285 results on '"TAX incidence"'
Search Results
2. Effective VAT Rates, Tax Efficiency and Burden: Are Some Industries over-Taxed in China?
- Author
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Chang, Gene H., Chen, Ye, and Chang, Kathryn J.
- Subjects
TAX incidence ,NATIONAL account systems ,VALUE-added tax ,TAX accounting ,INDUSTRIAL statistics ,NATIONAL income accounting - Abstract
Estimating effective VAT rates (EVATR) of industries to assess their tax burden and efficiency has drawn much interest in policy research; but the challenge is the lack of industrial Output VAT data. We develop a novel method to recover all VAT statistics at the industry level and endogenously solve EVATR from publicly available data by utilizing input-output relationship in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) structure. We apply the method to China's data, estimate EVATR, and analyze implied tax efficiency and the tax burden of individual industries. Our study identifies true reasons for "VAT over-taxation" in some Chinese industries: China's multiple-tier VAT rate system with unrefunded Input VAT and the accounting inconsistency between taxation and national accounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The impact of tax reduction on enterprises' financialization-A quasi-natural experiment based on the reduction of VAT rate.
- Author
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Duan, Shu, Lu, Yuzhong, Cheng, Yujia, and Liu, Qian
- Subjects
- *
TAX cuts , *FISCAL policy , *FINANCIALIZATION , *VALUE-added tax , *TAX incidence - Abstract
This study examines the influence of the reduction in value-added tax (VAT) rates in China during 2018 and 2019 on corporate financialization. By employing a difference-in-differences model and utilizing data from Chinese A-share listed companies between 2017 and 2020, we assess the effects of tax reduction policies. Moreover, it achieves this outcome through three main pathways: alleviating financing constraints, boosting fixed asset investment, and weakening corporate financial arbitrage motives. Further analysis demonstrates that the inhibitory effect of VAT rate reduction on corporate financialization is more pronounced for non-manufacturing companies, businesses reliant on the basic tax rate as their primary revenue source, companies with low intermediate input rates, and those with a strong ability to shift the tax burden. Additionally, debt financing costs play a crucial role in moderating the relationship between tax reduction policies and corporate financialization. The conclusions drawn from this study provide valuable empirical evidence that can contribute to the refinement of VAT reduction policies and the prevention and resolution of financialization at the micro-level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Study on Causes of Differences in Tax Burden of Value-Added Tax from the Perspective of Industrial Linkage.
- Author
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Chu, Deyin, Li, Yuan, and Zhang, Tongbin
- Subjects
INDUSTRIALISM ,ECONOMIC conditions in China ,VALUE-added tax ,TAX incidence ,MANUFACTURING industries - Abstract
It is of great practical significance to analyze the differences of actual tax burden value-added tax (VAT) from the perspective of industrial linkage for accelerating the construction of a modern industrial system and promoting the formation of a new development pattern. This paper explains the differences and causes of the actual VAT tax burden in the manufacturing industry from the perspective of industrial linkage. According to the research results, the closer the intermediate input connection between an industry and other industries, the lower the actual VAT tax burden it bears. The characteristics of production network have a moderating effect on the relationship between the linkage of the manufacturing industries and the actual VAT tax burden. For the industries in the center of the production network, a stable backward linkage weakens the influence of industrial linkage on their actual tax burden. It is difficult for industries located in the spillover block to reduce their tax burden by adjusting the linkage of intermediate goods. In addition, highly linked manufacturing enterprises can also reduce their actual VAT tax burden by tax avoidance, tax shifting, adjusting the types of intermediate inputs and so on. Smoothing the domestic production network of the manufacturing industry and optimizing the VAT burden bearing mechanism of each manufacturing sub-industry will help promote the stable growth of the manufacturing industry and healthy development of the macro economy in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Assessing value added tax compliance burden in Gulf Cooperation Council countries.
- Author
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Abdellatif, Mahmoud and Tran-Nam, Binh
- Subjects
TAXPAYER compliance ,TAX incidence ,VALUE-added tax ,TAX administration & procedure - Abstract
In 2017, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates (UAE)) ratified the Unified Value Added Tax (VAT) Agreement, which set out the general principles for imposing VAT and mandated each GCC member state to introduce a VAT by January 2018. Four GCC countries have so far introduced VAT, namely, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain and Oman. None of these countries possess a mature tax system. In fact, they also lack a well-defined tax culture and tax morale, and their tax administrations are not yet well developed. Thus, the introduction of VAT could give rise to a serious issue regarding VAT compliance burden. In this context, this article aims (i) to examine the new VAT in the four GCC countries, and (ii) to compare qualitatively the likely VAT compliance burden among these four countries, and relative to other VAT-imposing countries, specifically member countries of the Forum on Tax Administration (FTA). We adopt the VAT Diagnostic Tool approach, which has been developed by an Australia-based research team and applied successfully to assess VAT compliance burden in FTA countries. The findings of the article suggests that while the four GCC countries belong to the medium VAT compliance burden group, they compare very favourably with FTA countries. More specifically, they perform above the FTA average in minimising compliance burden that arises from VAT policy complexity and administration complexity, but below FTA average in terms of revenue capabilities in meeting taxpayer service and compliance needs. A small number of policy recommendations are proposed with a view to maintaining or improving the good performance of GCC countries in terms of VAT complexity. They include: (i) formal recognition of the importance of tax system simplicity; (ii) use of VAT Diagnostic Tool Factors/indicators in guiding the design or simplification of VAT policy and administration; (iii) restraint from making VAT policy and administration changes without supporting evidence, and (iv) capacity building in tax administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
6. Environmentally friendly tax measures in the Portuguese jurisdiction. Enforcement of the polluter pays tax principle.
- Author
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Rodrigues Aldeia, Susana Cristina
- Subjects
TAX incidence ,CORPORATE taxes ,TAX laws ,VALUE-added tax ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact charges ,TAXATION ,CORPORATE tax laws ,TAXPAYER compliance - Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to understand what green tax measures Portuguese corporate tax law foresees and whether the measures observe the polluter pays tax principle. Design/methodology/approach: The legal research method is applied to achieve the goals. Specifically, the research analyzes the most relevant corporate tax legislation to identify legal provisions influencing taxpayers' behavior in sustainability decisions, particularly corporate income tax (CIT) and value-added tax (VAT) laws. Findings: The results show that the Portuguese Green Taxation Law introduces several environmentally friendly taxation measures by benefiting or increasing the tax burden. The influence on the CIT law results from instruments such as the autonomous taxation of expenses, depreciation, provisions and the local corporate tax. In the VAT, electric tourism vehicles' VAT deduction is possible. These measures enforce the polluter pays tax principle, increasing the tax burden on less environmentally friendly options and decreasing the tax burden on more green economic choices. These measures directly influence the companies' choice because of the increase or decrease tax burden according to more or less polluting choices. Research limitations/implications: This study only studies the Portugal case. Originality/value: This study highlights the Portuguese experience reconciling taxation and environmental dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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7. HIGH TAX BURDEN REDUCES COMPETITIVENESS: A STUDY OF THE COCOA INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA.
