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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3 months of vaginal mifepristone treatment on leiomyoma volume and related symptoms., Design: Prospective, open-label, two tertiary centers, phase II clinical trial., Setting: Two tertiary medical centers in Israel., Patient(s): Thirty-three enrolled women, ages 30-53 years, diagnosed with symptomatic uterine fibroids., Intervention(s): Patients received 10 mg mifepristone vaginally daily for 3 months., Main Outcome Measure(s): Reduction in uterine leiomyoma volume. Improvement in symptoms related to uterine fibroids was assessed with the use of the "Uterine Fibroid Symptoms Quality of Life Questionnaire" (UFS-QoL). The number of bleeding days, safety, and tolerability were secondary measures., Result(s): Mifepristone treatment significantly reduced leiomyoma volume from 135.3 ± 22.9 cc at enrollment to 101.2 ± 22.4 cc after 3 months of treatment. The UFS-QoL Score significantly decreased from 20.7 ± 0.7 at enrollment to 14.0 ± 0.8 after 3 months of treatment. The number of bleeding days significantly decreased by 3.5 days. Endometrial biopsies showed no evidence of endometrial hyperplasia or cellular atypia. There were no major side effects during the course of the study, and treatment was well tolerated., Conclusion(s): Vaginal mifepristone may offer an effective treatment option for women with symptomatic uterine leiomyoma and can improve the patients' quality of life., Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT00881140., (Copyright © 2014 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Uterine fibroids (leiomyoma) are the most common benign tumors in women. Better understanding of the pathophysiology, as well as recent technical advancements opened the gates for new options for women who suffer from symptomatic uterine fibroids. Treatments are categorized in four groups: surgical removal, minimally invasive or noninvasive approach causing damage to cellular viability, medical treatments to reduce volume and relieve symptoms, and complementary medicine. This review may assist in tailoring the type of treatment according to age, desire for future fertility, size and location of the fibroids.