Search

To design effective PM 2.5 control strategies in urban centers, there is a need to better understand local and remote sources influencing PM 2.5 levels and associated risk to public health. An investigation of PM 2.5 levels, sources and potential human health risk associated with trace elements in the PM 2.5 was undertaken in Edmonton over a 6-year period (September 2009-August 2015). The geometric mean PM 2.5 concentration of was 7.11 μg/m 3 (interquartile range, IQR = 4.83-10.08 μg/m 3 ). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor modeling identified secondary organic aerosol (SOA) as the major contributor (2.2 μg/m 3 , 27%), followed by secondary nitrate (1.3 μg/m 3 , 17%) and secondary sulfate (1.2 μg/m 3 , 15%). Other local sources included transportation (1.1 μg/m 3 , 14%) and industry-related emissions (0.26 μg/m 3 , 3.4%), biomass burning (1.0 μg/m 3 , 13%) and soil (0.54 μg/m 3 , 6.8%). Five factors (i.e., SOA, secondary nitrate, secondary sulfate, transportation and biomass burning) contributed more than 85% to PM 2.5 for the 2009-2015 period. Geometric (arithmetic) mean and maximum ambient air concentrations for hazardous trace elements of public health concern in PM 2.5 during the study period were below United States regulatory agency chronic and acute health risk screening criteria. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of trace elements and source-specific risk values were well below acceptable and safe levels of risks recommended by regulatory agencies. More work is needed to understand the origin of potential SOA and wintertime wood burning sources in Edmonton and the surrounding region and to apply source-risk apportionment using all available hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) including organic compounds to better interpret the potential health risk posed by various sources in urban areas., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A review of the literature published in 2012 on topics relating to automotive wastes is presented. This includes solid wastes from automotive bodies, tires, vehicular emissions and their influence to soil contamination as well as impact of alternative fuels. The potential toxicological and health risks associated with automotive wastes are also reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the literature published in 2011 on topics relating to automotive wastes is presented. This includes solid wastes from automotive bodies, tires, vehicular emissions and their influence to air and soil contamination, as well as the impact of alternative fuels. Potential toxicological and health risks associated with automotive wastes are also reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the literature published in 2010 on topics relating to automotive wastes is presented. This includes solid wastes from automotive bodies, tires, vehicular emissions and their influence to soil contamination as well as impact of alternative fuels. The potential toxicological and health risks associated with automotive wastes are also reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the literature published in 2009 on topics relating to automotive wastes is presented. This includes wastes from automotive bodies, tires, and emissions from both the vehicles themselves as well as from the manufacturing industry. Literature published related to potential toxicological and health effects of automotive wastes are also reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review summarizes research literature related to automotive wastes published over the last year. This includes wastes from automotive bodies, tires, and emissions from both the vehicles themselves as well as from the manufacturing industry. Literature published related to potential toxicological and health effects of automotive wastes are also reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]