- Author
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Murwendah and Desyani, Wina
- Subjects
COCOA industry ,TAX incidence ,CACAO beans ,FISCAL policy ,VALUE-added tax ,IMPORT taxes ,BUSINESS revenue - Abstract
Introduction: Due to its large production in Indonesia, cocoa beans have the potential to be one of the commodities that can increase state revenue, as they provide higher value-added than unprocessed cocoa beans. Domestic cocoa bean output has not been able to meet the needs of the domestic cocoa processing industry; hence cocoa bean imports have increased year after year. On the other hand, domestic processed cocoa producers must incur a significant tax burden to import cocoa beans. Finally, the total tax paid in the cocoa industry is substantial. It also makes domestic processed cocoa goods unable to compete with imported products. Background Problems: This study analyzes the tax policies' effects on the cocoa industry's local-oriented and export-oriented business processes. Novelty: This study provides critical insights into a comprehensive overview of tax policy on the processes of the cocoa business, whereas previous studies only addressed tax policies in one area of the cocoa industry, either the upstream, intermediate, or downstream sectors. Research Methods: This study applied a qualitative approach and collected the data through a literature study and in-depth interviews. Results: The findings revealed that tax policies on the local-oriented and export-oriented business processes of cocoa vary. The export-oriented downstream cocoa industry can utilize the facilities of a bonded zone, where the tax policy differs from that of a non-bonded zone. Conclusions: There are differences in the tax policies for cocoa's local and export-oriented business processes. The main issue for the localoriented business processes is VAT. The imposition of VAT on cocoa beans is ultimately detrimental to farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
8. STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING APPROACH TOWARDS TAXPAYERS' PERCEPTIONS ON GOODS AND SERVICES TAX IN INDIA.
- Author
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Ramkumar, Gowtham, Kalimuthu, Lakshmi Priya, Selvaraj, Annie Priyadharshini, Shankarii, Sankarmani, and Rajasekaran, Kavitha Kala
- Subjects
STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,VALUE-added tax ,TAXPAYER compliance ,INDIRECT taxation ,COLLEGE student attitudes ,INTERNAL revenue ,TAX incidence ,INHERITANCE & transfer tax - Published
- 2023
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9. The VAT in practice: equity, enforcement, and complexity.
- Author
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Mascagni, Giulia, Dom, Roel, Santoro, Fabrizio, and Mukama, Denis
- Subjects
TAX incidence ,CONSUMPTION tax ,VALUE-added tax ,TAX rates - Abstract
The value-added tax (VAT) is meant to be an efficient and self-enforcing tax on consumption. Yet, being a rather sophisticated tax, the VAT can also be complex and costly to administer. By examining the case of Rwanda, this paper assesses the extent to which the VAT's potential materialises in the context of a lower-income countries. Using a mixed-methods approach, which combines qualitative information from focus group discussions with the analysis of administrative and survey data, this paper makes two contributions. First, it documents reporting inconsistencies in VAT data, providing new evidence on how weak capacity prevents tax administrations in lower-income countries from reaping the full benefits of the VAT. Second, it shows that the VAT, as applied in practice, differs substantially from its theoretical functioning. This generates differences in tax burdens across firms, despite a proportional tax rate, with important distributional implications. We also document that the VAT chain often breaks down, with implications on the VAT's efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Перспективи проведення податкової реформи «10-10-10» в Україні.
- Author
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Н. С., Ситник
- Subjects
INCOME tax ,BUSINESS tax ,BUSINESSPEOPLE ,TAX rates ,TAX incidence ,TAX reform ,VALUE-added tax - Abstract
In the wake of the war in Ukraine and the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, many businesses have either suspended or closed their operations. The introduction of martial law requires rapid adaptation of tax legislation to new realities. To do this, the State must, in particular, distribute its burden to promote the survival of businesses in the wartime conditions. One of such plans is to carry out the tax reform «10-10-10», which provides for amendments to tax legislation, revision of preferential taxation of certain business segments and reduction of basic tax rates. Making adjustments to these tax rates will lead to serious changes in the State budget itself. The main taxes that will be changed during the reform are VAT, personal income tax and business income tax. Analysts argue that reducing them to 10% and strengthening tax control over entrepreneurs and enterprises will lead to the withdrawal of a significant part of business from the «shadow». The important point is that, in contrast to reducing the rates on basic taxes, the authors of the reform propose to strengthen control over the activities of not only registered entrepreneurs, but also the population that receives income without registering as a business entity. This will entail an increase in fines for violating tax legislation. Among the important shortcomings of the reform are the potential increase in the budget deficit resulting from a significant reduction in taxes, as well as the conditions of the European Directive 112, which Ukraine has to adhere to within the framework of European integration and according to which the VAT rate cannot be less than 15%. In turn, the advantages are strengthening tax control, de-shadowing the economy and reducing the tax burden on the wage fund, improving the standard of living of the population, supporting business and attracting foreign investment. Thus, after a detailed consideration of the reform, familiarization with the opinions of leading experts and a brief analysis, it can be argued that in such a difficult situation in which Ukraine finds itself now, it is appropriate to make fundamental changes to the tax system in order to improve the financial condition of the population, enterprises and the economy in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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11. SHADOW ECONOMY IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. WAYS OF IT’S EDUCE IN UKRAINE.
