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All the fundamental linguistic researches of the 18th-19th centuries provide very interesting and valuable information about the verb, its categories and the derivative affixes. Clearly, for a variety of reasons, a number of these views have only historical significance today, although there are some valuable observations from the present point of view. The paper discusses grammatical works of Zurab Shanshovani, Anton Bagrationi, Gaioz Rector, Davit and Ioane Bagrationi, Varlam Eristavi, Ioane Kartvelishvili, Solomon Dodashvili and Platon Ioseliani. All Georgian grammarians of this period consider the verb as an independent part of speech and give its characterization. However, it is indisputable that the provisions referred to by Anton I regarding the verb categories became a kind of basis and impetus for the grammarians of the later period, as his grammar is the first fundamental linguistic work of the Georgian language. Many different, interesting opinions have been expressed about the verb by some grammarians of the later period, while some reject a number of valuable remarks of Antony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, lexical categorization of Xinkan verbs is explored. Based on data gathered from my own fieldwork and past documentation of the Xinkan languages, I argue that intransitive verbs are organized in a way that is similar to the organization of split-intransitive systems. This analysis is supported by the morphological distribution of two intransitive verb classifiers, -ła? and -?, coupled with the semantic interpretations of the roots to which they attach. Consequently, the analysis contributes to the ongoing discussion about verb categorization and semantic alignment in general and the typological characteristics of this language family in specific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Verb categories can be formed based on their connotative meaning. • The classification of verbs might differ based on embodied experience. • For Germans and Koreans most verb categories were crosslingual. • The significant differences for abstract verbs may depend on cultural differences. • A single verb classification system for German and Korean language is problematic. Although there are different approaches to classifying verb categories, the approaches are often not consistent with the results of experimental studies investigating the neurocognitive reality of the categories. One proposal for addressing these inconsistencies is embodiment theory, which states that verbs can be categorized based on accompanying sensorimotor mental simulations. Despite numerous studies on this topic, it remains unclear whether verbs can actually be categorized by means of these sensorimotor simulations and whether these categories are crosslingual. In this study, verbs were examined using the semantic differential in 106 native German and Korean speakers. The aim was to determine with which semantic dimensions each verb can be described and whether verb subcategories can be defined. We were able to show that every verb has an individual semantic profile and that subcategories of verbs exist. For the German and Korean participants, most of the verb categories were comparable and therefore mostly crosslingual. However, there were also distinct subcategories of verbs which can probably be correlated with subtle cognitive and experience-based differences between the participating groups. We conclude from this research that it is problematic to use a single verb classification system for the German and Korean languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]