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Indicators of mine presence and absence are the main objects on the scene that need to be detected and spatialy positioned for the purpose of conducting quality aerial non- technical survey of suspected hazardous areas (SHA). Detection of these indicators on the images of the observed scene and positioning of the existing indicators from the mine information system (MIS) enables creation of danger map. Danger map is the result of the fusion of all existing data about mine indicators. Experts of warfare and mining in a particular area can bring conclusions on potential areas that are contaminated by mines on the basis of danger maps. However, the possibility of recognition and extraction of mine presence indicators on aerial and satellite images greatly depends on the image quality and corresponding ground sampling distance, as well as contextual knowledge and experience of mine scene interpreter. Therefore, due to the fact that the experts draw conclusions about SHA based on position of indicators in space and their zones of influence on the environment, it is necessary to add a level of confidence (the level of reliability with which the interpreter evaluates its decision) for each extracted indicator. This information is essential for a more realistic appearance of danger map depending on the available data on the observed scene and from MIS. The confidence of the decision that has been detected and extracted indicator of mine presence affects the level of danger of an area on the danger map. Tools used to automatically extract indicators on the mine scene can be validated in this way. Validation is done based on the true data about mine scene. Internal validation can be carried out by an experienced interpreter of mine scene, while operational validation will be performed after demining of the observed scene.

The current report, the Addendum to the D7.2, re - presents and clarifies parts of D7.2 and provides links to other deliverables where needed. The way how information, data, maps and facts were presented in D7.2 caused difficulties to reader and we try to improve this in the current document. In the same time we stress the fact that most of “unclear” items were given in previous deliverables

Current document Deliverable D7.2. is final report about the validation of SMART Environment that consists of: SMART System with integrated tools ; stand alone tools non integrated in SMART System ; stand alone subsystems non integrated in SMART System (Danger Map, integration) ; methodologies developed by use of COTS software (eCognition, PCI) non implemented in stand alone or integrated form (Region based classification, Change Detection, Data fusion) ; interactive interpretation made by mined scene interpreters, by use of enhanced images (RMK, E-SAR, DAEDALUS) and COTS software (TNTmips, ErMapper, Descartes, MapInfo, ARC View). SMART produces new information that was not available otherwise, about formerly suspected area and provides it to human analyst as a support to his decision making process. SMART is not automatic suspected area system. In SMART terms the reduced area is an area that was claimed as a danger free and proposed to the human analyst with the measure of the confidence of this statement and with known spatial distribution of the indicators of mine absence (IMA) and the indicators of mine presence (IMP). Besides IMA and IMP SMART provides the spatial distribution of the measure of a danger and respective confidence measures for the IMA and IMP. This enables human analyst to estimate relative strengths of all information, particularly about absence of mine indicators (IMA) and of presence of mine indicators (IMP). Validation of SMART Environment was made by comparison of SMART results given by degree of danger in a danger map about indicators of mine absence (IMA) and mine presence (IMP) with data from mine information system (MIS) obtained after demining, technical and general survey of the validation areas. Total area proposed for the reduction was 6, 642, 431 m2 or 20.01 % of the considered area that covered 33, 032, 449 m2. The quality of results obtained with criteria designed in danger map (degree of danger, relative ranking) was analysed and presented by confusion matrices. The new criteria that include the confidence information about IMA and IMP are proposed. The possibility to determine critical values of danger degree, of confidence of IMA, IMP is considered too. Other contributions of SMART Environment beside the suspected area reduction are presented too. Operational value of SMART Environment was particularly approved by management of mine action centre that expressed strong interest to implement several contributions of SMART Environment in the operational practice.

Tehnical report of re-georeferencing of maps used in projects Airborne Minefield Area ReduCtion (ARC - EC IST–2000-25300) and Space and Airborne Mined Area Reduction (SMART - EC IST–2000-25044), fundet by European comision.