- Author
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Kalaitan, Tetyana, Hrymak, Oleh, Kushnir, Lesya, Kondrat, Iryna, and Yaroshevych, Nataliia
- Subjects
INFORMAL sector ,HOSPITALITY industry ,SHADOW banking system ,TAX incidence ,TAX rates ,TAX reform ,VALUE-added tax - Abstract
This article aims to identify factors influencing the shadow economy of the Ukrainian hospitality industry and to offer ways for its reduction. The result of the research has shown a high level of the shadow sector in the Ukrainian hospitality industry. This is facilitated by many factors but the most significant of them are high social security contributions and hefty taxes. The analysis reveals that the level of expenditures in the hospitality business is the highest, with the average salary being the lowest among considered sectors of the economy. This indicates that the sector is very labour-intensive, which contributes to an increase in tax burden and, as a result, an increase in the informal hospitality sector. We propose the main directions for reforming the tax system to reduce the level of the informal economy in the hospitality industry. Ukraine needs to introduce preferential VAT rates for the hotel business, and the accommodation sector needs more reduction of the standard rate. The practice of paying the tourist tax also needs to be reformed. According to the current legislation, the payers of the tourist tax are tourists, and the tax agents are the business entities of the accommodation sector, which are mostly "in the shadows". As a result, a significant part of tourists does not actually pay the tourist tax. The introducing a mechanism for paying the tourist tax, which would allow all tourists to be taxpayers, would create an opportunity for better financing and development of the tourist destination. To legalise the shadow sector in the hospitality industry it is also necessary to reduce the single tax rate for small businesses in this area. Such actions will not be associated with large losses for the budget. In addition, the experience of other countries shows the positive consequences of using this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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12. CONDIȚIILE DE FOND ȘI DE FORMĂ ALE EXERCITĂRII DREPTULUI DE DEDUCERE A TAXEI PE VALOAREA ADĂUGATĂ.
- Author
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POPESCU, EMILIAN-FLORIA
- Subjects
VALUE-added tax ,INDIRECT taxation ,EUROPEAN communities ,TAX returns ,TAX incidence ,RIGHTS - Abstract
The value added tax (V.A.T.) collection mechanism reveals the existence of two categories of subjects involved in the legal relations connected thereto: V.A.T. collectors and V.A.T. payers, the last phrase designating the persons whose patrimony actually bear the burden of this indirect tax. Although all these subjects carry out V.A.T. payment operations, due to the establishment of the right to deduct V.A.T., the mentioned differentiation can be made. If it is easy to identify the V.A.T. payer in whose patrimony it is finally reflected the cost of this fiscal obligation, the other category, catalogued with the phrase „V.A.T. collectors", these being the holders of the right to deduct V.A.T., involves difficulties in verifying the fulfilment of the conditions imposed for the exercise of this right. For the return by the Tax Office of the amounts paid by the holders of the right to deduct V.A.T. it was established by the Court of Justice of the European Community the principle of the economic prevalence over the legal one, which requires to sacrifice some norms concerning the formal conditions necessary to be met for the exercise of the right to deduct V.A.T., in favour of the economic reality of the technical-material operations susceptible to return V.A.T. related thereto. Given the difficulties generated by the application of this principle, it is necessary to identify the logics of the applicability of the right to deduct V.A.T. in the mechanism of its collection in the context of the stated principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
13. El Impuesto al Valor Agregado (IVA) en Ecuador y sus cambios.
- Author
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Centeno Maldonado, Paúl Alejando, Moreno Silva, Rubi Heydi, Tapia Guayanlema, Melany Gisell, and Urquizo Padilla, Gisella Lizbeth
- Subjects
VALUE-added tax ,TAX incidence ,PUBLIC works ,TAX collection ,PERCENTILES - Abstract
Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
14. EFECTOS QUE PRODUCEN ALGUNAS EXENCIONES Y BENEFICIOS TRIBUTARIOS EN TÉRMINOS DE RECAUDACIÓN FISCAL.
- Author
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Mardonez Montes, Camila Fernanda, Landaeta Bahamonde, Jaime Humberto, and Sanhueza Moena, Valentina Lissete
- Subjects
- *
TAX collection , *TAX benefits , *TAX exemption , *VALUE-added tax , *GOVERNMENT policy , *FINANCIAL crises , *TAX incidence - Abstract
The recent changes in the national events have generated the need to increase tax collection, this in order to subsidize public policies that allow us to face the social, sanitary and economic crisis that currently affects our country. The purpose of this investigation is to analyze what is the effect that the elimination and/or modification of exemptions such as the DFL.2 and the Value Added Tax would produce in the services at the level of tax collection, considering the age of these benefits and the amount of taxpayers who choose to use it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. What impairs the 'money machine' of VAT in developing countries?
- Author
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Mudiyanselage, Harsha Konara and Chen, Shawn Xiaoguang
- Subjects
DEVELOPING countries ,TAX incidence ,TAX base ,VALUE-added tax ,TAX rates - Abstract
The paper investigates the impact of VAT introduction in 127 developing countries on tax capacity and underlying mechanisms. Using difference-in-difference with VAT adopting neighbours as the instrumental variable, we show that VAT increases the share of tax in GDP. However, the increase is mostly channelled through the increase in effective tax rate, while creating an extra tax burden on the existing firms and leading to shrinking tax base. Moreover, the informational role of VAT is not as effective as usually alleged in broadening the tax base by inducing informal firms into the formal sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. TEKNOLOJ&İ GEL&İŞT&İRME BÖLGELER&İNDE FAAL&İYETTE BULUNAN &İŞLETMELER AÇISINDAN BU BÖLGELERE YÖNEL&İK SAĞLANAN DEVLET TEŞV&İK VE DESTEKLER&İN&İN DEĞERLEND&İR&İLMES&İ: B&İR TEKNOKENT ÖRNEĞ&İ
- Author
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ONOCAK, Derya, KÖSE, Ömer, and ONUT, Sefa
- Subjects
- *
VALUE-added tax , *TAX incidence , *GOVERNMENT aid , *MONETARY incentives - Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the importance of government incentives and supports for technology development zones (TDZ) for businesses operating in these regions and the effect of businesses on their preferences to operate in these regions. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to 47 of the 57 companies operating in Cumhuriyet Teknokent. Within the scope of the research, with the questionnaire form which includes questions in three different categories: "Descriptive information", "Elements affecting the operation in Technology Development Zones" and "Thoughts on incentives and supports provided to Technology Development Zones"; The opinions of the participants, whether they are academics or not, male or female, and those who operate outside the Technology Development Zones or not, were compared and significant differences were determined. In addition, the most important support factor that reduces the costs of most of the participants is Value Added Tax (VAT) exemption, the most important advantage of incentive policies is that they reveal new investment ideas, the most important factor affecting opening a company in Technology Development Zones is the support and incentives provided, incentives and supports reduce the tax burden. It has been determined that they facilitates investment and reduces the need for capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. TAX PLANNING, VALUE ADDED TAX (VAT) OPTIMIZATION AND TAX CONTROL.
