6 month old, 2-kg, female cat was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy in Burdur province with bloody diarrhea and dehydration. The cat had a history of more than 1 week of disease. Faecal sample was taken for parasitological examinations and analyzed by zinc sulfate (%33 ZnSO4) centrifugal flotation and native techniques. Giardia duodenalis (G. lamblia) cysts and trophozoits were detected from cat faeces. Motile trophozoites were seen with native technique. Additionally, trophozoites were stained with Giemsa solution. The cat received a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg secnidazole diluted in 1 ml water. For the evaluation of drug efficacy, faeces were re-examined at day 7 after treatment. The aim of this study is to examine parasitological findings of simultaneous infection by Giardia duodenalis in cat, and treatment of the disease by a single dose of secnidazole. It is also the first case report about secnidazole treatment in cats with giardiasis in Turkey.

Severe diarrhea, ruffled feathers and lack of appetite were diagnosed in a budgerigar flock and totally 35 birds had died within last 2 weeks. Birds were captived in two rooms and there was a corridor separating them. Fresh faeces samples collected from both of sections. Native method and zinc sulphate flotation methods were used to diagnose Giardia sp. and Eimeria sp., respectively. After examination, Giardia psittaci was diagnosed in 8 of 10 samples from one section and Eimeria dunsingi was diagnosed in 7 of 23 samples from another section. Birds with giardiasis treated with metronidazole for 5 days (800 mg/L) in drinking water and birds with coccidiosis treated with toltrazuril 1.5 ml for 1 lt, 2 days by in drinking water. The purpose of this study was to determine the treatment of Giardia and Eimeria infections in budgerigars and prophylaxy in Turkey.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the value of hepcidin detected in healthy dogs and also to investigate the values of some inflammatory mediators and hepcidin released during the treatment in dogs with parvoviral gastroenteritis. In this study, 20 puppies with parvoviral gastroenteritis, and 15 healthy puppies were used. Dogs in study group were classified as septic after serological confirmation of infection and showing two of sepsis criteria. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin -6, interleukin- 1, serum amyloid A, C reactive protein, haptoglobin, hepcidin and iron were determined in both groups. At the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days of the treatment, blood samples were taken again, and compared with the day 0. Died dogs were examined with cytokines, acute phase proteins and hepcidin by immunohistochemical methods in liver and intestine samples. Hepcidin, TNF, IL-1, IL-6, SAA, Hp and CRP levels were increased significantly compared with in control animals, while their levels were decreased significantly during treatment. For the first time, hepcidin levels in healthy dogs and dogs with sepsis were determined and hepcidin levels were monitored during treatment. It was concluded that hepcidin can be used as prognostic indicator of sepsis.