- Author
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Mrčela, Ante, Marić, Silvana Zovko, and Piplica, Damir
- Subjects
TAX planning ,VALUE-added tax ,MATHEMATICAL optimization ,TAX incidence ,DIRECT costing - Abstract
Tax expense makes up a significant part of the company's total costs, which are directly related to the company's competitiveness on the market. Besides direct costs, tax burdens also create indirect costs because increasingly complex tax regulations demand specific and specialized knowledge as well as being familiar with them. Research of existing Croatian practice through appropriate case studies will confirm the thesis that tax planning and optimization are finding ways to reduce tax payments, and at the same time have a role in achieving tax savings through various opportunities for tax relief and other savings. The aim of the research is to show based on concrete case studies the application of the scientific approach in tax planning. The obtained results show that ignorance and misapplication of legal regulations can lead to significant expenses in the form of penalties for committing a tax offense or even a possible criminal offense. Therefore, entrepreneurs can achieve savings in paying taxes only if they correctly apply tax regulations through tax optimization and planning and at the same time, they can reduce the risk of reckless entry into the area of tax avoidance. It is, therefore, important to be well acquainted with the tax system and tax regulations, but also with the procedures and legal possibilities in the case of tax supervision, through which proper tax planning is controlled. VAT optimization is a complex process and involves the use of various methods, approaches, and strategies to achieve a useful result without ultimately looking like an attempt to avoid paying taxes. Knowledge of tax reliefs and exemptions enables efficient tax planning and facilitates the company's management to make optimal business decisions. Tax revenues make up a significant part of state budget revenues, which makes the controlling in this area of tax planning and optimization frequent, thorough and comprehensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
18. Tax Planning Value Added Tax (Vat) and Article 4 (2) Tax on Income in Indonesia.
- Author
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Sonbay, Ermida F., Djamhuri, Ali, and Baridwan, Zaki
- Subjects
VALUE-added tax ,INCOME tax ,BUSINESS enterprises ,TAX incidence ,TAX planning ,TAX laws - Abstract
Copyright of International Research Journal of Business Studies is the property of Prasetiya Mulya Publishing, Universitas Prasetiya Mulya and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Sunak Indicates He Wants UK Election in Second Half of Year.
- Author
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Ashton, Emily and Wickham, Alex
- Subjects
ELECTIONS ,INHERITANCE & transfer tax ,PUBLIC debts ,VALUE-added tax ,TAX incidence - Abstract
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak has indicated that he plans to call a general election in the second half of the year, despite growing calls from opposition parties for a vote in May. While he did not rule out a spring election, most political observers expect it to be held in the fall. Sunak's decision to hold a budget in March had sparked speculation of a May election, but he sought to fend off this speculation by stating his intention for a later election. Opposition parties accused Sunak of trying to postpone an electoral reckoning, but he is trying to calculate the best time to appeal to voters and extend the Conservative Party's 14 years in office. The economy is likely to be a central focus of the election campaign, with Sunak and Chancellor of the Exchequer Jeremy Hunt potentially having more room to cut taxes in the March budget. However, there are risks associated with a later election, including potential economic shocks and the uncertainty of making progress on other pledges. Labour leader Keir Starmer plans to take the fight to the Conservatives on the economy during the election campaign, accusing the party of driving down wages and security for working people. He also criticized the Conservatives' record on the economy and tax cuts. Starmer wants an election on the economy and is ready for the fight. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
20. Do tourist companies support a greater direct tax burden? The case of Spain.
- Author
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Bernal, Ángela Pilar Granados, Montero, Pedro Atienza, and Recio, Luis Ángel Hierro
- Subjects
TAX incidence ,DIRECT taxation ,INDIRECT taxation ,BUSINESS tourism ,TRAVEL agents ,VALUE-added tax ,TOURISM - Abstract
Most of the literature on tourism taxation focuses on indirect taxes, on their use as a policy to promote tourism or as a system for collecting and controlling revenue. This document addresses an issue which has thus far remained almost unexplored; the direct taxation of tourism through the corporate tax borne by companies in the sector. The proposed objectives are twofold: first, to verify whether direct taxation leads to an additional tax on the tourism sector, which compensates for the lower collection due to the application of reduced rates in indirect taxation; and second, to ascertain whether there are differences between the different subsectors of the tourism sector in this regard. For this, a random sample of 16,266 Spanish companies for the period 2014–2018 is used, taken from the SABI (Iberian Balance Analysis System) base. Results show that Spanish tourism companies are taxed above average, although less than most subsectors of the services sector, such that it cannot be said that there is compensation for the lower VAT tax burden. However, the exception is travel agencies, who bear a much higher levy on corporate tax whilst at the same time enjoying a special VAT regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. PREDANOST ZAKONODAVCA TEMELJNIM (SOCIJALNIM) POREZNIM NAČELIMA USTAVA PRI UREĐENJU SUSTAVA OPOREZIVANJA DOHOTKA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ.
- Author
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Kuzelj, Valentino, Jerković, Emina, and Perić, Renata
- Subjects
INCOME tax ,VALUE-added tax ,INDIRECT taxation ,TAX incidence ,MUNICIPAL services - Abstract
Because of its basic structural feature of adaptability to the taxpayer's economic capacity, personal income tax is one of the basic instruments for achieving tax equity. The progressiveness of the personal income tax system does not exclusively affect the realization of the redistributive principle; it is also considered as a suitable instrument for mitigating or annulling the negative consequences of the regressive effect of indirect taxes, primarily value added tax. In addition, the funds collected from personal income tax, as a shared tax, represent the most generous source of funding for local and regional self-government units and public services which they provide to their residents. Having this in mind, if the development of the Croatian personal income tax system is observed, especially in the last ten years, the question arises whether it succeeds in achieving its basic functions: fiscal and social. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Russia Weighs Tax Hikes to Fund Its War in Ukraine.
- Subjects
INCOME tax ,TAXATION of corporate profits ,TAXATION ,VALUE-added tax ,TAX incidence - Abstract
Russia is considering implementing tax hikes to raise funds for its war in Ukraine. The government is exploring options such as increasing corporate profit taxes and personal income taxes for high-earning individuals. President Vladimir Putin has expressed his intention to reform the tax system to achieve a more equitable distribution of the tax burden. The exact levels of the tax increase are expected to be decided in the summer. Russia's government is facing financial strain due to increased military expenditure and the impact of international sanctions, leading to a budget deficit. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
23. Russia Weighs Post-Election Tax Hikes to Fund War in Ukraine.
- Subjects
INCOME tax ,TAXATION of corporate profits ,TAXATION ,VALUE-added tax ,TAX incidence - Abstract
Russia is considering implementing tax hikes to raise funds for the war in Ukraine. Options being considered include increasing corporate profits and high-earning individuals' taxes. President Vladimir Putin has expressed his intention to overhaul the tax system to achieve a more equitable distribution of the tax burden. The government is likely to decide on the exact levels of the tax increase in the summer. The war has led to a wage spiral as recruitment into the military exacerbates labor shortages in the economy. Russia's government is facing financial strain due to increased military expenditure and efforts to support businesses amidst international sanctions. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
24. Russia Weighs Post-Election Tax Hikes to Fund Its War in Ukraine.
- Subjects
INCOME tax ,TAXATION of corporate profits ,TAXATION ,VALUE-added tax ,TAX incidence - Abstract
Russia is considering implementing tax increases to raise funds for its war in Ukraine. The government is discussing potential tax hikes on corporate profits and high-earning individuals, including raising personal income tax to 20% for those earning over 5 million rubles and increasing company taxation to 25%. President Vladimir Putin has expressed his intention to reform the tax system for a more equitable distribution of the tax burden. The exact levels of the tax increase will be decided in the summer, and the government sees the beginning of a new presidential term as an opportunity for unpopular reforms. Russia's government is facing financial strain due to increased military spending and international sanctions, with the budget already in deficit. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
25. КОНЦЕПЦІЯ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ КОРПОРАТИВНОГО ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ ДОХОДІВ В УКРАЇНІ.
- Author
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Н. А., Мамонтова and В. О., Витюк
- Subjects
CORPORATE taxes ,TAX incidence ,VALUE-added tax ,INDUSTRIAL management ,BUSINESS tax ,INCOME tax ,TAX reform ,STOCK ownership - Abstract
The article examines the feasibility and relevance of reforming corporate income taxation in Ukraine. We have scrutinized scientific researches of domestic and foreign scientists. The low fiscal efficiency of corporate income tax has been investigated and a stable relationship has been detected between the level of tax payment and a set of additional factors, namely the level of corporate management, the form of ownership and public attention. The high weight of the payment of income tax in the overall structure of the top-30 enterprises of Ukraine for the payment of taxes was noted. The international experience of corporate income taxation is analyzed and summarized. The necessity of replacing the income tax with another type of corporate income taxation has been substantiated. Systemic problems of the effectiveness of the existing models of corporate income taxation in the world are noted. The negative impact of low-tax on the functioning of tax systems in a lot of countries and the creation of the effect of uneven tax burden is emphasized. Information on the practical experience of introducing a tax on withdrawn capital in the foreign countries has been systematized. The low efficiency of that concept and the inexpediency of using this concept in the modern domestic conditions have been investigated. The possibility of replacing the value added tax has been assessed and the critical dependence of the budget incomes on the tax has been established. Concept of reforming corporate income taxation was developed and substantiated by introducing 1% turnover tax in addition to value added tax and the complete abolition of income tax. The volume of tax receipts for 2010—2019 has been estimated in the case of the introduction of author's concept of corporate taxation of income instead of current taxation system. The positive consequences for Ukrainian economy have been evaluated and systematized. Strong need to form a new tax culture and philosophy of interaction between representatives of tax authorities and business was emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
26. Analysing SST 2.0 Burden Using the Guiding Principles of Good Tax Policy.
- Author
-
SuryaniMohd Jamel, Nur Erma, Hamid, Nadiah Abd, and Zawawi, Siti Norhayati
- Subjects
FISCAL policy ,TAX incidence ,VALUE-added tax ,INDIRECT taxation ,SUSTAINABLE development ,PRICE regulation - Abstract
Objective - Since the 70s, the Malaysian government has been focusing on sustainable development to improve society's economic well-being. In September 2015, Malaysia reaffirmed this commitment with the other United Nations countries by putting the 2030 Agenda for 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into action and focusing on the bottom 40% households (B40). Unfortunately, the implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on 1 April 2015 and followed by the Sales and Services Tax (SST) 2.0 on 1 September 2018 has impacted all income groups, especially the B40, with a claim that indirect tax is regressive and burdensome (MIER, 2018). Hence, the present study aims to analyse SST 2.0 tax burden using the elements of the guiding principles of good tax policy. Methodology/Technique -- In this quantitative study, the researchers distributed questionnaires to the B40, M40, and T20 groups throughout Malaysia. Evidently, the government should consider reducing the SST 2.0 tax rate to minimise the tax burden of all groups of income earners based on the ability to pay. Findings - Furthermore, the efficiency of tax administrations is vital to strengthen the enforcement function in controlling the prices of goods and services. The findings can provide useful feedback to policymakers and tax authorities in designing a progressive indirect tax. Novelty - The policymakers should also consider the new SST model and propose relevant social safety net programmes to enhance economic well-being and eradicate inequity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. TÜRKİYE'DE ÜCRET GELİRLERİNİN VERGİLENDİRİLMESİNİN VERGİ GELİRLERİYLE İLİŞKİSİNE YÖNELİK AMPİRİK BİR TEST.
- Author
-
AKAR, Sonay
- Subjects
WAGE taxation ,INTERNAL revenue ,VALUE-added tax ,TAX incidence ,INCOME tax ,TAX planning ,STAMP duties ,TAX benefits ,CONSUMPTION tax - Abstract
Copyright of Muhasebe ve Vergi Uygulamalari Dergisi (MUVU) / Journal of Accounting & Taxation Studies (JATS) is the property of Ankara Serbest Muhasebeci Mali Musavirler Odasi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Desigualdad y sacrificio equitativo en la tributación por deciles de hogares en México.
- Author
-
Gutiérrez, Genaro Aguilar
- Subjects
VALUE-added tax ,TAX incidence ,INCOME tax ,HOUSEHOLD surveys ,AVERSION - Abstract
Copyright of Economía, Sociedad y Territorio is the property of El Colegio Mexiquense and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. UTICAJ TRANSFERNIH CIJENA NA PORESKU EVAZIJU.
- Author
-
Šupuković, Vedran
- Subjects
TRANSFER pricing ,VALUE-added tax ,TAX evasion ,TAX base ,TAX incidence ,PRICE regulation ,RELATED party transactions - Abstract
Copyright of Economy & Market Communication Review / Casopis za Ekonomiju i Trzisne Komunikacije is the property of Pan-European University Apeiron and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Nichterhebung von Umsatzsteuer für kommunale Tätigkeiten – § 2b UStG und Alternativen – Teil 2.
- Author
-
Englisch, Joachim
- Subjects
SALES tax laws ,LOCAL taxation ,VALUE-added tax ,TAX exemption ,TAX incidence ,LEGISLATIVE reform - Abstract
The article focuses on perspectives of the special sales tax treatment of the public hand facing municipal services under section 2 of Umsatzsteuergesetz (UStG), German Value-Added Tax law. It mentions alternatives to section 2b UStG for an exemption municipal activities from sales tax burdens and legislative reform. It also mentions small and medium-sized municipalities due to austerity and demographics change.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Public Finance
- Author
-
Musgrave, Richard A. and Macmillan Publishers Ltd
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Tax pass-through in the European beer market.
- Author
-
Ardalan, Aria and Kessing, Sebastian G.
- Subjects
INDIRECT taxation ,EXCISE tax ,ALCOHOLIC beverage tax ,VALUE-added tax ,TAX rates - Abstract
We study the pass-through of indirect taxes on beer prices in the European Union (EU). Exploiting the variation of value added tax rates, beer excise tax rates, and beer prices in a panel of monthly data from 1996 to 2016 of all current 28 EU member states, we estimate the tax pass-through of specific beer excise taxes and ad valorem value added taxes (VAT). VAT is under-shifted at a rate of approximately 70%. Specific excise taxes are almost fully shifted to prices in the EU, but, in contrast to the empirical findings for the USA, there is no evidence of over-shifting. The difference between the two tax pass-through rates points toward the importance of imperfect competition in the European beer market. Excise tax increases are passed through faster and at a higher rate than excise tax decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. ПОДАТКОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ПОТОКОВИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ У ЛАНЦЮГУ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО РИНКУ ЗЕРНОВИХ І ХЛІБНИХ ПРОДУКТІВ
- Author
-
Nikishyna, Oksana V.
- Subjects
- *
CEREAL products , *VALUE added (Marketing) , *VALUE-added tax , *TAX incidence , *INTERNAL revenue - Abstract
The article conducts an empirical study of the processes of formation and fiscal redistribution of value added in the chain of the Ukrainian market of grain and bread products. Structural and financial imbalances in the chain, the share of each link in the formation of market value added and tax revenues are identified. On the basis of interlink balance the comparative analysis of the main indicators of efficiency of links is carried out. It is established that the highest level of tax burden falls on the link of bread production, which has the lowest level of profitability of products in the chain and the highest complexity of value added. On the basis of European practices, measures of optimization of value added taxation in the grain chain, aimed at reducing structural and price imbalances in the market chain, are substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Управління навантаженням з податку на додану вартість в діяльності суб’єктів господарювання.
- Author
-
OSTAPENKO, Yu. P.
- Subjects
TAX incidence ,BUSINESS tax ,TAX credits ,TAX reform ,BUSINESS expansion ,VALUE-added tax ,TAX laws ,INVOICES - Abstract
Modern economic conditions in Ukraine are characterized by an excessive level of tax burden on business and the instability of tax legislation, which hinders the development of entrepreneurial activities of business entities. Therefore, one of the main factors of business growth is the creation of an effective and flexible mechanism for optimizing the tax burden at the enterprise level. The purpose of the article is to systematize the existing methods of management of tax burden on value-added tax at the enterprise Level, as well as to substantiate possible ways to optimize tax payments for VAT. The features of the formation of the tax burden on the activities of business entities were disclosed in the context of reforming the tax system of Ukraine. For the purpose of effective management of the value added tax burden at the enterprise, it was proposed: to organize a system of constant monitoring of the balance of funds on the electronic account, which is open for each VAT payer, in the electronic VAT administration system; to organize a control system under contracts for the receipt of commodity values (services); to establish partnerships with contractors-suppliers and buyers. In addition, to reduce the tax burden on VAT in the activities of business entities, the following measures have been proposed: to develop a calendar-schedule of payments and purchases; to coordinate advance payments and purchases with suppliers; to draw up a plan-calendar for registering your own tax invoices (tax liability) and received from the supplier (tax credit); to establish contractual relations with contractors-suppliers from the conditions of payment and registration of tax invoices stipulated in the contract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. La incidencia del Impuesto Especial sobre Producción y Servicios al tabaco en México.
- Author
-
Ibarra Salazar, Jorge, de la Fuente Pérez, Daniela Patricia, and Miravete Martínez, María Fernanda
- Subjects
EXCISE tax ,TOBACCO taxes ,VALUE-added tax ,FISCAL policy ,TOBACCO products - Abstract
Copyright of Contaduría y Administración is the property of Facultad de Contaduria y Administracion-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. THE REPULSIVE EFFECTS OF THE TAX BURDEN ON THE GENERATION OF WEALTH IN BRAZIL.
- Author
-
de Almeida Lima, Lauro Vinício and Reis Machado, Márcia
- Subjects
- *
TAX incidence , *VALUE-added tax , *ECONOMIC impact , *TAX rates , *PUBLIC companies - Abstract
Purpose - This research was aimed at verifying the influence of the tax burden on the value added produced by publicly traded companies listed in Brazil Bolsa Balcão (B3). Design/methodology/approach - The study had a quantitative approach and the sample period was from 2010 to 2016. Given the complexity of the Brazilian tax burden - characterized by high tax rates and confusing legislation - and the importance of value added as an accounting metric with economic impact, this research relied on the public choice theory and the elasticity of taxable income to analyze the relationship between the level of tax burden and the process of wealth generation in Brazilian companies. Findings - The empirical evidence found in this study corroborates the theoretical understanding that the tax burden in Brazil exerts a negative influence on the value added produced by companies. Practical and Social implications - This conclusion is a relevant assessment for society as a whole, as it is necessary to protect and maximize companies' wealth-adding process, since it is the resources produced by companies that will be shared in the economy with society, whose development depends on the wealth creation process. Originality - The use of the added value produced as a metric of efficiency or saturation of the tax burden borne by companies in the Brazilian market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. What Goes Up May Not Come Down: Asymmetric Incidence of Value-Added Taxes.
- Author
-
Benzarti, Youssef, Carloni, Dorian, Harju, Jarkko, and Kosonen, Tuomas
- Subjects
VALUE-added tax ,TAX incidence ,PROFIT margins - Abstract
This paper provides evidence that prices respond significantly more strongly to increases than to decreases in value-added taxes (VATs). First, using two plausibly exogenous VAT changes, we show that prices respond twice as much to VAT increases as to VAT decreases. Second, we show that this asymmetry results in higher equilibrium profits and markups. Third, we find that firms operating with low profit margins are particularly likely to respond asymmetrically to VAT changes. Fourth, these asymmetric price effects persist several years after VAT changes take place. Fifth, using all VAT changes in the European Union from 1996 to 2015, we find similar levels of asymmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Varieties of VAT pass through.
- Author
-
Benedek, Dora, De Mooij, Ruud A., Keen, Michael, and Wingender, Philippe
- Subjects
TAX incidence ,VALUE-added tax ,EUROZONE - Abstract
This paper exploits a unique dataset (monthly observations on consumer prices and VAT rates for around 70 commodity groups in 17 Eurozone countries over 1999–2013) to identify the extent of pass through for several types of VAT change—including (a key concern, previously unaddressed) in the standard VAT rate. The impact on consumer prices proves to vary systematically and sharply across these different types of VAT reform. For example, the usual presumption of full pass through is broadly confirmed for changes in the standard rate, but pass through for reduced rates appears to be generally noticeably lower. The results are robust against endogeneity and attenuation bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Doctrine of Mutuality and GST.
- Author
-
Gosalia, Vatsal
- Subjects
VALUE-added tax ,TAX incidence ,INDIRECT taxation ,INTERNATIONAL taxation ,MUTUAL obligation - Abstract
There has been a long existing tussle between the tax authorities and the tax payers on the issue of mutuality. Where the authorities have often tried to find ways to impose the tax burden on mutual concerns, the taxpayers have been avoiding the tax net using the long established Doctrine of Mutuality. Although this debate in the erstwhile (service tax) regime was only put to rest recently by the Hon'ble Supreme Court, this dispute is carried forward in the GST regime too. In this article, I have tried to argue that the Doctrine of Mutuality is applicable under the GST law, and although the authorities have tried to do away with this doctrine under the GST, the law is not appropriately drafted thereby failing to achieve the desired objective. This article is divided in 3 parts, where in the part I introduces the Doctrine of Mutuality and its evolution. Part II analyses the Doctrine in light of provisions under the GST law. Part III discusses the Constitutional position with respect to GST law and its impact on applicability of Doctrine of Mutuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Tax aggressiveness of government-controlled corporations in Brazil.
- Author
-
Lopo Martinez, Antonio and Pereira Motta, Fábio
- Subjects
- *
VALUE-added tax , *TAX incidence , *TAXATION of profits , *TAX rates , *OPERATING revenue - Abstract
This article examines whether government control of companies is a factor influencing tax aggressiveness, through a comparative analysis of these firms versus privately controlled companies listed on the BM&FBovespa. The analysis covers the period from 2009 through 2013 and aggressiveness is measured by three metrics: effective tax rate (ETR), book-tax difference (BTD) and tax burden disclosed in the statement of value added, which we call the tax rate on added value (TRAV). The results of the regressions confirm the main hypothesis regarding taxation of profit and also of gross revenue, because government-controlled corporations had significantly higher ETR and TRAV, indicating less tax aggressiveness. Although the result for BTD was not conclusive to indicate the aggressiveness profile, based on the other two variables, it can be stated that shareholding control by the government is a factor determining lower tax aggressiveness in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A STUDY OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TAXATION SYSTEM IN PRE & POST GST SCENARIO AT TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN BADDI (HIMACHAL PRADESH).
- Author
-
TAILOR, VIVEK and CHAUHAN, NARENDER SINGH
- Subjects
TEXTILE industry ,STAMP duties ,VALUE-added tax ,CONSUMPTION tax ,TAX incidence - Abstract
The concept of Goods & Service Tax is a "Dual Taxation system" in consideration of India as a Nation & it is popularly known by the name of GST. Firstly, in India the idea of GST was developed in the regime of Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government in 2003 & then afterwards it got implemented in 1 July 2017. Dual taxation system means it has two components i.e. Central GST & State GST. Total 160 countries in world has implemented the GST. France was the first country to implement the GST in 1954. The introduction of goods and services tax has abolished the taxes such as octroi, Central sales tax, State level sales tax, entry tax, stamp duty, telecom license fees, turnover tax, tax on consumption or sale of electricity, taxes on transportation of goods and services. This paper highlights of the comparative analysis of taxation system in Pre and post GST scenario at Textile Industry in Baddi Himachal Pradesh. Henceforth it gives idea about the effect of it on various Textile Industry around the Nation (India). At a consumer level, GST would reduce the overall tax burden & allow them to claim Input Tax Credit. Though Various GST Returns have implemented in practices by government it has mixed response in general as well as in industrial sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
42. Combined fiscal policies to promote healthier diets: Effects on purchases and consumer welfare.
- Author
-
Caro, Juan Carlos, Valizadeh, Pourya, Correa, Alejandrina, Silva, Andres, and Ng, Shu Wen
- Subjects
- *
FISCAL policy , *TAX incidence , *TAX incentives , *FAMILY budgets , *VALUE-added tax - Abstract
Taxes on unhealthy foods and sweetened beverages, as well as subsidies to healthy foods, have become increasingly popular strategies to curb obesity and related non-communicable diseases. The existing evidence on the welfare effects of such fiscal policies is mixed and almost uniquely focused on tax schemes. Using the 2016-2017 Chilean Household Budget Survey, we estimate a censored Exact Affine Stone Index (EASI) incomplete demand system and simulate changes in purchases, tax incidence, and consumer welfare of three different policy scenarios: (1) a 5 percentage point additional tax on sweetened beverages (currently taxed at 18%) and a new 18% tax on sweets and snacks, (2) a healthy subsidy by zero-rating fruits and vegetables from the current 19% value-added tax, and (3) a combined (tax plus subsidy) policy. Under full pass-through of these policies, the combined scheme captures the incentives to switch purchases from both single-policy alternatives, resulting in a net welfare gain and subsidy transfer for the average Chilean household. In terms of welfare, low-income households strictly benefit from a combined policy, while high-income households experience a small consumer welfare loss, resulting in re-distributional effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. STATE VALUE-ADDED TAX COLLECTION EFFICIENCY IN BRAZIL.
- Author
-
Gomes Cabello, Otavio, Eduardo Gaio, Luiz, and Jose Rezende, Amaury
- Subjects
TAX collection ,VALUE-added tax ,PUBLIC finance ,TAX incidence ,INTERNAL revenue - Abstract
Copyright of Advances in Scientific & Applied Accounting is the property of Associacao Nacional de Programas de Pos-graduacao em Ciencias Contabeis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. ASSESSMENT OF LAFFER POINTS OF THE I AND II TYPES OF VAT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION, KAZAKHSTAN AND AZERBAIJAN REPUBLICS.
- Author
-
SULEYMANOVA, AYNUR
- Subjects
TAX incidence ,FISCAL policy ,INTERNAL revenue ,VALUE-added tax ,TAXATION - Abstract
Tax burden, i.e. the ratio of the tax revenues and the aggregate taxable income, is an important macroeconomic variable and economic policy instrument which account for the tax burden and the revenue structure in the economy. The macroeconomic regulation function in the context of taxation comes to its own mainly over the value added tax (VAT). The effectiveness fiscal policy in general as well as tax policy in particular depends mainly on the VAT-level in the economy. In the framework of this paper we focus on the performance three post-Soviet Republics, Russian Federation, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan in terms of the VAT-policy and its efficiency. Due to the completely new emergence of the tax system in all three mentioned states, the paper in hand is a kind of assessment of the different economic policy approaches in these three country cases. From this point of view, a comparative analysis of the present situation of the tax system of these countries is an interesting area. We estimate the optimal levels of the tax burden on VAT on the basis of econometric models and the Laffer points of the types I and II were determined for each case study. It should be noted that the Laffer point of the type I is the level of tax burden at which the volume of total output reaches its maximum, and at the Laffer point of the type II, the amount of tax revenue reaches its maximum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
45. Michael Keen and Joel Slemrod: review of Rebellion, rascals, and revenues: tax follies and wisdom through the ages.
- Author
-
Gravelle, Jane G.
- Subjects
INTERNAL revenue ,INCOME tax ,TAX incidence ,BOSTON Tea Party, 1773 ,EXCISE tax ,VALUE-added tax - Abstract
The boat tax does illustrate, however, a point made at the conclusion of the chapter as the basic message of tax incidence: "When it comes to thinking about taxes, things are not always what they seem - or what some people would like you to think they are (page 169)." I Rebellion, Rascals, and Revenue i explains the fundamental issues of taxation - vertical and horizontal equity, incidence, excess burden, Pigovian taxes, tax administration, and tax evasion and avoidance - illuminated by a sweeping collection of historical examples. The British government had repealed other taxes on products and retained only a small nominal tax on tea, primarily to assert its authority to tax. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. What You Need to Know About the GST.
- Subjects
VALUE-added tax ,INDIRECT taxation ,TAX rates ,TAX returns ,EXPORT & import trade of commercial products ,DOUBLE taxation ,TAX incidence ,ELECTRONIC billing - Published
- 2019
47. Relação entre carga tributária e valor adicionado.
- Author
-
Gassen, Cátia, Ely Ludwig, Marivane, and Michels, Andressa
- Subjects
TAX incidence ,TAX incentives ,VALUE-added tax ,FINANCIAL management ,FINANCIAL statements - Abstract
Copyright of REUNIR: Revista de Administração, Contabilidade e Sustentabilidade is the property of REUNIR - Revista de Administracao, Contabilidade e Sustentabilidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. IMPACT OF VALUE ADDED TAX ON RESTAURANT SERVICES.
- Author
-
Jurušs, Māris, Roze, Linda, and Lūka, Madara
- Subjects
- *
VALUE-added tax , *RESTAURANT customer services , *TAX incidence , *LABOR costs , *TAX evasion , *TAX rates , *INFORMAL sector , *PRICES - Abstract
Restaurant services are one of the most demanded tourism products with high competition in terms of price and quality. However, the high incidence of labor taxes and value added tax directly impacts the final price of goods, forcing restaurants to operate in a shadow economy to keep their prices lower. The aim of the research is to assess how value added tax incidence is related to labor costs, specifically the impact of value added tax on restaurants, as one of the examples of a labor-intensive industry. The research concludes, that value added tax has a more negative impact on labor-intensive companies, because in-put value added tax (from purchased goods and services) is deducted proportionately less, as it is not charged and, therefore, deductible from labor costs. As a result, restaurants have a higher value added tax incidence than other less labor-intensive industries. The high value added tax incidence stimulates tax non-compliance and overall loss to the national economy. The research suggests that, in order to minimize the negative impact of value added tax incidence, a reduced value added tax rate may be applied to the final services provided by restaurants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
49. CONFLITOS DE COMPETENCIA TRIBUTÁRIA: O ISSQN E O ICMS NOS SERVIÇOS DE COMUNICAÇÃO.
- Author
-
Menuci, Julia
- Subjects
TAX incidence ,VALUE-added tax ,CABLE television ,TAX laws ,DIRECT broadcast satellite television - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Direito Internacional Econômico e Tributário (RDIET) is the property of Revista de Direito Internacional Economico e Tributario (RDIET) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
50. Zero‐Rating versus Cash Transfers under the VAT.
- Author
-
van Oordt, Marius
- Subjects
TAX incidence ,VALUE-added tax ,EARMARKING (Public finance) ,TAXATION ,SALES tax - Abstract
Abstract: To reduce the tax burden on the poor, nearly every VAT system allows for special treatment of certain goods or services. Zero‐rating the supply of certain foodstuffs is a prominent example of this practice. Using data on South Africa, this paper considers whether taxing foodstuffs alongside compensating cash transfers may be preferred to zero‐rating foodstuffs in a developing country context. The results show that cash transfers may be preferred if all the additional revenue from eliminating the zero rate can be earmarked and government is perfectly efficient. In the likely absence of earmarking and perfect efficiency, developing countries may need to apply special treatment to some foodstuffs to protect the poor. If this is the case, it is proposed that zero‐rating can be preferred to the exemption of certain foodstuffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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